An innovative application developed to determine the blood output of chickens and its impact on the meat quality in poultry slaughtering.

Optimizing blood loss during the slaughtering process is crucial for obtaining high-quality meat, as the presence of meat blood can lead to a reduction in shelf life and negative sensory evaluation by consumers. Moreover, the high water and nutritional content of the meat, along with its appropriate pH value, necessitate careful consideration of the remaining blood, as it can support microbial spoilage of chicken meat. In this context the effects of making an extra cut on conventionally halal-slaughtered broiler's leg which had an extra cut at the cartilage point where the drumstick and the claw part meet, before the bloodletting process were analysed. The results of the analysis indicate that making an additional cut on the drumsticks does not adversely affect the overall quality of chicken meat. Determination of peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) analyses were performed to analyze the degree of lipid oxidation. The PV and the TBARS value were higher in the drumsticks which have extra cut compared to the uncut samples. L*, a*, and b* values of extra cut thigh meats are higher. However, considering the storage period, the ninth day values in the cut thigh meats were found to be lower than the first day results of the chickens drumsticks do not have an extra cut procedure. As the storage period of chicken drumsticks progressed, as expected, the L* value decreased, while a* value and b* value increased over time. As regards sexes of broilers, it was observed that the Pseudomonas spp of female broilers with extra cut in the cartilage tissue of their legs on d 1 was significantly higher than the male broilers. These findings suggest that this innovative method holds significant potential for widespread application.

Subwavelength perforated absorbers for infrared detectors.

This paper presents a detailed analysis examining the absorption performance of a metal-dielectric slab with subwavelength size periodic perforations exploiting quarter-wave impedance matching (QWIM) technique within long wave infrared (LWIR) regime (8-12µm). Integration of perforations to a simple stack with various period sizes and perforated area ratios are examined through theory, simulation, and measurements that are in great agreement. Advantages of perforated absorbers for thermal detectors are discussed in maximizing optical absorption and reducing thermal-mass point of view. Introducing perforation in umbrella type absorbers is mainly employed for reducing the thermal-mass while maintaining the high absorption performance. Within the scope, it is experimentally shown that a perforation ratio (width/period) of 50% with square holes for the umbrella layer is possible without degrading the maximum LWIR absorption performance of 96% when the sheet resistance of Rs=400Ω/□ is employed for the absorbing metal layer, which is close to free space impedance of 377Ω/□. Nevertheless, this ratio can be increased up to 77% by depositing a thicker absorber metal with smaller sheet resistance, such as Rs=100Ω/□ while still maintaining an average absorption performance of 93%, which are all predicted numerically by simulations and physically explained through effective medium approach (EMA).

Numerical and Experimental Investigation into LWIR Transmission Performance of Complementary Silicon Subwavelength Antireflection Grating (SWARG) Structures.

This paper presents a detailed comparison between the long wave infrared (LWIR) transmission performances of binary, silicon based, structurally complementary pillar and groove type antireflective gratings that can be used for wafer level vacuum packaging (WLVP) of uncooled microbolometer detectors. Both pillar and groove type gratings are designed with various topological configurations changing in various period sizes (Λ) from 1.0 µm to 2.0 µm, various heights/depths (h) from 0.8 µm to 1.8 µm, and various pillar/groove width-to-period (w/Λ) ratios from 0.6 to 1.0. The transmission performance of gratings is simulated with a hybrid simulation technique based on the modification of the reflection term within the Fresnel transmission equation, which combines both numerical and analytical approaches in a unique way for the first time in literature. Simulation results are experimentally verified with 19 different fabricated structures where a spectral agreement is achieved with an absolute root-mean-square (RMS) error less than 5.4% within the subwavelength (SW) regime, proving the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid technique. These results show first time in the literature that both pillar and groove type silicon based gratings present similar spectral IR transmission characteristics, and they are also structurally complementary when optimum configurations are employed to maximize the transmission.