Fusariosis in cancer patients: 13 case series report and literature review / Fusariosis en pacientes con cáncer: serie de 13 casos y revisión de la literatura

The fusariosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by Fusarium spp. Its clinical presentation depends on the immunological status of the host, especially in patients with hematooncological diseases, whose manifestations vary from localized to invasive fungal infections. Skin or blood culture helps to guide combined antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole. Here, we present 13 cases in a period of eleven years of patients with cancer who developed disseminated fusariosis and their outcomes, together with a review of the related literature. In this series of cases, mortality was 61.5 % (8/13), despite the use of the antifungal. Out of the 13 cases, 11 had hematological neoplasia and 2 solid neoplasia. The most determinant risk factor was profound neutropenia. Skin involvement and positive blood cultures in most cases allowed combined treatment prescription. Persistent febrile neutropenia associated with skin lesions, onychomycosis, nodules, or lung masses lead to suspicion of Fusarium spp. fungal invasive infection. The aim of this series of cases is to remind healthcare professionals that oncological patients with deep and persistent febrile neutropenia can develop fusariosis.

La fusariosis es una micosis oportunista producida por Fusarium spp. Su presentación clínica depende del estado inmunológico del huésped, especialmente, el de aquellos con enfermedades hematooncológicas, cuyas manifestaciones varían desde formas localizadas hasta infección fúngica invasora. El cultivo de piel o de sangre permite orientar el tratamiento antifúngico combinado con anfotericina B y voriconazol. Se presentan 13 casos de pacientes con cáncer en un periodo de once años que desarrollaron fusariosis diseminada; asimismo, se hizo con una revisión extensa de la literatura. En esta serie de casos, la mortalidad fue del 61,5 % (8/13), a pesar del uso del antifúngico. De los 13 pacientes, 11 tenían neoplasia hematológica y 2 neoplasia sólida. El factor de riesgo más importante fue la neutropenia profunda. El compromiso de la piel y los hemocultivos positivos facilitaron la prescripción del tratamiento combinado en la mayoría de los casos. La neutropenia febril persistente asociada a lesiones cutáneas, la onicomicosis, los nódulos o las masas pulmonares permitieron sospechar una infección fúngica invasora por Fusarium spp. El objetivo de la presentación de esta serie de casos es recordar el diagnóstico de fusariosis a la comunidad médica en contacto con pacientes oncológicos, con neutropenia febril profunda y persistentes.

Geotrichosis: fungemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia / Geotricosis: fungemia en paciente con leucemia linfoblástica aguda

Fungemia caused by Geotrichum spp. is rare and highly lethal. The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá reported just two cases: one in the period 2001-2007 and the other in 2012-2018. This type of infection is more common in any kind of immunocompromised patients, so it can occur in those with hematological malignancies. Here we present the case of a 27-year-old man, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse and admitted with polyarthralgia for five days, febrile neutropenia, nonabscessed cellulitis, and bacteremia due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient received therapy with oxacillin and cefepime, but the febrile neutropenia persisted. A new set of blood cultures was taken, and antifungal treatment was started because of the suspicion of invasive fungal infection. Arthroconidia were identified in blood cultures and Geotrichum spp. was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. The antifungal treatment was adjusted with amphotericin B deoxycholate for 14 days and voriconazole for four weeks, and after a prolonged stay, the patient was discharged. Although the incidence of fungemia caused by Geotrichum spp. is low, it must be considered in patients with hematological malignancies and persistent febrile neutropenia despite the broadspectrum antimicrobial treatment. The confirmation of fungemia causing agents, with proteomic tools such as the mentioned mass spectrometry, allows treatment adjustment and decreases complications, hospital stay, and mortality.

