Higher Plasma Levels of Endocannabinoids and Analogues Correlate With a Worse Cardiometabolic Profile in Young Adults.

CONTEXT: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a signaling system composed of endocannabinoids (eCBs), their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and metabolism. Alterations in the ECS are linked to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigated the relationship between plasma levels of eCBs and their analogues with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS: The study included 133 young adults (age 22.1 ± 2.2 years, 67% women). Fasting plasma levels of eCBs and their analogues were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Body composition, brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume, glucose uptake, and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors were measured. RESULTS: Plasma levels of eCBs and several eCB analogues were positively correlated with adiposity and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors (eg, serum insulin and triacylglyceride levels, all r ≥ 0.17 and P ≤ .045). Plasma levels of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and N-pentadecenoylethanolamine were negatively correlated with BAT volume and glucose uptake (all r ≤ -0.17 and P ≤ .047). We observed that the plasma levels of eCBs and their analogues were higher in metabolically unhealthy overweight-obese participants than in metabolically healthy overweight-obese participants. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the plasma levels of eCBs and their analogues are related to higher levels of adiposity and worse cardiometabolic profile.

Intestinal stenosis developed after a complete response to chemotherapy in a patient with Crohn´s disease and lymphoma of the jejunum.

An increased risk of hematologic malignancies secondary to long-term immunomodulators and biologics has been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease1. Here, we present a case of jejunal stricture after chemotherapy treatment in a patient with ileal Crohn´s disease (CD) and jejunal lymphoma. The patient was a 32-year-old male with ileal CD in remission presenting with abdominal pain and distension. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a poorly defined mass in the proximal jejunum, and positron emission tomography (PET) - CT showed hypermetabolic activity at that level. An upper endoscopy evidenced an indurated, friable circumferential mass causing a significant reduction of the intestinal lumen. Histological and cytometry findings led to a diagnosis of large B cell lymphoma, for which the patient received standard treatment (R-CHOP and IPI), achieving complete response. Eight months later, the patient reported abdominal pain and distention. Abdominal CT showed a thickening of a short segment of the proximal jejunum. An upper endoscopy showed a punctiform stenosis, while multiple biopsies showed neither histological recurrence of lymphoma nor signs of IBD. The patient was diagnosed with a post-chemotherapy stricture and underwent progressive endoscopic balloon dilatation. He finally was scheduled for laparoscopic small bowel resection. An histological analysis of the surgical piece revealed a granulomatous reaction with multinucleated foreign body-like giant cells, without evidence of malignancy (recurrence of lymphoma) nor inflammatory infiltrate suggesting CD. The patient currently remains asymptomatic with no new episodes of abdominal pain.

The relative abundance of fecal bacterial species belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla is related to plasma levels of bile acids in young adults.

BACKGROUND: Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the metabolism of bile acids (BA). Whether an association exists between the fecal microbiota composition and circulating BA levels in humans is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationship between fecal microbiota diversity and composition with plasma levels of BA in young adults. METHODS: Fecal microbiota diversity/composition was analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing in 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old). Plasma levels of BA were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PERMANOVA and Spearman correlation analyses were used to investigate the association between fecal microbiota parameters and plasma levels of BA. RESULTS: Fecal microbiota beta (P = 0.025) and alpha diversity indexes of evenness (rho = 0.237, P = 0.033), Shannon (rho = 0.313, P = 0.004), and inverse Simpson (rho = 0.283, P = 0.010) were positively associated with plasma levels of the secondary BA glycolithocholic acid (GLCA). The relative abundance of genera belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was positively correlated with plasma levels of GLCA (all rho ≥ 0.225, P ≤ 0.049). However, the relative abundance of species from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla were negatively correlated with plasma levels of primary and secondary BA (all rho ≤ - 0.220, P ≤ 0.045), except for the relative abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes onderdonkii, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens species (Bacteroidetes phylum) that were positively correlated with the plasma levels of GLCA. CONCLUSIONS: The relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria species is associated with plasma levels of BA in young adults. However, further investigations are required to validate whether the composition of the gut microbiota can regulate the plasma concentrations of BA in humans.

