When social movements fail or succeed: social psychological consequences of a collective action's outcome.

Collective actions occur all around the world and, in the last few years, even more frequently. Previous literature has mainly focused on the antecedents of collective actions, but less attention has been given to the consequences of participating in collective action. Moreover, it is still an open question how the consequences of collective action might differ, depending on whether the actions are perceived to succeed or fail. In two studies we seek to address this gap using innovative experimental studies. In Study 1 (N = 368) we manipulated the perceptions of success and failure of a collective action in the context of a real social movement, the Chilean student movement from last decade. In Study 2 (N = 169), in addition to manipulating the outcome, we manipulated actual participation, using a mock environmental organization aiming to create awareness in authorities, to test the causal effect of both participation and success/failure on empowerment, group efficacy, and intentions of future involvement in normative and non-normative collective actions. Results show that current and past participation predict overall participation in the future, however, in Study 2 the manipulated participation was associated with having less intentions of participating in the future. In both studies, perception of success increases group efficacy. In Study 1, we found that when facing failure, participants increase their willingness to participate more in the future as opposed to non-participants that actually decrease theirs. In Study 2, however, failure increases the perception of efficacy for those with a history of non-normative participation. Altogether these results highlight the moderating role of the outcome of collective action to understand the effect of participation on future participation. We discuss these results in light of the methodological innovation and the real world setting in which our studies were conducted.

Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice.

Even though formal processes (i.e., gender quotes) are necessary to achieve gender justice, attitudinal changes (i.e., support of egalitarian social norms) are also essential. The endorsement of sexism and gender stereotypes perpetuate inequality on a daily basis, and can be seen as barriers that prevent societies from reaching social justice. Therefore, changing sexist social norms can be understood as a fundamental step in accomplishing gender justice. With the aim of studying Chileans' sexist norms, we conducted a survey with a representative sample (N = 490) exploring levels of sexism and gender stereotypes, as well as support for the feminist movement. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we identified four groups of citizens: (1) a first group that shows high levels of sexism and low support for the feminist movement (9%); (2) a second group, with low levels of sexism and high support for the feminist movement (20%); (3) a third group with high levels of sexism and high support for the feminist movement (65%); and (4) a fourth group with mid-levels of sexism and support of the feminist movement (6%). We called these groups the Sexist, Feminist, Inconsistent, and Moderate Group, respectively. The four groups showed similar high endorsement of gender stereotypes. These results are twofold. First, they hint that although nowadays gender equality seems to be generally accepted, this coexists with a high prevalence of sexist social norms, represented by the inconsistent group being the most prevalent. Second, gender stereotypes are still deeply rooted in Chilean culture, surprisingly even among feminist citizens.

[Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis: literature Review] / Coroiditis Serpiginosa-Like: revisión de Literatura

Objective: To provide a complete picture and to improve understanding of the serpiginous-like choroiditis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Materials and methods: Literature review of serpiginous-like choroiditis. A number of scientific search engines were searched including Medline (PubMed), Scielo, and Cochrane Library. Using MeSH and DeCS terms. Results: 107 articles were obtained, of which 44 met inclusion criteria. Discussion: serpiginous-like choroiditis is described as its etiology, pathogenesis, ocular findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Modern studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology, new diagnostic strategies, and future treatments of serpiginous-like choroiditis

Objetivo: Proporcionar una imagen completa y mejorar entendimiento de la coroiditis serpiginosa- like causada por Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Materiales y métodos: Revisión de literatura de coroiditis serpiginosa-like. Se realizó búsqueda en varios motores de búsqueda científica incluidos Medline (PubMed), Scielo y Cochrane Library. Usando términos MeSH y DeCS. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 107 artículos, de los cuales 44 cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Discusión: Se describe la coroiditis serpiginosa-like su etiología, patogénesis, hallazgos oculares, diagnostico, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento. Conclusiones: Son necesarios estudios modernos para entender más la fisiopatología, nuevas estrategias diagnósticas y futuros tratamientos de la coroiditis serpiginosa-like.

The intergenerational transmission of participation in collective action: The role of conversation and political practices in the family.

In this study, we examined the intergenerational transmission of collective action from parents to children. Using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, we analysed data from 100 dyads of activist parents in Chile (involved in the mobilizations against the dictatorship during the 1980s) and their adult children (N = 200). The quantitative analysis addressed the role of conversations about politics in the family. The results provided evidence of a direct association between those conversations and the frequency of participation in conventional and radical actions by the children, and an indirect association via children's knowledge about parental involvement in past social movements. The qualitative phase, which used interviews and thematic analysis on a subsample of 24 dyads (N = 48), confirmed the role of political conversations, but also revealed the influence of other factors such as cultural consumption and joint political participation. This phase allowed the identification of factors that facilitate or hinder family transmission. Overall, the study highlights the relevance of family as a critical site of socialization that enables the intergenerational transmission of protest.

Don't forget the group! The importance of social norms and empathy for shaping donation behaviour.