La fungemia por Geotrichum spp. es poco frecuente y altamente letal. En el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá solo se han reportado dos casos: uno entre el 2001 y el 2007, y el otro entre el 2012 y el 2018. Este tipo de infección es más común en pacientes con algún grado de compromiso del sistema inmunitario, por lo que puede presentarse en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 27 años con recaída de leucemia linfoblástica aguda, que ingresó con poliartralgias de cinco días de duración. También cursaba con neutropenia febril, celulitis sin abscesos y bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina para lo cual recibió terapia con oxacilina y cefepime. Sin embargo, persistía la neutropenia febril por lo que se sospechó una infección fúngica invasora. Se tomó un nuevo set de hemocultivos y se inició tratamiento antifúngico. En los hemocultivos se identificaron artroconidias y mediante espectrometría de masas por láser de matriz asistida de ionización-desorción se confirmó la presencia de Geotrichum spp. Se ajustó el tratamiento antifúngico con deoxicolato de anfotericina B por 14 días y voriconazol por cuatro semanas. Luego de una estancia prolongada se le dio de alta. Aunque la incidencia de la fungemia por Geotrichum spp. es baja, en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas debe considerarse en el contexto de una neutropenia febril que es persistente a pesar del tratamiento antimicrobiano de amplio espectro.

Geotricosis: fungemia en paciente con leucemia linfoblástica aguda / Geotrichosis: fungemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

La fungemia por Geotrichum spp. es poco frecuente y altamente letal. En el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Bogotá solo se han reportado dos casos: uno entre el 2001 y el 2007, y el otro entre el 2012 y el 2018. Este tipo de infección es más común en pacientes con algún grado de compromiso del sistema inmunitario, por lo que puede presentarse en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 27 años con recaída de leucemia linfoblástica aguda, que ingresó con poliartralgias de cinco días de duración. También cursaba con neutropenia febril, celulitis sin abscesos y bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina para lo cual recibió terapia con oxacilina y cefepime. Sin embargo, persistía la neutropenia febril por lo que se sospechó una infección fúngica invasora. Se tomó un nuevo set de hemocultivos y se inició tratamiento antifúngico. En los hemocultivos se identificaron artroconidias y mediante espectrometría de masas por láser de matriz asistida de ionización-desorción se confirmó la presencia de Geotrichum spp. Se ajustó el tratamiento antifúngico con deoxicolato de anfotericina B por 14 días y voriconazol por cuatro semanas. Luego de una estancia prolongada se le dio de alta. Aunque la incidencia de la fungemia por Geotrichum spp. es baja, en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas malignas debe considerarse en el contexto de una neutropenia febril que es persistente a pesar del tratamiento antimicrobiano de amplio espectro. La identificación de los agentes causantes de fungemias con herramientas de proteómica, como la espectrometría de masas mencionada, permite ajustar el tratamiento dirigido y reducir las complicaciones, la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad.

Fungemia caused by Geotrichum spp. is rare and highly lethal. The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá reported just two cases: one in the period 2001-2007 and the other in 2012-2018. This type of infection is more common in any kind of immunocompromised patients, so it can occur in those with hematological malignancies. Here we present the case of a 27-year-old man, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse and admitted with polyarthralgia for five days, febrile neutropenia, non- abscessed cellulitis, and bacteremia due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient received therapy with oxacillin and cefepime, but the febrile neutropenia persisted. A new set of blood cultures was taken, and antifungal treatment was started because of the suspicion of invasive fungal infection. Arthroconidia were identified in blood cultures and Geotrichum spp. was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. The antifungal treatment was adjusted with amphotericin B deoxycholate for 14 days and voriconazole for four weeks, and after a prolonged stay, the patient was discharged. Although the incidence of fungemia caused by Geotrichum spp. is low, it must be considered in patients with hematological malignancies and persistent febrile neutropenia despite the broadspectrum antimicrobial treatment. The confirmation of fungemia causing agents, with proteomic tools such as the mentioned mass spectrometry, allows treatment adjustment and decreases complications, hospital stay, and mortality.

