The new locality of Ixodes apronophorus Schulze, 1924 in Biebrza National Park, Poland.

The new locality of Ixodes apronophorus Schulze, 1924 in Biebrza National Park, Poland is recorded. The study was conducted in open wet-meadow habitat (Caricetum appropinquatae), in April 2007. The small mammals were caught in live-traps placed at permanent trap stations. The ectoparasites were collected from the fur using combing out method. The adult female, nymphs and larva of Ixodes apronophorus were found, feeding on the common shrew Sorex araneus.

Intestinal trichomoniasis due to Tritrichomonas mobilensis in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri).

Intestinal trichomoniasis was observed in 156 of 202 Tupaia belangeri (77.2%). The parasites were located principally in the cecum (75%) and were far less common in the proximal portion of the colon (19%) or terminal portion of the ileum (6%). Advanced trichomoniasis was associated with liquid cecal contents but not diarrhea. The trichomonads had a tendency to penetrate the mucosal epithelial layer, causing desquamation of entire crypts. They never penetrated the epithelial basement membrane and never triggered inflammatory responses. The trichomonads were characterized by three anterior flagella and one trailing flagellum that extended over the entire parasite body, connected to it by an undulating membrane. The capitulum of the straight axostyle formed a small but well defined pelta, and the stout costa had distinct banding. The parasites thereby matched the description of Tritrichomonas mobilensis.

Tupaiataenia quentini (Schmidt & File, 1977) in Tupaia belangeri (Wagner, 1841): transmission experiments and Praziquantel treatment.

Tupaiataenia quentini was found in many Tupaia belangeri from a closed colony in West Germany. 1.25 mg Praziquantel per animal proved to be efficient for deworming. Direct transmission experiments to non-parasitized tree shrews from another colony failed.

Louse infestations of tree shrews (Tupaia glis).

Nine adult tree shrews, Tupaia glis, recently imported from West Malaysia were visually examined for ectoparasites while under general anesthesia. Three shrews were infested by the sucking louse, Sathrax durus , and six shrews had louse ova belonging to this species; two shrews had neither lice nor ova. A total of 20 adult female, 10 adult male, and three third instar nymphal lice was collected. Lice were located on the head, flanks, and dorsal body of shrews while ova were recorded mainly from the anterior flanks but also from some adjacent host sites. The tree shrews appeared to tolerate the lice well although louse vector capacity was not assessed. The last date that lice were recorded from shrews was 22 days after colony set-up, and the last date on which seemingly viable ova were recorded was 64 days after set-up showing that the infestations were ultimately lost.

On the morphological variation of Euparadistomum species (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from small mammals in Malaysia.

Euparadistomum is described from 7 species of small mammal in Malaysia. The worms display characteristics intermediate between E. buckleyi Singh and E. pearsoni Talbot particularly with regard to body shape and arrangement of vitelline fields. The nature of morphological variation is discussed and comment made on the possible life-cycle of the parasite.

[Nematodes of the genus Spirura, parasites of Tupaia and Nycticebus in Malaysia (author's transl)]. / Nématodes Spirura parasites des Tupaia et du Nycticébe en Malaisie

Morphological study of two Spirura parasites of the oesophageal and the gastric wall of Tupaia and Nycticebus in Malaysia. -- Spirura malayensis n. sp. is found both in Tupaia in the District of Selangor (West Malaysia) and in Nycticebus coucang in Borneo. Its very primitive characteristics relate it to S. diplocyphos Chabaud, Brygoo and Petter, 1965, parasite of lemurs from Madagascar. Its larval development was obtained experimentally in Blatella germanica. -- Spirura aurangabadensis (Ali and Lovekar, 1966) described from a microchiroptera in India is found in west Malaysia in a Nycticebus coucang, and in a Tupaia glis. -- The distribution of the different species and the comparative study of the larval and adult cephalic structures show that the genus Spirura arose and became diversified in the old world in very primitive hosts according to two main evolutive lines.

[Uncinaria (Megadeirides) olseni n. sp., Nematode with archaical morphological characters, parasite of a Tupaia from Borneo (author's transl)]. / Uncinaria Megadeirides olseni n. sp., nématode á caractéres archaïques parasite d'un Tupaia á Bornéo

The species is closely related to U. bauchoti parasite of malagasian Tenrecoidea (sub-genus Megadeirides). The two species may be considered as a link with the primitive sub-family Globocephalinae. The genus Uncinaria itself is considered as an archaic group, which could be at the origin of Uncinariinae-Ancylostomatinae.

[New nematodes of the genus Trichospirura Smith and Chitwood, 1967, in Malaysia. Remarks on the evolution of the family Rhabdochonidae (author's transl)]. / Nouveaux nématodes du genre Trichospirura Smith et Chitwood, 1967, en Malaisie. Remarques sur l'évolution de la famille des Rhabdochonidae

Description of Trichospirura willmottae n. sp. parasite of the salivary ducts of Tupaia glis and T. sp. (single virgin female) parasite of the intestine of Myotis mystacinus in Malaysia. The two species are very closely related to the type species, a parasite of the pancreatic ducts of brasilian Primates, and can be differentiated mainly by the mensurations of the posterior extremities of the bodies. While the genus Rhabdochoma, parasite of the intestine of fresh-water fishes, underwent a very similar, but more or less pronounced, morphological evolution, it became adapted to many different hosts: Sea-fishes, Saurians, Mammals and to many locations. This evolutionary line includes six genera; Trichospirura, the only parasite in Mammals, is one of the more evolved. Some remarks are made on the host-distribution of Trichospirura, on the relationships between Rabdochonidae and Cystidicolidae and on the osmo-excretory apparatus of Trichospirura. The hypertrophy of this apparatus, which could be the consequence of the passage during the course of evolution from aquatic to terrestrial life, is comparable to that of the Pneumospirurinae.

Digenetic trematodes from rats, squirrels and tree shrews in Malaysia.

Neodiplostomum (Conodiplostomum) Brachylaima, Ectosiphonus and Euparadistomum are reported for the first time from small mammals in Malaysia. New host and locality records are given for Echinostoma, Achillurbainia, Beaveria, Odeningotrema, Leipertrema, Athesmia, Skrjabinus and Zonorchis. Possible-life-cycles of the parasites are discussed in relation to the ecology and feeding habits of the hosts.