Protective effects of iodine on rat prostate inflammation induced by sex hormones and on the DU145 prostate cancer cell line treated with TNF.

Molecular iodine (I2) prevents oxidative stress and prostate hyperplasia induced by hyperandrogenism and reduces cell viability in prostate cancer cell lines. Here, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of I2 and testosterone (T) on hyperestrogenism-induced prostate inflammation. Additionally, the effects of I2 and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on cell viability and interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion were evaluated in a prostate cancer cell line (DU145). We also investigated whether the effects of I2 on viability are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-dependent. Castrated (Cx) rats received pellets of either 17ß estradiol (E2) or E2 and T and were treated with I2 (0.05%) in the drinking water for four weeks. The experimental groups were sham, Cx, Cx + E2, Cx + E2+I2, Cx + E2+T, and Cx + E2+T + I2. As expected, inflammation was triggered in the Cx + E2 group (high inflammation score; increase in TNF and transcriptional activity of RELA [nuclear factor-kappa B p65 subunit]), and this effect was diminished in the Cx + E2+T group (medium inflammation score and decrease in TNF). The lowest inflammation score (decrease of TNF and RELA and increase of PPARG) was obtained in the Cx + E2+T + I2 group. In DU145 cells, I2 (400 µM) and TNF (10 ng/ml) additively reduced cell viability, and I2 reduced the production of TNF-stimulated IL6. The PPARG antagonist (GW9662) did not inhibit the effects of I2 on the loss of cell viability. In summary, our data suggest that I2 and T exert a synergistic anti-inflammatory action on the normal prostate, and the interrelationship between I2 and TNF leads to anti-proliferative effects in DU145 cells. PPARG does not seem to participate in the I2-induced cell viability loss in the prostate.

Incidencia y comportamiento clínico de la endoftalmitis poscirugía de catarata / Incidence and clinical behavior of endophthalmitis post cataract surgery

Introducción: La endoftalmitis posquirúrgica es la complicación más temida de la cirugía de catarata. Resulta potencialmente devastadora, puede amenazar seriamente la visión y tiene una incidencia estimada de entre 0,02 y 0,71 por ciento. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de endoftalmitis poscirugía de catarata y su comportamiento clínico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se revisaron 13 850 cirugías consecutivas de catarata realizadas en el Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico "Arnaldo Milián Castro" de Villa Clara, Cuba. Resultados: La incidencia de endoftalmitis poscirugía de catarata en esta serie fue de 0,17 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 0,10-0,24 por ciento); 0,18 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento 0,11-0,25 por ciento) para extracción extracapsular del cristalino y sin incidencia en la facoemulsificación. La forma de presentación aguda fue más frecuente que la crónica; 0,13 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 0,07-0,19 por ciento) y 0,04 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 0,01-0,07 por ciento), respectivamente. Los hombres fueron más afectados que las mujeres y la edad media fue de 71,8 años. La forma aguda se presentó con una media de 5,1 días entre la cirugía y el inicio de los síntomas y la crónica con una media de 21,2 semanas. El 39,1 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo agudeza visual de percepción luminosa al momento del diagnóstico. Se reportó un crecimiento bacteriano en el 44,7 por ciento de las muestras, con una positividad en humor acuoso y vítreo del 42,1 por ciento y 47,4 por ciento, respectivamente. El Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo fue el germen más frecuente. Los antibióticos intravítreos más vitrectomía plana precoz fue la conducta terapéutica más empleada. Conclusiones: La incidencia de endoftalmitis poscirugía de catarata en esta serie está en el rango de lo reportado a nivel mundial. Se presenta comúnmente de forma aguda y con pobre agudeza visual. El agente etiológico aislado con más frecuencia fue el Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa(AU)