Fusariosis en pacientes con cáncer: serie de 13 casos y revisión de la literatura / Fusariosis in cancer patients: 13 case series report and literature review

La fusariosis es una micosis oportunista producida por Fusarium spp. Su presentación clínica depende del estado inmunológico del huésped, especialmente, el de aquellos con enfermedades hematooncológicas, cuyas manifestaciones varían desde formas localizadas hasta infección fúngica invasora. El cultivo de piel o de sangre permite orientar el tratamiento antifúngico combinado con anfotericina B y voriconazol. Se presentan 13 casos de pacientes con cáncer en un periodo de once años que desarrollaron fusariosis diseminada; asimismo, se hizo con una revisión extensa de la literatura. En esta serie de casos, la mortalidad fue del 61,5 % (8/13), a pesar del uso del antifúngico. De los 13 pacientes, 11 tenían neoplasia hematológica y 2 neoplasia sólida. El factor de riesgo más importante fue la neutropenia profunda. El compromiso de la piel y los hemocultivos positivos facilitaron la prescripción del tratamiento combinado en la mayoría de los casos. La neutropenia febril persistente asociada a lesiones cutáneas, la onicomicosis, los nódulos o las masas pulmonares permitieron sospechar una infección fúngica invasora por Fusarium spp. El objetivo de la presentación de esta serie de casos es recordar el diagnóstico de fusariosis a la comunidad médica en contacto con pacientes oncológicos, con neutropenia febril profunda y persistentes.

The fusariosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by Fusarium spp. Its clinical presentation depends on the immunological status of the host, especially in patients with hemato-oncological diseases, whose manifestations vary from localized to invasive fungal infections. Skin or blood culture helps to guide combined antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole. Here, we present 13 cases in a period of eleven years of patients with cancer who developed disseminated fusariosis and their outcomes, together with a review of the related literature. In this series of cases, mortality was 61.5 % (8/13), despite the use of the antifungal. Out of the 13 cases, 11 had hematological neoplasia and 2 solid neoplasia. The most determinant risk factor was profound neutropenia. Skin involvement and positive blood cultures in most cases allowed combined treatment prescription. Persistent febrile neutropenia associated with skin lesions, onychomycosis, nodules, or lung masses lead to suspicion of Fusarium spp. fungal invasive infection. The aim of this series of cases is to remind healthcare professionals that oncological patients with deep and persistent febrile neutropenia can develop fusariosis.

Molecular and Clinical Data of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microorganisms Producing Bacteremia in a Multicentric Cohort of Patients with Cancer in a Latin American Country.

Patients with cancer have a higher risk of severe bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the frequency, susceptibility profiles, and resistance genes of bacterial species involved in bacteremia, as well as risk factors associated with mortality in cancer patients in Colombia. In this prospective multicenter cohort study of adult patients with cancer and bacteremia, susceptibility testing was performed and selected resistance genes were identified. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out for the identification of risk factors for mortality. In 195 patients, 206 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently found, in 142 cases (68.9%): 67 Escherichia coli (32.5%), 36 Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%), and 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), and 18 other Gram-negative isolates (8.7%). Staphylococcus aureus represented 12.4% (n = 25). Among the isolates, resistance to at least one antibiotic was identified in 63% of them. Genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases, blaCTX-M and blaKPC, respectively, were commonly found. Mortality rate was 25.6% and it was lower in those with adequate empirical antibiotic treatment (22.0% vs. 45.2%, OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.1-0.63, in the multivariate model). In Colombia, in patients with cancer and bacteremia, bacteria have a high resistance profile to beta-lactams, with a high incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. Adequate empirical treatment diminishes mortality, and empirical selection of treatment in this environment of high resistance is of key importance.

Knowledge structures of scientific production on COVID-19 in the sphere of education: the case of publications indexed in the Web of Science during 2020.

