Perfil epidemiológico y prevención secundaria en la primera visita del paciente claudicante a la consulta de angiología y cirugía vascular: estudio ESCUTEPAC / Risk profile and secondary prevention in the first visit of intermittent claudication patients to a vascular surgery clinic: ESCUTEPAC study

INTRODUCCIÓN: El control de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la prevención secundaria son esenciales para los pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) en sus estadios más precoces. Presentamos un estudio encaminado a conocer el perfil de los pacientes claudicantes y el tratamiento que reciben en la primera visita a un servicio de angiología y cirugía vascular. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y multicéntrico sobre 240 pacientes con EAP estadio II de Fontaine, procedentes de 24 servicios de la red pública española. Se recogieron variables sobre perfil de riesgo cardiovascular, clínica, exploración, tratamientos en curso y asociados en la consulta y decisión terapéutica. Análisis estadístico descriptivo y de asociación univariante (test «t» de Student y Chi cuadrado de Pearson). RESULTADOS: El 85,4% fueron varones, con edad media de 66,3 ± 10 años; 67,5% hipertensos, 35,3% diabéticos y 55,0% dislipidémicos; 39,6% fumadores activos y 47,9% exfumadores; 23,3% con antecedentes coronarios, el 64,6% en grado IIA, con índice tobillo-brazo medio de 0,74 ± 0,2. El 56,2% estaban previamente antiagregados y el 55,4% recibiendo estatinas. Tras la consulta el 91,7% recibían antiagregante (76,2% ácido acetilsalicílico, 9,2% clopidogrel), y se incrementó la tasa de tratamiento con estatinas al 74,6%, aunque solo fue correcto según el perfil de riesgo en el 26,4%. Solo 17 pacientes fueron derivados a unidades de tabaquismo. Se indicó un procedimiento quirúrgico en 9 casos (3,7%). CONCLUSIÓN: El paciente claudicante confirma su alto perfil de riesgo cardiovascular y está claramente infratratado respecto a las recomendaciones de las guías clínicas, especialmente en el manejo del hábito tabáquico y el tratamiento hipolipidemiante

INTRODUCTION: Both risk factor control and secondary pharmacological prevention are essential for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) at early stages. A study is present that attempts to confirm the risk profile of patients with intermittent claudication, and to assess the correction of the associated treatment in their first visit to a Vascular Surgery clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 patients with PAD with Fontaine stage II stage, from 24 outpatient Vascular Surgery clinics of the Spanish national health system. Variables recorded included, cardiovascular risk profile, symptoms, physical examination, current treatments, and associatednew ones, as well as the therapeutic decision. Descriptive statistics and associations were tested using Student t test and the Pearson Chi2 test. RESULTS: The study included 85.4% males, and patients had a mean age of 66.3 ± 10 years. They included 67.5% with hypertension, 35.3% with diabetes, and 55.0% with dyslipidaemia. There were 39.6% active smokers and 47.9% ex-smokers. There was confirmed coronary disease in 23.3%, and 64.6% were in Fontaine stage IIA. The mean ankle-brachial index was .74 ± .2. More than half (56.2%) of the patients already received antiplatelet therapy, and 55.4% were on statins. After the visit, 91.7% received antiplatelet therapy (76.2% Aspirin, 9.2% clopidogrel), and the statin treatment rate increased to 74.6%, although it was correct in only 26.4% of cases according to the risk profile. Only 17 patients were referred to a smoking cessation unit. A surgical procedure was indicated in 9 cases (3.7%). CONCLUSION: Patients with intermittent claudication have a high cardiovascular risk and receive a suboptimal treatment according to clinical practice guidelines, especially concerning smoking cessation and serum cholesterol management

Género y generaciones en el atractivo de nuestra especialidad / Gender and generations in the appeal of our specialty

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Endofugas tipo 2 en una población tratada con endoprótesis Gore(R) Excluder: incidencia, persistencia y crecimiento del saco aneurismático / Type 2 endoleaks in a population treated with a Gore (R) Excluder endoprosthesis: incidence, persistence and aneurysmal sac growth