Introduction: Postoperative endophthalmitis is the most feared complication of cataract surgery. It is potentially devastating, can seriously threaten vision and has an estimated incidence of between 0.02 and 0.71 percent. Objective: To determine the incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and its clinical behavior. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed. Thirteen 850 consecutive cataract surgeries performed at the Ophthalmologic Center of the Clinical Surgical University Hospital "Arnaldo Milián Castro" of Villa Clara were reviewed. Results: The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in this series was 0.17 percent (95 percent CI: 0.10-0.24 percent); 0.18 percent (95 percent CI: 0.11-0.25 percent) for extracapsular extraction of the crystalline lens and no incidence in phacoemulsification. The acute form of presentation was more frequent than the chronic form; 0.13 percent (95 percent CI: 0.07-0.19 percent) and 0.04 percent (95 percent CI: 0.01-0.07 percent), respectively. Males were more affected than females and the mean age was 71.8 years. The acute form occurred with a mean of 5.1 days between surgery and symptom onset and the chronic form with a mean of 21.2 weeks. Thirty-nine.1 percent of patients had visual acuity of light perception at the time of diagnosis. Bacterial growth was reported in 44.7 percent of the specimens, with positivity in aqueous and vitreous humor of 42.1 percent and 47.4 percent, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent germ. Intravitreal antibiotics plus remission for early flat vitrectomy was the most commonly employed therapeutic behavior. Conclusions: The incidence of post cataract surgery endophthalmitis in this series is in the range of that reported worldwide. It commonly presents acutely and with poor visual acuity. The most frequently isolated etiologic agent was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(AU)

Neuroprotective Efficacy of Betulinic Acid Hydroxamate, a B55α/PP2A Activator, in Acute Hypoxia-Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Newborn Rats.

There is an increasing evidence of the neuroprotective effects of hypoxia inducing factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHDi) after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage (HIBD). We studied the neuroprotective effects of betulinic hydroxamate (BAH), a novel B55α/PP2A activator that dephosphorylates and inhibits PHD2 activity, in a rat model of neonatal HIBD. Seven-day-old (P7) Wistar rats were exposed to hypoxia after left carotid artery electrocoagulation and then received vehicle (HI + VEH) or BAH 3 mg/kg i.p. 30 min post-insult. Brain damage was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurobehavioral studies testing motor and cognitive performance at P14 and P37, as well as immunohistochemical studies (TUNEL and myelin basic protein (MBP) signal) at P37. Mechanisms of damage were assessed at P14 determining excitotoxicity (glutamate/N-acetylaspartate ratio by H+-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), oxidative stress (protein nitrosylation by Oxyblot), and inflammation (cytokine and chemokine concentration). BAH reduced brain damage volume and cell death, preventing the development of motor and working memory deficits. BAH showed a robust protective effect on myelination, restoring MBP expression at P37. BAH modulated excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Most neuroprotective effects were still present despite BAH administration was delayed for 12 h, whereas beneficial effects on motor strength at P14 and on cell death and myelination at P37 were preserved even when BAH administration was delayed for 24 h. In conclusion, BAH appears as an effective neuroprotective treatment for neonatal HIBD in a manner associated with the modulation of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, showing a broad therapeutic window.

Plasma Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Derived Oxylipins Are Associated with Fecal Microbiota Composition in Young Adults.

Pre-clinical studies suggest that circulating oxylipins, i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), modulate gut microbiota composition in mice, but there is no information available in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins plasma levels and fecal microbiota composition in a cohort of young adults. 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old) were included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of oxylipins were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed that plasma levels of omega-3 derived oxylipins were positively associated with the relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV genus (Firmicutes phylum; rho ≥ 0.415, p ≤ 0.009) and negatively associated with the relative abundance of Sutterella genus (Proteobacteria phylum; rho ≥ -0.270, p ≤ 0.041), respectively. Moreover, plasma levels of omega-6 derived oxylipins were negatively associated with the relative abundance of Acidaminococcus and Phascolarctobacterium genera (Firmicutes phylum; all rho ≥ -0.263, p ≤ 0.024), as well as Sutterella, Succinivibrio, and Gemmiger genera (Proteobacteria phylum; all rho ≥ -0.263, p ≤ 0.024). Lastly, the ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins plasma levels was negatively associated with the relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV genus (Firmicutes phylum; rho = -0.334, p = 0.004) and Butyricimonas genus (Bacteroidetes phylum; rho = -0.292, p = 0.014). In conclusion, our results show that the plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins are associated with the relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria genera.