This study seeks to explore the different knowledge structures in the sphere of educational research into COVID-19 during 2020. Using bibliometric methods, analysis was performed of a sample of 308 scientific articles retrieved from the Web of Science database. Using different data analysis techniques combining co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis and factorial analysis, All Keywords and Keywords Plus were used to achieve the main research objective: identification of the main themes and trends of production in the sphere of educational research into COVID-19. The main findings of this study in terms of the conceptual structure show that analysis of the centrality and density of the thematic trends points to a generalised structural change in the entire educational system towards methodological teaching-learning procedures oriented towards distance education. As for the intellectual structure, among the host of authors and sources of information involved only a select few have a greater influence on the scientific community. Finally, in terms of social structure, there is limited collaboration between authors and institutions from different countries. However, this collaboration is more intense within countries themselves and in terms of their own production, with the USA being the country with the strongest links.

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Characterization in Adults and Subgroups aged < 60 years and ≥ 60 years in Bogota, Colombia.

Background: There is scarce information on the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among adults in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the clinical outcomes and microbiological characteristics associated with IPD in adults and subgroups aged 18-59 years and ≥60 years in Colombia. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted in five institutions of Bogotá from January 2011 to December 2017. Analyses were carried out for overall population and stratified by age group (18-59; ≥ 60 years). Results: There were 169 IPD cases; median age was 58 years, 51.5% were male, and 80.5% had at least one comorbidity. Bacteremic pneumonia was the most common presentation (63.9%). The median length of hospital stay was 12 days with high healthcare resource utilization (HCRU): 58.6% required ICU and 53.3% inotropic support. Overall case-fatality rate (CFR) was 41.4%. Clinical outcomes were worse in patients ≥60 years old with significantly higher CFR and HCRU (ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and inotropic support) compared to those aged 18-59 years. The most frequent serotypes were 3, 6 A/C, 14, and 19A. The sensitivity to penicillin in meningitis and non-meningitis isolates were 75% and 89.1% respectively. Conclusions: IPD was associated with a substantial burden in adults and worse clinical outcomes and HCRU in older adults in Colombia. Surveillance data combined with clinical outcomes have the potential to inform age-based pneumococcal vaccination policies.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Difficulties Questionnaire (CERQ) in Higher Education Students in Times of Covid-19.

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is an instrument developed to assess the cognitive strategies of emotional regulation used by people after experiencing a negative event. The present study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the CERQ in students of the University of Granada (Spain) during the Covid-19 homebound. An online scale was developed and applied based on the Spanish version of the CERQ-S36, consisting of 36 items structured around nine cognitive strategies. Using a mixed sampling, the scale was applied to 450 students from different degree programmes. Regarding the psychometric results of the scale, firstly, in relation to reliability as internal consistency, we found that the scale applied to University students in a Covid-19 setting is highly stable. Secondly, in reference to concurrent criterion validity, we can conclude that the items individually measure the same as the total scale (taken as internal criterion), and thirdly and finally, in relation to construct validation, the two factor analyses implemented, one exploratory and the other confirmatory in nature, conform a factor structure of latent dimensions identical to the original one. In conclusion, the results obtained as a whole suggest that the CERQ-S36 scale could be useful for assessing cognitive coping in University populations in times of crisis. In situations such as the current global emergency due to the presence of Covid-19, the scale is useful for understanding emotional regulation strategies. More studies should be carried out with this scale to find out how emotions influence and what consequences they have on the health and psychological functioning of University students in times of social crisis.

Using chi-squared automatic interaction detection modelling to identify student opinion profiles regarding same-sex couples as a family structure.

The aim was to determine the opinions held by a sample of students in relation to homoparenting as a family modality. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of university students specialization: social sciences using the AHFH. It is patent that opinions of students about the three factors (support, rejection and acceptance) that compose the construct of attitudes towards same-sex couples as a family structure, differ greatly depending on the positive or negative nature of these components. In conclusion, in relation to the dimension pertaining to rejection of same-sex couples as a family entity, we derived a configuration determined by 1 of the 4 predictor variables. In this case, gender was the only one of the 4 variables considered to support formation of a profile. This profile was constituted by male students who, independent of their birthplace setting, qualification and whether they personally know any same-sex couples, showed stronger agreement with the dimension describing rejection of same-sex couples as a family structure.

