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1.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 87(1): 28-32, ene.-mar. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049497

RESUMO

La metformina (biguanida), grupo de medicamentos que proceden de la guanidina, se ha utilizado desde época medieval para tratamiento de la diabetes. Esta revisión bibliográfica narrativa tiene el propósito de contribuir a mejorar su uso clínico. Se realizó búsqueda de artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas y artículos de revisión en internet, período 2012-2018, o anterior si fuera relevante. La metformina actúa como un hipoglucemiante, reduce la producción hepática de glucosa inhibiendo la gluconeogénesis y la glucogenólisis, aumenta captación de glucosa a nivel muscular y disminuye absorción de glucosa a nivel gastrointestinal. Una vez intracelular, aumenta la glucólisis anaerobia, uno de sus principales efectos adversos. La metformina es un fármaco que genera incremento de sensibilidad a insulina, mayor control de la glucemia, mejoría del perfil lipídico y de la función vascular, es de bajo costo y es en la actualidad la primera opción en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Biguanidas/farmacocinética , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico
2.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 13(5): 258-263, sept.-oct. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165223

RESUMO

Objetivo. En España, el estudio FRIDEX ha aportado recientemente unos umbrales de riesgo coste-efectivos para el manejo de la osteoporosis. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el impacto de su aplicación en la práctica clínica habitual, comparándola también con los umbrales de la National Osteoporosis Guidelines Group (NOGG). Material y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en mujeres remitidas a una unidad de densitometría ósea. El riesgo absoluto de presentar una fractura mayor o de cadera se calculó mediante la fórmula FRAX® española y británica para poder emplear los umbrales de intervención de la calibración FRIDEX y de la guía NOGG, respectivamente. Se descartaron mujeres con tratamiento antirresortivo. Resultados. Fueron incluidas 607 mujeres con una mediana de edad de 59,4 (RIQ=14) años. El 31,4% recibieron tratamiento después de la densitometría ósea. El empleo de la calibración FRIDEX indicaría una densitometría ósea al 35,4% y tratamiento al 26,7%, lo que supondría una reducción de gastos a los 5años del 18,8%. Según la guía NOGG precisarían densitometría ósea el 32% y tratamiento el 21,3%, siendo el ahorro de un 35% a los 5años respeto a la actitud habitual. La concordancia de la guía NOGG y del FRIDEX según el coeficiente kappa de Cohen fue baja tanto a nivel diagnóstico (0,16 [IC95%: 0,09-0,24]) como terapéutico (0,39 [IC95%: 0,31-0,47]). Conclusiones. La aplicación de la calibración FRIDEX y de la guía NOGG aumentaría la eficiencia del manejo de la osteoporosis, aunque su concordancia es baja, indicando tratamiento en diferentes perfiles de mujeres (AU)


Objective. The recent FRIDEX calibration proposed cost-effectiveness thresholds for the Spanish population. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of its application in routine clinical practice and to compare its thresholds with those of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). Material and methods. Cross-sectional study in women referred to a bone densitometry unit who were not receiving antiresorptive therapy. The absolute risk of major fracture or hip fracture was calculated with the Spanish and British formulas of the FRAX® tool using the intervention thresholds of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline, respectively. Results. The study included 607 women with a median age of 59.4 (IQR=14) years. Treatment was initiated in 31.4% after bone mineral densitometry. With the application of the FRIDEX calibration, bone mineral density testing would have been indicated in 35.4% of the sample and treatment in 26.7%, reducing costs by 18.8% over a 5-year period. The NOGG guideline would have recommended testing in 32% and treatment in 21.3% of the participants, resulting in a reduction in costs of 35% over 5years, when compared with the standard approach. Agreement between the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline, as defined by Cohen's kappa coefficient, was low in terms of both diagnostic (0.16 [95%CI, 0.09-0.24]) and therapeutic indications (0.39 [95%CI, 0.31-0.47]). Conclusions. The application of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline improves efficiency in the management of osteoporosis, although the level of agreement between the two is low (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Osteoporose/terapia , Osteoporose , Osteoporose/economia , Calibragem/normas , Análise Custo-Eficiência , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Densitometria/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Custo-Benefício/organização & administração , Análise Custo-Benefício/normas
3.
Appetite ; 114: 23-27, 2017 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28315777