Acute and long-term exercise differently modulate plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids, and their analogues in young sedentary adults: A sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled-trial.

BACKGROUND: Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators including oxylipins, endocannabinoids (eCBs), and their analogues, have emerged as key metabolites in the inflammatory and immune response to physiological stressors. METHODS: This report was based on a sub-study and secondary analyses the ACTIBATE single-center unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129). The study was performed in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada. Eligible participants were young, sedentary adults with no chronic diseases. Here, we performed both an acute endurance and resistance exercise sub-studies (n.ß=.ß14 and 17 respectively), and a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance exercise training at moderate-intensity (MOD-EX) or vigorous-intensity (VIG-EX) exercise groups, in young sedentary adults. Randomization was performed by unrestricted randomization. Plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and their analogues were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FINDINGS: Both endurance and resistance exercise increased by.ß+50% the plasma levels of dihomo-..-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (AA) omega-6 derived oxylipins, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 derived after 3 and 120.ßmin of the bout of exercise (all ..2.ß....ß0.219 and P.ß..±.ß0.039). These exercise modalities also increased the levels of anandamide and eCBs analogues (+25%). 145 young sedentary adults were assigned to a control (CON, n.ß=.ß54), a MOD-EX (n.ß=.ß48) or a VIG-EX (n.ß=.ß43). 102 participants were included in the final long-term analyses (CON, n.ß=.ß36; MOD-EX, n.ß=.ß33; and VIG-EX, n.ß=.ß33) of the trial. After 24-week of supervised exercise, MOD-EX decreased plasma levels of omega-6 oxylipins, concretely linoleic acid (LA) and adrenic acid derived oxylipins, and the eCBs analogues OEA and LEA in comparison to the CON (all P.ß..±.ß0.021). VIG-EX decreased LA-derived oxylipins and LEA compared to CON. No relevant adverse events were recorded. INTERPRETATION: Endurance and resistance exercises acutely increased plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and their analogues, whereas 24 weeks of exercise training decreased fasting plasma levels of omega-6 oxylipins, and eCBs analogues in young, sedentary adults. FUNDING: See Acknowledgments section.

No evidence of brown adipose tissue activation after 24 weeks of supervised exercise training in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.

Exercise modulates both brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in murine models. Whether this is true in humans, however, has remained unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129) was therefore conducted to study the effects of a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance training, on BAT volume and activity (primary outcome). The study was carried out in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada (Spain). One hundred and forty-five young sedentary adults were assigned to either (i) a control group (no exercise, n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 48), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG-EX n = 43) by unrestricted randomization. No relevant adverse events were recorded. 97 participants (34 men, 63 women) were included in the final analysis (Control; n = 35, MOD-EX; n = 31, and VIG-EX; n = 31). We observed no changes in BAT volume (Δ Control: -22.2 ± 52.6 ml; Δ MOD-EX: -15.5 ± 62.1 ml, Δ VIG-EX: -6.8 ± 66.4 ml; P = 0.771) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (SUVpeak Δ Control: -2.6 ± 3.1 ml; Δ MOD-EX: -1.2 ± 4.8, Δ VIG-EX: -2.2 ± 5.1; p = 0.476) in either the control or the exercise groups. Thus, we did not find any evidence of an exercise-induced change on BAT volume or activity in young sedentary adults.