Evaluation of the Emotional and Cognitive Regulation of Young People in a Lockdown Situation Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: In a situation of compulsory home isolation enacted by governments at the spreading of the Covid-19 pandemic, the emotional health and well-being of students became a key factor in the successful implementation of distance teaching methodologies in face-to-face education universities. Psychological well-being, an essential factor in preventing academic failure, has been threatened in this serious situation of unprecedented and stressful isolation. The aim of this study is to analyze the students' cognitive-emotional regulation as well as their beliefs and perceptions about the pandemic and this lockdown situation. With this extensive study we are carrying out, want to describe the extent to which the lockdown situation is a risk factor, and, in the future, make proposals for preventive and palliative actions, if necessary, to minimize this potential risk. METHOD: We applied the CERQ Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by means of an online application together with a questionnaire, CC/covid-19, of objective description and subjective perception of the lockdown situation of the students, their conditions to study, general opinions about the pandemic and specific opinions about the real possibilities of implementing online education in the middle of the academic year at the university. 1910 valid responses from more than 80 universities in 13 different Spanish-speaking countries were obtained and submitted to descriptive analysis and modeling using structural equations. RESULTS: Most of them consider that the lockdown decision is correct, that health systems are not prepared to deal with the pandemic, and that although the universities have adequate means, the teaching staff is not competent to implement online teaching methodologies. They have a good perception of the conditions of isolation, however, the time devoted to studying has not increased. One of the results of our study is the students' self-evaluation about their digital competence and their capacity to perform in online interactive communication. This is key to rejecting a feeling of loneliness or social isolation, even if there is momentary physical separation with friends and classmates which is consistent with the results of emotional well-being the surveyed students present. The cognitive strategies used by the students surveyed have allowed them coping with events arising from the pandemic, mandatory isolation and university closure, certainly adaptive and functional, while maintaining a positive perception of their new living and learning situation.

Development of Nomophobia Profiles in Education Students through the Use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis.

(1) Background: Nomophobia is a recent behavioural addiction phenomenon. The present study proposes the objective of determining levels of nomophobia in students of Education. In addition, it seeks to find evidence regarding whether cross-tabulating variables produces statistically significant differences and to examine whether the contemplated variables, together with nomophobia levels, can be used to generate a student profile. (2) Methods: A total of 510 students (M = 20.69 years) participated in this study. For the collection of information, we developed a Likert-type ad hoc scale of nomophobia. The quantitative data analysis programmes SPSS v.25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), STATA.v.15 (StatCorp, Spring, TX, USA) and jamovi v.1.2 (The jamovi project, Sidney, Australia) were used to analyse information collected by the previously described scale. (3) Results: The study concludes the existence of three main levels of correspondence. The first is formed by students with a low level of nomophobia. It is associated with students undertaking the first year of a Master's degree who are older than 24, and in this case, gender does not play a discriminating role. The second describes students with moderate nomophobia. It is associated with females, the degree titles of Pedagogy and Primary Education, undertaking the first or second year of degree study and ages of between 21 and 24. Finally, the third level of correspondence is formed by students with high nomophobia. It is related to the same characteristics as those previously mentioned but ages typically ranging between 17 and 20.

School Bullying in Compulsory and Advanced Secondary Education. Determining Factors in its Intervention.

Background: School bullying is a problem that has been considered from various different perspectives in the academic literature. The present work seeks to increase knowledge on the influence of the climate established at the school in order to determine if contextual factors can be used as a reference from which to plan interventions directed towards prevention. Methods: An ad hoc validated questionnaire was administered to 554 pupils in secondary education (compulsory and A Level) who were aged between 12 and 18 years. Results: Descriptive bivariate analysis showed the quality of the relationship established by the individual with their environment to be a key indicator of their susceptibility to school bullying. In the same way, acceptance in school is a protective factor against victimization. Conclusions: The most effective interventions are those which focus on the center of education and involve all of the educational community, taking a transversal approach that transforms the cultural system within which students develop.