INTRODUCCIÓN: La endofuga tipo 2 (EF2) es la complicación más frecuente tras EVAR, con una tasa de crecimiento del saco variable y un tratamiento de resultados poco efectivos. Se pretende analizar la incidencia de EF2, su persistencia y evolución en una población homogénea, buscando variables predictoras de crecimiento del saco. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Setenta EF2 (32,2%) detectadas en 217 EVAR aortoilíacos tratados con GORE(R) Excluder entre 2003 y 2011. Seguimiento clínico y con angiotomografía computarizada (media 32,5 meses). Análisis univariante de datos recogidos de forma prospectiva. Función de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y regresión de Cox. RESULTADOS: Un 90% de varones con edad media 75,5 ± 8 años y diámetro aórtico 59,6 ± 10 mm. El vaso aferente más frecuente fue una arteria lumbar (n = 42), con un 30% de endofugas complejas (n = 21). Veinticinco endofugas fueron transitorias (35,7%) y 45 persistentes, grupo este último con mayor número de mujeres (p = 0,044) y de colaterales aferentes al saco (1,5 ± 0,7 vs. 1,2 ± 0,4, p = 0,022). Crecimiento > 5 mm en un 38,6% de casos (mediana 8,5 mm, rango 5-24); once se trataron con embolización (éxito 63,6%). Las endofugas complejas no incrementaron el riesgo. El único predictor independiente de crecimiento en la regresión de Cox fue la edad (HR 2,71 IC 95% 1,01-7,19 p = 0,046). CONCLUSIONES: Las EF2 constituyen una complicación frecuente y sin factores predictores sólidos que permitan estratificar el riesgo de crecimiento del saco, por lo que es necesario un seguimiento exhaustivo

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 endoleaks (T2E) are the most common finding after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), with a variable sac growth rate and a treatment with unpromising results. The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence of T2E and their evolution in a homogeneous population, seeking predictors for sac growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 70 T2E (32.2%) were detected in 217 aorto-iliac EVAR treated with a GORE(R) Excluder endograft from 2003 to 2011. They were systematically followed-up with contrast enhanced tomography (mean 32.5 months). Univariate analysis of prospectively collected data; Kaplan-Meier survival functions and multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: 90% of patients with T2E were males, with a mean age 75.8 ± 8 years, and mean aortic diameter 59.5 ± 10 mm. The most common persistent collateral vessel was a lumbar artery (n = 42), with 30% of complex T2E (n = 21). The endoleaks were transient in 25 cases (35.7%), and 45 persisted for more than 6 months, the latter with a higher percentage of women (p = 0 .044), and total number of afferent vessels (1.5 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0 .022). Sac growth over 5 mm was observed in 38.6% of cases (median 8.5 mm, rank 5-24), with eleven of those treated with trans-arterial or trans-lumbar embolization (63.6% success). Complex endoleaks did not show a higher risk profile. Age was the only independent risk factor in the Cox regression analysis (HR 2.71, 95% CI; 1.01-7.19 p = 0 .046). Conclusions : T2E are a frequent complication, with no solid predictive factors for stratifying sac growth risk, thus needing close surveillance

Comparison of related complications: sentinel node biopsy versus elective neck dissection.

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is considered a feasible neck staging tool in early oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative morbidity in patients who had undergone SNB and elective neck dissection (END). Seventy-three consecutive patients were included between the years 2005 and 2009. The patients were divided into two groups according to neck management: SNB and END groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the groups. Shoulder function, length of the surgical scar, and the degree of cervical lymphoedema were assessed. Neck haematoma and the presence of oro-cervical communication were also analyzed. Thirty-two patients underwent SNB and 41 underwent an END (levels I-III). Seven regional recurrences were recorded in the END group. Three neck recurrences occurred in the SNB group. No significant differences were found in DFS or OS between the groups. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in shoulder function and average scar length. However, differences in degree of lymphoedema were not statistically significant. Neck hematomas and oro-cervical communications occurred only in the END group. From this study, it can be concluded that SNB presents less postoperative morbidity than END.

