Home-Based Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Review.

The objective of the study is to review the studies on home-based pulmonary rehabilitation practices in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients in the last 5 years. Home-based randomized controlled trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients published in the PubMed database within the previous 5 years were searched. As a result of the research, a total of 5 articles were included in the study. Five home-based rehabilitation practices used in these articles were reached. Totally, 176 patients were found to have participated in these programs. As a result, patients who have difficulty accessing hospital-based rehabilitation services due to various reasons will benefit from home-based rehabilitation services. However, the content of the home-based program and the method of follow-up and supervision affect the results.

Design and synthesis of 6-arylpyridine-tethered sulfonamides as novel selective inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase IX with promising antitumor features toward the human colorectal cancer.

Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of solid tumors, develops as a result of excessive cell proliferation and rapid tumor growth exceeding the oxygen supply, and can result in angiogenesis activation, increased invasiveness, aggressiveness, and metastasis, leading to improved tumor survival and suppression of anticancer drug therapeutic impact. SLC-0111, a ureido benzenesulfonamide, is a selective human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX inhibitor in clinical trials for the treatment of hypoxic malignancies. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel 6-arylpyridines 8a-l and 9a-d as structural analogues of SLC-0111, in the aim of exploring new selective inhibitors for the cancer-associated hCA IX isoform. The para-fluorophenyl tail in SLC-0111 was replaced by the privileged 6-arylpyridine motif. Moreover, both ortho- and meta-sulfonamide regioisomers, as well as an ethylene extended analogous were developed. All 6-arylpyridine-based SLC-0111 analogues were screened in vitro for their inhibitory potential against a panel of hCAs (hCA I, II, IV and IX isoforms) using stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. In addition, the anticancer activity was firstly explored against a panel of 57 cancer cell lines at the USA NCI-Developmental Therapeutic Program. Compound 8g emerged as the best anti-proliferative candidate with mean GI% value equals 44. Accordingly, a cell viability assay (MTS) for 8g was applied on colorectal HCT-116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines as well as on the healthy HUVEC cells. Thereafter, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, cell cycle, TUNEL, and qRT-PCR, colony formation, and wound healing assays were applied to gain mechanistic insights and to understand the behavior of colorectal cancer cells upon the treatment of compound 8g. Also, a molecular docking analysis was conducted to provide in silico insights into the reported hCA IX inhibitory activity and selectivity.

Lemna trisulca L.: a novel phytoremediator for the removal of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) from aqueous media.

Several aquatic plant species have been proposed for phytoremediation of waters polluted with heavy metals and pesticides According to the limited information available, aquatic macrophytes also have a promising potential to remove NPs from aqueous media. Although there is considerable information on the remediation potential of Lemna spp., the capacity of Lemna trisulca seems to be neglected, particularly for nanoparticle removal. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of L. trisulca exposed to 3 different ZnO NP concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 ppm) for 1, 4, and 7 days in Hoagland solutions and the removal percentage were measured on each duration and compared among groups. The accumulated zinc levels were measured in whole plant material and bioconcentration factors were calculated for each group. In addition, the effect of ZnO NPs on the photosynthetic activity of the plant was evaluated via analyzing the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a and b) concentration. The removal percentage ranged between 9.3 and 72.9% and showed a gradual increase in all experimental groups based both on dose and test duration. The statistical comparisons of the removal percentage among the groups with or without the plant indicate that L. trisulca had a significant effect on removal rates particularly between 1st and 4th days of exposure, however, did not show any progress at 7th days. The only significant difference for chl-a and chl-b levels was observed in 10 ppm ZnO NP-exposed plants at 7th days.

A comparison of the removal efficiencies of Myriophyllum spicatum L. for zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) in different media: a microcosm approach.

The phytoremediation potential of Myriophyllum spicatum L. has been well documented for bulk-sized heavy metals, including zinc (Zn). However, there is no information on the removal efficiencies of this aquatic macrophyte for zinc oxide nanoparticles contaminated waters. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare the removal efficiency of M. spicatum in two different media: tap water and pond water. Results were evaluated by comparing percentage (%) removal and goodness-of-fit to regression models. Plants were exposed to 0.8 and 2 ppm nano-sized Zn for 1, 4, and 7 days. The zinc concentrations were monitored using ICP-MS. The %removal in tap water ranged between 29.5 and 70.3%, and slightly higher in pond water. Modeling results confirmed that there was a strong relationship between removal performance and exposure duration. Time-dependent removal shows that %removal shows no further progress after 4 days. Our results also indicate that planktonic communities in pond water might play an important role in the fate of ZnO NPs.

The Effects of Preoperative Fasting on Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fasting before surgery on patients undergoing thoracic surgery. DESIGN: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2017. METHODS: The study was carried out with 85 patients who underwent thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy, or rib resection in the thoracic surgery department of a university hospital. All patients started fasting midnight before day of surgery. Data were collected using a questionnaire, Visual Analog Patient Satisfaction Scale, and preoperative laboratory findings form. FINDINGS: The mean fasting hours of solids and clear fluids were 8 and 16, respectively, and the mean duration of preoperative fasting (POF) was 10.16 (SD = 1.67), total fasting time average was 28.09 (SD = 7.11). Total protein and albumin levels decreased, and glucose level increased after surgery. The difference between total protein, albumin, and glucose levels preoperatively and postoperatively was significant (P < .05). The difference between patient satisfaction and thirst was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). A positive correlation was found between POF and thirst (r = 0.450; P = .000), hunger (r = 0.402; P = .000), total protein (r = 0.508; P = .000), albumin (r = 0.537; P = .000), and glucose levels (r = 0.371; P = .000). CONCLUSIONS: POF had an adverse effect on thirst, hunger, and total protein as well as albumin and glucose levels.

Assessment of hypodontia in the Turkish patients referring to the orthodontic clinic: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in the permanent dentition in a sample of Turkish patients who referred to the Ankara Dental Hospital for orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pre-treatment orthodontic records of 2530 patients, 1382 girls (54.62%) and 1148 boys (45.38%) between the chronological ages of 7 and 16 years, were examined for evidence of hypodontia. The third molars were excluded in this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypodontia in the inspected population was 5% (3.05% for girls, 1.95% for boys). The average number of the congenitally missing teeth per patient was 2.03 (1.08 for girls, 0.95 for boys). The prevalence of the congenitally missing permanent teeth was 34% for the upper laterals, 30% for the lower second premolars, 12.5% for the upper second premolars and 23.5% for the other teeth. Most patients with hypodontia (84.9%) (57.13% for girls, 27.77% for boys) had got missing either one tooth (45.23%) or two teeth (39.67%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypodontia in girls was higher than in boys in this sample of the Turkish patients. The upper laterals and lower second premolars were consecutively the most symmetrically absent teeth. The prevalence of advanced hypodontia was lower than single and symmetrical hypodontia.