Estudio de las competencias en el grado de Enfermería del National University College de Puerto Rico desde la perspectiva de los alumnos, docentes y empleadores / Study of competencies for the Nursing programs of National University College of Puerto Rico from the perspective of students, teachers and employers

El trabajo que presentamos está relacionado con el estudio de las competencias genéricas y específicas desde la perspectiva europea (Proyecto Tuning Europa), la visión latinoamericana (Proyecto Tuning América Latina) y los requerimientos establecidos por la Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing, así como de otras investigaciones actuales sobre competencias en Enfermería. Para realizar esta investigación, utilizamos una metodología ex post facto de tipo comparativo-causal, planteamos como objetivo de investigación determinar el grado de importancia que deben tener las competencias del grado profesional de Enfermería desde la opinión del alumnado, el profesorado y los empleadores y si dicha opinión muestra o no diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Elegimos una muestra en la que están representados los 3 agentes, elaborando 3 escalas en formato Likert. Cada una de las escalas está conformada por 22 competencias valoradas con 5 categorías de respuesta. Algunas de las conclusiones a las que llegamos con este trabajo son la combinación de criterios entre los alumnos, docentes y empleadores para poder establecer un compromiso para mejorar los planes de estudios del grado de Enfermería y su adecuación al ámbito laboral

The work presented is related to the study of generic and specific competences from the European perspective (Tuning Project), the Latin American vision through (Tuning Latin America Project) and the requirements established by the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing, as well as, other current research on nursing skills. To carry out this research, we have used an ex post facto methodology, exactly a comparative-causal study, establishing as the main research objective the degree of importance that competences should have in the Nursing program from the students, faculty members and employers point of view, and if their opinions shows or not statistically significant differences. For the study, we chose a sample in which the 3 agents are represented and 3 Likert scales were designed. Each scale is comprised of 22 competencies which have been valued with 5 categories of response. Some conclusions of this study are the combination of criteria among the students, teachers and employers, in order to establish a commitment to improve the curriculum of the degree of Nursing and its adaptation to the workplace

Analysis of peripheral central venous access ports at the forearm: An observational study.

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of central venous catheters with brachial-implanted reservoirs and the complications associated with their use over a 4-years period. This observational study was carried out in an onco-haematological day hospital in Spain. Information was collected about 125 catheters inserted in patients requiring intravenous chemotherapy. There were more catheters implanted in women than men and the mean age was 58.6 years. Seventy of the implanted catheters were made of polyurethane and 55 of silicone. Left laterality prevailed with a mean catheter dwell-time of 347.1 days. A total of 164 complications were registered, 124 of them came from blood draws, where the most frequent complication was "inability to withdraw, ability to infuse". Forty complications were associated with the administration of treatments. Furthermore, there were 21 catheter removals, caused by several other complications different from those mentioned before. Statistically significant differences were found when associating types of catheters, laterality, blood draws and administration of treatments. Results showed how silicone ports would be more appropriate for patients who carry these types or ports than polyurethane because they reduce the number of complications causes by thrombosis.

Comparative-Causal Study of the Immigration's Term in Students of the University of Granada, Spain / Estudo Comparativo-Causal do Termo Imigração em Estudantes da Universidade de Granada, Espanha / Estudio Comparativo-Causal del Término Inmigración en Estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada, España

Abstract: This study, of comparative-causal type, cutting wants to determine if different variables inherent to the students of the University of Granada (as the genre, degree where they study, etc.) influence in the way they assess the term of "inmigration". We use a survey that evaluated the perception of agree vs disagree on the term "inmigrantion" of a sample (N = 423) students of this university selected by cluster random sampling. The obtained results show that, really, some of the referred variables have shown to be relevant when assessing with varying agreement to the concept previously mentioned, over all, regarding the different degrees, ideology and the students economic situation, the object of the research.