Feelings of empathy and the influence of social descriptive norms are related to intentions to donate. People are more likely to help and donate to others when they empathise with them, and when they perceive descriptive norms to encourage such behaviour. However, previous work has not considered the potential interplay between empathy and descriptive norms. Across two surveys in two different national settings (Ns = 1300 and 144), we assessed the interplay between empathy and social descriptive norms on frequency of donation (Study 1) and on willingness to donate (Study 2). Consistent with our main hypotheses, in Studies 1 and 2, norms and empathy were positive predictors of frequency of donation and willingness to donate. Importantly, a consistent interaction between norms and empathy was found in both studies. Empathy was a stronger predictor of donation behaviour and disposition when norms were low. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.

Anticoagulación en poblaciones especiales con fibrilación auricular / Anticoagulation in populations special with atrial fibrillation

Resumen La seguridad y eficacia de los anticoagulantes directos se ha demostrado como alternativas al tratamiento con antagonistas de la vitamina K en pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA), permitiendo realizar una cardioversión precoz, especialmente en los pacientes tratados con Rivaroxabán y Edoxabán. Los pacientes con FA presentan un riesgo tromboembólico elevado, que varía según el número de factores de riesgo asociados. Además de esas características intrínsecas de cada individuo, el procedimiento de ablación puede presentar un incremento de eventos, en relación a la introducción y manipulación de catéteres, la presencia de introductores dentro de la aurícula izquierda y las lesiones endocárdicas producidas por la ablación. Por lo que es fundamental mantener la anticoagulación durante este procedimiento. Un tercer aspecto importante a tener en cuenta es el manejo perioperatorio de estos casos. El tiempo previo para suspender la terapia anticoagulante depende de cada fármaco, no se requiere puente con heparinas de bajo peso molecular y para el manejo de posibles sangrados existen algoritmos que analizaremos.

Abstract The safety and efficacy of direct anticoagulants has been demonstrated as alternatives to treatment with vitamin K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation (FA), allowing early cardioversion, especially in patients treated with Rivaroxaban and Edoxaban. Patients with AF have a high thromboembolic risk, which varies according to the number of associated risk factors. In addition to the intrinsic risk of each individual, the ablation procedure presents an increased risk of events, in relation to the introduction and manipulation of catheters, the presence of sheaths inside the left atrium and the endocardial lesions produced by ablation. For this reason, it is essential to maintain anticoagulation during this procedure. Finally, we present some aspects about the management in the perioperative period in this patients.

Anticoagulación en pacientes con fibrilación auricular. ¿Qué dicen las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica? / Anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. What do clinical practice recommendations guidelines say?

Resumen La fibrilación auricular es una de las cardiopatías con mayor prevalencia. Para escoger la terapia ideal se debe evaluar el riesgo hemorrágico con la escala de HASBLED y el riesgo de sufrir un evento cerebrovascular con la escala del CHADS VASC. Se recomienda utilizar el algoritmo de las guías ESC 2016 para prevención de un ictus por fibrilación auricular, donde los NOAC deben preferirse a los antagonistas de la vitamina K

Abstract Anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. What do clinical practice recommendations guidelines say? Atrial fibrillation is one of the most prevalent heart disease. In order to choose the ideal therapy, the risk of hemorrhagic risk should be evaluated with the HASBLED score and the risk of suffering a cerebrovascular event with the CHADSVASC score. It is recommended to use the algorithm of ESC 2016 guidelines for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation, where NOAC should be preferred to vitamin K antagonists.

Anticoagulantes directos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular. De los ensayos clínicos a los registros del mundo real / Direct anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. From clinical trials to real-world records

Resumen Los resultados de los ensayos clínicos con los anticoagulantes directos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular demuestra mayor eficacia en la prevención del ictus versus warfarina. Las guías de práctica clínica recomiendan que estos fármacos deberían preferirse a los antagonistas de la vitamina K para anticoagular los pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular.

Abstract Direct anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. From clinical trials to real-world records The results of clinical trials with direct anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation show greater efficacy in the prevention of stroke versus warfarin. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that these drugs should be preferred to vitamin K antagonists to anticoagulate patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Incidencia de parasitosis en el preescolar "José Leonardo Chirinos" / The parasitosis incidence in of preeschooistic \"Jose Leonardo Chirinos\"

La parasitosis ocupa un lugar importante debido a la incidencia de la misma en gran parte de la población mundial. Se estudiaron 90 niños en edades comprendidas de 3 a 6 años del preescolar "José Leonardo Chirinos" del Barrio Nuevo Horizonte, para establecer relación entre la incidencia parasitaria y factores socio epidemiológicos de la población investigada. Se emplearon métodos coproparasitológicos, clínicos y encuestas a las familias de cada alumno. Los resultados fueron analizados a través de porcentajes observándose la presencia de parásitos en un 81,11 por ciento de la población, donde el Ascaris Lumbricoides ocupó el primer lugar con un 52,05 por ciento seguido del Giardia Lamblia con un 43,83 por ciento y el Enterobius Vermicularis con un 21,91 por ciento, entre otros. El 20,54 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados estaban poliparasitados. Cabe destacar que el ingreso económico de las familias estudiadas, es menor de Bs. 20.000 mensual, en un 66,67 por ciento, presentando escasas condiciones socio epidemiológicas. De esta manera se puede concluir que la presencia de parasitosis está asociada a las condiciones socieconómicas de la población