Características clínicas de pacientes con sepsis en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de un hospital de segundo nivel

Introducción: En los últimos años, tanto la morbilidad como la mortalidad por sepsis se han incrementado paulatinamente. Objetivo: Caracterizar variables clínicas de los pacientes con sepsis ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del hospital Morón. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de los pacientes pediátricos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por una Sepsis en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2015 a diciembre 2018. El universo fue de 298 niños y la muestra de 113, los cuales se distribuyen en diferentes variables. Resultados: Predominan las edades de entre 2 y 5 años con 36 pacientes (31,9 %) y el sexo femenino en 63 casos (55,7 %). En la distribución de los estadíos al diagnóstico predominó fue la sepsis con 53 casos para un 46,9 %, y el tiempo transcurrido entre la infección y la aparición de la sepsis fue de 0 a 3 horas en 43 casos. Existió asociación entre el shock séptico y dosis de volumen administrado a 60ml/Kg de peso. La estadía que predominó en la serie fue entre 3 y 7 días en 41 pacientes. Conclusiones: Se realizó una caracterización clínica de los pacientes pediátricos con sepsis ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en el hospital Morón, que se clasifica dentro de los hospitales de segundo nivel de atención, durante 4 años, dentro de las variables principales se encuentra el predominio del estadio sepsis y la relación entre el choque séptico y la dosis de volumen a 60ml/Kg de peso.

Introduction: In recent years, both morbidity and mortality from sepsis have increased gradually. Objective: To characterize clinical variables of patients with sepsis admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit of the Morón hospital. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was carried out of pediatric patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for Sepsis in the period from January 2015 to December 2018. The universe consisted of 298 children and the sample of 113, of whom they are distributed in different variables. Results: Ages between 2 and 5 years old predominate with 36 patients (31.9%) and female sex in 63 cases (55.7%). In the distribution of the stages at diagnosis, sepsis predominated with 53 cases for 46.9 %, and the time elapsed between infection and the appearance of sepsis was 0 to 3 hours in 43 cases. There was an association between septic shock and the volume dose administered at 60ml/Kg of body weight. The stay that predominated in the series was between 3 and 7 days in 41 patients. Conclusions: A clinical characterization of pediatric patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit at Morón hospital was carried out, which is classified within second-level care hospitals, for 4 years, among the main variables is the predominance of the sepsis stage and the relationship between septic shock and the volume dose at 60ml/Kg of body weight.

Plasma Levels of Endocannabinoids and Their Analogues Are Related to Specific Fecal Bacterial Genera in Young Adults: Role in Gut Barrier Integrity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of plasma levels of endocannabinoids with fecal microbiota. METHODS: Plasma levels of endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as their eleven analogues, and arachidonic acid (AA), were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 92 young adults. DNA extracted from stool samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lipopolysaccharide levels were measured in plasma samples. RESULTS: Plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues were not related to beta or alpha diversity indexes. Plasma levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines correlated positively with the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium genus (all rho ≥ 0.26, p ≤ 0.012) and Akkermansia genus (all rho ≥ 0.22, p ≤ 0.036), and negatively with the relative abundance of Bilophila genus (all rho ≤ -0.23, p ≤ 0.031). Moreover, plasma levels of 2-AG and other acylglycerols correlated positively with the relative abundance of Parasutterella (all rho ≥ 0.24, p ≤ 0.020) and Odoribacter genera (all rho ≥ 0.27, p ≤ 0.011), and negatively with the relative abundance of Prevotella genus (all rho ≤ -0.24, p ≤ 0.023). In participants with high lipopolysaccharide values, the plasma levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines, as well as AA and 2-AG, were negatively correlated with plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (all rho ≤ -0.24, p ≤ 0.020). CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues are correlated to specific fecal bacterial genera involved in maintaining gut barrier integrity in young adults. This suggests that plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues may play a role in the gut barrier integrity in young adults.

Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults.

BACKGROUND: Succinate is produced by both host and microbiota, with a key role in the interplay of immunity and metabolism and an emerging role as a biomarker for inflammatory and metabolic disorders in middle-aged adults. The relationship between plasma succinate levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adults is unknown. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 100 (65% women) individuals aged 18-25 years from the ACTIvating Brown Adipose Tissue through Exercise (ACTIBATE) study cohort. CVD risk factors, body composition, dietary intake, basal metabolic rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed by routine methods. Plasma succinate was measured with an enzyme-based assay. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was evaluated by positron emission tomography, and circulating oxylipins were assessed by targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in a sub-sample. RESULTS: Individuals with higher succinate levels had higher levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+ 42.5%), triglycerides (+ 63.9%), C-reactive protein (+ 124.2%), diastolic blood pressure (+ 5.5%), and pro-inflammatory omega-6 oxylipins than individuals with lower succinate levels. Succinate levels were also higher in metabolically unhealthy individuals than in healthy overweight/obese peers. Succinate levels were not associated with BAT volume or activity or with fecal microbiota composition and diversity. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma succinate levels are linked to a specific pro-inflammatory omega-6 signature pattern and higher VAT levels, and seem to reflect the cardiovascular status of young adults.

Resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos en Cuba, 2015-2017 / Resistance to tuberculosis drugs in Cuba, 2015-2017

Introducción: La tuberculosis persiste como un importante problema de salud mundial. En el 2016 se estimaron 600 000 casos de resistente a rifampicina, y entre estos 490 000 casos multidrogorresistentes. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la resistencia de los aislados de M. tuberculosis de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar notificados en Cuba entre los años 2015-2017. Métodos: Se determinó la susceptibilidad a isoniacida y rifampicina mediante el método de la nitratasa. A los aislados resistentes a rifampicina/multidrogorresistentes se les determinó mediante el método proporcional la susceptibilidad a ofloxacina, kanamicina, amikacina y capreomicina. Resultados: El 93,2 por ciento de los aislados fueron sensibles a isoniacida y rifampicina. En 39 se identificó resistencia a isoniacida y 23 fueron resistente a rifampicina. Se identificaron 10 multidrogorresistentes. No se detectó resistencia a fármacos de segunda línea. Conclusiones: Los resultados alertan sobre la necesidad de investigar las causas que han conllevado al incremento de la tuberculosis resistente en Cuba(AU)

Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be an important health problem worldwide. In the year 2016, as many as 600 000 cases of rifampicin resistance were estimated, among which 490 000 were multi-drug resistant. Objective: Describe the behavior of resistance to M. tuberculosis isolates in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis reported in Cuba in the period 2015-2017. Methods: Susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin was determined by the nitratase method. Susceptibility of rifampicin resistant / multi-drug resistant isolates to ofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin was determined by the proportional method. Results: Of the isolates analyzed, 93.2 percent were sensitive to isoniazid and rifampicin. Isoniazid resistance was identified in 39 and 23 were rifampicin resistant. Ten multi-drug resistant isolates were identified. Resistance to second line drugs was not detected. Conclusions: Results warn about the need to study the factors leading to the increase in resistant tuberculosis in Cuba(AU)

Plasma isoprostanoids assessment as Alzheimer's disease progression biomarkers.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. So, there is a need to identify AD early diagnosis and monitoring biomarkers in blood samples. The aim of this study was to analyse the utility of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in AD progression evaluation. Participants (n = 19) were diagnosed with AD at early stages (Time 0, T0), and they were re-evaluated 2 years later (Time 1, T1). Plasma biomarkers from AD patients were determined at both times. Some analytes, such as dihomo-isoprostanes (17-epi-17-F2t-dihomo-IsoP, 17-F2t-dihomo-IsoP, Ent-7(RS)-7-F2t-dihomo-IsoP), and neuroprostanes (10-epi-10-F4t-NeuroP) showed very high probability of showing an increasing trend over time. Baseline values allowed to develop an affordable preliminary regression model to predict long-term cognitive status. So, some lipid peroxidation biomarkers would deserve consideration as useful progression AD biomarkers. The developed prediction model would constitute an important minimally invasive approach in AD personalized prognosis and perhaps could have some interest also in experimental treatments evaluation.

No Solid Colloidal Carriers: Aspects Thermodynamic the Immobilization Chitinase and Laminarinase in Liposome.

The present review describes the basic properties of colloidal and vesicular vehicles that can be used for immobilization of enzymes. The thermodynamic aspects of the immobilization of enzymes (laminarinase and chitinase) in liposomes are discussed. These systems protect enzymes against environmental stress and allow for a controlled and targeted release. The diversity of colloidal and vesicular carriers allows the use of enzymes for different purposes, such as mycolytic enzymes used to control phytopathogenic fungi.