Resumo: O presente estudo, de corte comparativo-causal, pretende verificar se diferentes variáveis inerentes aos estudantes da Universidade de Granada (como o gênero, a titulação onde cursam seus estudos, dentre outras) afetam a forma como avaliam o termo "imigração". Foi utilizado um inventário que avaliou a percepção sobre o agrado versus desagrado do termo referido de uma amostra de (N = 423) alunos desta universidade selecionada através de uma amostragem probabilística por conglomerados. Os resultados obtidos destacam que, de fato, algumas das variáveis referidas foram relevantes na hora de avaliar positiva ou negativamente o termo imigração, sobretudo, no que diz respeito às variáveis titulação, ideologia e situação econômica dos estudantes da nossa pesquisa.

Resumen: El presente estudio, de corte comparativo-causal, pretende determinar si diferentes variables consustanciales al alumnado de la Universidad de Granada (como el género, titulación donde desarrolla sus estudios, etc.) inciden en la forma en cómo valoran el término de "inmigración". Para ello utilizamos un inventario que ha evaluado la percepción de agrado vs desagrado de dicho término de una muestra de estudiantes (N = 423) de la dicha universidad seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que, efectivamente, algunas de las variables contempladas han resultado relevantes a la hora de valorar con mayor o menor agrado el concepto anteriormente mencionado, sobre todo, por lo que respecta a las variables titulación, ideología y situación económica del alumnado objeto de la investigación.

Algunas variables epidemiológicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus gestacional / Some epidemiological variables in gestational diabetes mellitus patients

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus (DM) es considerada la enfermedad metabólica que con más frecuencia complica el embarazo.Objetivo: describir algunas variables epidemiológicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus gestacional.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de las pacientes diagnosticadas con esta enfermedad en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2012. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 37 pacientes. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad de la gestante, edad gestacional, valoración del estado nutricional a la captación del embarazo según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), antecedentes patológicos familiares y obstétricos y la necesidad de tratamiento insulínico. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas individuales y fueron procesados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS-11.5 de Windows ofreciendo los resultados en porcentajes y promedios como medidas de resumen.Resultados: fue mayoritario el grupo de edades entre 26-30 años con 13 (35,1), así como la edad gestacional entre las 28 y 36 semanas con 18 (48,7), el grupo de las obesas fue el que predominó, 24 (64,9). Dentro de los antecedentes obstétricos, el aborto provocado resultó ser el más encontrado 10 (27,0).Conclusiones: la mayor cantidad de pacientes con diabetes gestacional tenían entre 21 y 30 años. El diagnóstico se realizó con mayor frecuencia entre 21 y 36 semanas de gestación. Fueron mayoría las que tenían antecedentes de abortos, de mortalidad fetal o neonatal, de partos pretérmino y anomalías congénitas previas, que se consideran factores de riesgo para la diabetes gestacional.

Introduction: diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a metabolic disease that most often complicates pregnancy.Objective: to describe some epidemiological variables in patients suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant patients diagnosed with this disease from January to December 2012. The study group was composed of 37 patients. The following variables were analyzed: age, gestational age, assessment of nutritional status at detection of pregnancy, according to body mass index (BMI), family and obstetric medical history and the need for insulin therapy. The data were obtained from individual medical records and they were processed using SPSS-11.5 for Windows offering results in percentages and averages as summary measures.Results: the majority of patients were in the age group between 26 to 30 years with 13 patients (35.1); gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks with 18 patients (48.7). 24 patients were in the obese group (64.9). Induced abortion was the most frequent finding within their obstetric history, 10 cases (27.0).Conclusions: most patients suffering from gestational diabetes were between 21 and 30 years old. The diagnosis was made more often between 21 and 36 weeks of gestation. Most of them had history of abortions, fetal or neonatal mortality, preterm delivery and pre congenital anomalies, which are considered risk factors for gestational diabetes.