Exclusión de pseudoaneurismas de la aorta infrarrenal utilizando extensores aórticos / Exclusion of infrarenal aorta pseudoaneurysms using aortic extensions

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Aneurismas aórticos yuxtarrenales rotos / No disponible

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El deterioro renal postoperatorio puede ser útil para predecir el resultado y la supervivencia de la reparación de aneurismas de aorta abdominal, tanto abierta como endovascular / Postoperative renal impairment can predict outcomes and survival of open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Introducción: El deterioro renal postoperatorio puede ser útil para predecir el resultado y la supervivencia de la reparación de aneurismas de aorta abdominal, tanto abierta como endovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar la función renal en cirugías de aorta abdominal, y analizar su capacidad predictiva de eventos adversos a corto y largo plazo. Pacientes: Trescientos diez pacientes con aneurisma de aorta abdominal intervenidos en nuestro centro (cirugía n = 150, reparación endovascular [EVAR] n = 160) entre 2003 y 2007, con seguimiento medio postoperatorio de 37,9 meses. Métodos: Recogida prospectiva de datos clínicos y función renal cada 12 horas hasta el tercer día posquirúrgico. Análisis univariante y multivariante, curvas COR y funciones de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: La edad y el riesgo ASA fueron superiores en el grupo endovascular (p < 0,001). La mortalidad perioperatoria fue del 4 % (4 % cirugía, 4,4 % EVAR, p = 0,869), y la creatinina basal fue similar en ambas técnicas (cirugía 1,10 ± 0,21 mg/dl, EVAR 1,08 ± 0,25 mg/dl; p = 0,570). El fallo renal preoperatorio se asoció (p < 0,001) a mayor mortalidad perioperatoria, complicaciones y reintervención, pero no se comportó de forma independiente a otros factores. El fallo renal post-operatorio fue más frecuente en cirugías abiertas (39,8 % frente a 21,8 %, odds ratio [OR] = 1,82, p = 0,015) y predijo significativamente (p < 0,001) eventos adversos en cirugía y en EVAR, así como inferior supervivencia a 3 años (log rank p = 0,038). El análisis multivariante confirmó su excelente perfil predictivo para ambas técnicas (cirugía OR = 4,7, EVAR OR = 4,4). El riesgo fue máximo a partir de 1,40 mg/dl de creatinina máxima en los 3 días postoperatorios (COR AUC 0,919). Conclusiones: El deterioro postoperatorio de la función renal puede indicar qué grupos de pacientes sufrirán más eventos adversos a corto y largo plazo, de forma más precisa e independiente que otros marcadores de riesgo(AU)

Introduction: Postoperative renal impairment can predict outcomes and survival of open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Objectives: To assess renal function in abdominal aortic surgery, and analysing its predictive power for both short and long-term adverse events. Patients: A total of 310 patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm who underwent surgery in our centre (open aortic repair [OAR] n = 150, endovascular aortic repair [EVAR] n = 160) from 2003 to 2007, with a mean postoperative follow-up of 37.9 months. Methods: Prospective collection of clinical data, serum creatinine determinations every 12 hours up to 3rd postoperative day. Uni- and multivariate analysis, ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival plots. Results: Mean age and ASA risk score were significantly higher in the endovascular group (p < 0.001). Perioperative mortality was 4.2 % (4 % open repair, 4.4 endovascular, p = 0.869), and preoperative creatinine levels were similar in both groups (OAR 1.10 ± 0.21 mg/dl, EVAR 1.08 ± 0.25 mg/dl, p = 0.570). Preoperative renal impairment (p < 0.001) was found to be associated with higher short-term mortality, complications and reintervention, but without showing independence to other risk factors. Postoperative renal dysfunction was more common in open repair group (39.8 % vs 21.8 %, odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, p = 0.015) and successfully predicted (p < 0.001) adverse events both in open and endovascular repair, and lower 3-year survival rate (log rank p = 0.038). The multivariate analysis confirmed this predictive power for both techniques (open repair OR = 4.7, endovascular OR = 4.4). Risk was higher for serum creatinine values over 1.4 mg/dl on any of the 3 postoperative days (ROC AUC 0.919). Conclusions: Postoperative renal impairment more precisely identifies groups of patients at increased risk for short and long-term adverse events, and independently of other risk factors or preoperative renal dysfunction(AU)