RESUMO

Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition due to several symptoms such as lack of appetite. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different appetite disorders in cancer patients and their influence on dietary intake, nutritional status, and quality of life. We conducted a cross-sectional study of cancer patients at risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status was studied using Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometry, and grip strength. Dietary intake was evaluated with a 24-h recall, and patients were questioned about the presence of changes in appetite (none, anorexia, early satiety, or both). Quality of life was measured using EORTC-QLQ-C30. Multivariate analysis was performed using linear regression. 128 patients were evaluated. 61.7% experienced changes in appetite: 31% anorexia, 13.3% early satiety, and 17.2% both. Appetite disorders were more common in women and with the presence of cachexia. The combination of anorexia and satiety resulted in a lower weight and BMI. However, there were no significant effects on energy or macronutrient intake among different appetite alterations. Patients with a combination of anorexia and early satiety had worse overall health perception, role function, and fatigue. Appetite disorders are highly prevalent among cancer patients at risk of malnutrition. They have a significant impact on nutritional status and quality of life, especially when anorexia and early satiety are combined.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Reumatol Clin ; 13(5): 258-263, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27373582

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The recent FRIDEX calibration proposed cost-effectiveness thresholds for the Spanish population. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of its application in routine clinical practice and to compare its thresholds with those of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in women referred to a bone densitometry unit who were not receiving antiresorptive therapy. The absolute risk of major fracture or hip fracture was calculated with the Spanish and British formulas of the FRAX® tool using the intervention thresholds of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline, respectively. RESULTS: The study included 607 women with a median age of 59.4 (IQR=14) years. Treatment was initiated in 31.4% after bone mineral densitometry. With the application of the FRIDEX calibration, bone mineral density testing would have been indicated in 35.4% of the sample and treatment in 26.7%, reducing costs by 18.8% over a 5-year period. The NOGG guideline would have recommended testing in 32% and treatment in 21.3% of the participants, resulting in a reduction in costs of 35% over 5years, when compared with the standard approach. Agreement between the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline, as defined by Cohen's kappa coefficient, was low in terms of both diagnostic (0.16 [95%CI, 0.09-0.24]) and therapeutic indications (0.39 [95%CI, 0.31-0.47]). CONCLUSIONS: The application of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline improves efficiency in the management of osteoporosis, although the level of agreement between the two is low.


Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/diagnóstico , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas por Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Densidade Óssea , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/complicações , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/economia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/economia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/etiologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Espanha
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(5): 1710-6, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24160237

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An inadequate fluid therapy can worsen the outcomes of surgical patients, but there are no data in medical patients. The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluid therapy in hospitalised patients of medical wards, and its influence on outcomes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including nil-per-os patients admitted in medical wards of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León. The administered fluid therapy was compared with the standardised requirements. Nutritional status was evaluated with Subjective Global Assessment. Fasting was considered inappropriate if it lasted > 7 days in well-nourished, and >5 days in malnourished patients if nutritional support had not been provided. RESULTS: Fluid therapy lasted 4 (IQR = 2) days, and fasting was inadequately maintained in 27% of patients. Fluid requirements were correctly fulfilled, but patients received an excess of sodium (+58.4%) and chloride (+62.2%), and potassium administration was insufficient (-35.1%). Glucose supply was 68.8 (29.2) g/d, and 99% received < 130 g/d. Patients with an inadequate duration of fasting had a longer hospital stay after adjusting for sex, age, nutritional status, infused volume, electrolytes, glucose and diseases. Only malnutrition predicted mortality during hospitalisation (OR 10.5; 95%CI 1.3 to 83.2), when multivariate analysis was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting medical patients receive an inadequate supply of glucose and electrolytes. Prolonged fluid therapy and malnutrition may worsen the outcomes of these patients, independently of other conditions like age or diseases.