Algunas variables epidemiológicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus gestacional / Some epidemiological variables in gestational diabetes mellitus patients

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus (DM) es considerada la enfermedad metabólica que con más frecuencia complica el embarazo.Objetivo: describir algunas variables epidemiológicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus gestacional.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de las pacientes diagnosticadas con esta enfermedad en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2012. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 37 pacientes. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad de la gestante, edad gestacional, valoración del estado nutricional a la captación del embarazo según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), antecedentes patológicos familiares y obstétricos y la necesidad de tratamiento insulínico. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas individuales y fueron procesados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS-11.5 de Windows ofreciendo los resultados en porcentajes y promedios como medidas de resumen.Resultados: fue mayoritario el grupo de edades entre 26-30 años con 13 (35,1), así como la edad gestacional entre las 28 y 36 semanas con 18 (48,7), el grupo de las obesas fue el que predominó, 24 (64,9). Dentro de los antecedentes obstétricos, el aborto provocado resultó ser el más encontrado 10 (27,0).Conclusiones: la mayor cantidad de pacientes con diabetes gestacional tenían entre 21 y 30 años. El diagnóstico se realizó con mayor frecuencia entre 21 y 36 semanas de gestación. Fueron mayoría las que tenían antecedentes de abortos, de mortalidad fetal o neonatal, de partos pretérmino y anomalías congénitas previas, que se consideran factores de riesgo para la diabetes gestacional(AU)

Introduction: diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a metabolic disease that most often complicates pregnancy.Objective: to describe some epidemiological variables in patients suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant patients diagnosed with this disease from January to December 2012. The study group was composed of 37 patients. The following variables were analyzed: age, gestational age, assessment of nutritional status at detection of pregnancy, according to body mass index (BMI), family and obstetric medical history and the need for insulin therapy. The data were obtained from individual medical records and they were processed using SPSS-11.5 for Windows offering results in percentages and averages as summary measures.Results: the majority of patients were in the age group between 26 to 30 years with 13 patients (35.1); gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks with 18 patients (48.7). 24 patients were in the obese group (64.9). Induced abortion was the most frequent finding within their obstetric history, 10 cases (27.0).Conclusions: most patients suffering from gestational diabetes were between 21 and 30 years old. The diagnosis was made more often between 21 and 36 weeks of gestation. Most of them had history of abortions, fetal or neonatal mortality, preterm delivery and pre congenital anomalies, which are considered risk factors for gestational diabetes(AU)

Epidemiología de la infección vaginal en gestantes diabéticas / Epidemiología de la infección vaginal en gestantes diabéticas i: en

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 37 gestantes diabéticas ingresadas en el Servicio de Perinatología del Hospital General "Orlando Pantoja Tamayo" de Contramaestre, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2012, con vistas a caracterizarles desde el punto de vista epidemiológico. La información fue procesada con el programa SPSS, versión 11.5 y se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Entre los resultados principales predominaron el grupo de 26-30 años (35,1 %), el diagnóstico de infección vaginal a las 28-36 semanas de gestación (48,7 %), la técnica incorrecta para el aseo (67,6 %) y la moniliasis como principal causa de infección (62,2 %). Se impone intensificar estrategias para la prevención de dichas infecciones en las embarazadas con diabetes gestacional.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 37 diabetic pregnant women admitted in the Perinatology Service of "Orlando Pantoja Tamayo" General Hospital in Contramaestre, Santiago de Cuba province, was carried out from January to December, 2012, aimed at characterizing them from the epidemiological point of view. The information was processed with the program SPSS, version 11.5 and the percentage was used as summary measure. Among the main results the 26-30 year group (35.1%), the diagnosis of vaginal infection at 28-36 weeks (48.7%), the incorrect technique for the toilet (67.6%) and moniliasis as the main infection cause (62.2%) prevailed. It is imposed to intensify strategies for the prevention of these infections in this populational group.