Introducción y objetivo: La sueroterapia inadecuada en pacientes quirúrgicos puede empeorar sus resultados clínicos, pero para pacientes médicos no existen datos publicados. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la adecuación de la sueroterapia en pacientes médicos hospitalizados y valorar su repercusión en los resultados clínicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en pacientes en dieta absoluta de servicios médicos del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León. Se comparó el aporte de sueros con los requerimientos estandarizados. El estado nutricional se valoró mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva. Se consideró inadecuado un ayuno con suero como único aporte durante > 7 días en bien nutridos y > 5 días en desnutridos. Resultados: La duración de la sueroterapia fue 4 (RIQ = 2) días y el 27% de los pacientes permanecieron en dieta absoluta con sueros más tiempo del adecuado. El aporte de líquidos fue correctamente administrado pero los pacientes recibieron un exceso de sodio (+58,4%) y cloro (+62,2%) y una administración insuficiente de potasio (-35,1%). El aporte de glucosa fue de 68,8 (29,2) g/d y el 99,0% de los pacientes recibieron menos de 130 g/día de glucosa. Los pacientes con duración inadecuada del ayuno con sueros tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada [22,0 (RIQ = 13,0) vs 13,0 ( RIQ = 11,0) días; p = 0,001], una vez ajustado por sexo, edad, estado nutricional y aporte de volumen, iones y glucosa. Al realizar el análisis multivariante solo la malnutrición fue un predictor de mortalidad durante la hospitalización (OR 10,5; 95%CI 1,3 to 83,2). Conclusiones: El paciente en dieta absoluta recibe un aporte inadecuado de iones y glucosa. La sueroterapia prolongada y la malnutrición pueden empeorar los resultados clínicos de estos pacientes de manera independiente de otras condiciones como la edad o enfermedad.


Assuntos
Jejum , Hidratação/métodos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(5): 1710-1716, sept.-oct. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-120371

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An inadequate fluid therapy can worsen the outcomes of surgical patients, but there are no data in medical patients. The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluid therapy in hospitalised patients of medical wards, and its influence on outcomes.METHODS: Cross-sectional study including nil-per-os patients admitted in medical wards of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León. The administered fluid therapy was compared with the standardised requirements. Nutritional status was evaluated with Subjective Global Assessment. Fasting was considered inappropriate if it lasted > 7 days in well-nourished, and >5 days in malnourished patients if nutritional support had not been provided.RESULTS: Fluid therapy lasted 4 (IQR = 2) days, and fasting was inadequately maintained in 27% of patients. Fluid requirements were correctly fulfilled, but patients received an excess of sodium (+58.4%) and chloride (+62.2%), and potassium administration was insufficient (-35.1%). Glucose supply was 68.8 (29.2) g/d, and 99% received < 130 g/d. Patients with an inadequate duration of fasting had a longer hospital stay after adjusting for sex, age, nutritional status, infused volume, electrolytes, glucose and diseases. Only malnutrition predicted mortality during hospitalisation (OR 10.5; 95%CI 1.3 to 83.2), when multivariate analysis was performed.CONCLUSIONS: Fasting medical patients receive an inadequate supply of glucose and electrolytes. Prolonged fluid therapy and malnutrition may worsen the outcomes of these patients, independently of other conditions like age or diseases (AU)


Introducción y objetivo: La sueroterapia inadecuada en pacientes quirúrgicos puede empeorar sus resultados clínicos, pero para pacientes médicos no existen datos publicados. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la adecuación de la sueroterapia en pacientes médicos hospitalizados y valorar su repercusión en los resultados clínicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en pacientes en dieta absoluta de servicios médicos del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León. Se comparó el aporte de sueros con los requerimientos estandarizados. El estado nutricional se valoró mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva. Se consideró inadecuado un ayuno con suero como único aporte durante > 7 días en bien nutridos y > 5 días en desnutridos. Resultados: La duración de la sueroterapia fue 4 (RIQ = 2) días y el 27% de los pacientes permanecieron en dieta absoluta con sueros más tiempo del adecuado. El aporte de líquidos fue correctamente administrado pero los pacientes recibieron un exceso de sodio (+58,4%) y cloro (+62,2%) y una administración insuficiente de potasio (-35,1%). El aporte de glucosa fue de 68,8 (29,2) g/d y el 99,0% de los pacientes recibieron menos de 130 g/día de glucosa. Los pacientes con duración inadecuada del ayuno con sueros tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada [22,0 (RIQ = 13,0) vs 13,0 ( RIQ = 11,0) días; p = 0,001], una vez ajustado por sexo, edad, estado nutricional y aporte de volumen, iones y glucosa. Al realizar el análisis multivariante solo la malnutrición fue un predictor de mortalidad durante la hospitalización (OR 10,5; 95%CI 1,3 to 83,2). Conclusiones: El paciente en dieta absoluta recibe un aporte inadecuado de iones y glucosa. La sueroterapia prolongada y la malnutrición pueden empeorar los resultados clínicos de estos pacientes de manera independiente de otras condiciones como la edad o enfermedad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Jejum/efeitos adversos , Soluções Hipertônicas/administração & dosagem , Desnutrição/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos
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