The Effect of Ice Massage Applied to the SP6 Point on Labor Pain, Labor Comfort, Labor Duration, and Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Acupressure and cold application are nonpharmacologic methods that midwives can use for labor pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ice massage applied to the SP6 acupressure point during labor on labor pain, labor comfort, labor duration, and anxiety. METHODS: A single-masked, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 nulliparous women, including 50 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. Rotational ice massage was applied to the SP6 point on both legs of the pregnant women in the intervention group at 4 to 5 cm, 6 to 7 cm, and 8 to 9 cm dilation amounts during 3 contractions. Routine oxytocin was administered to all pregnant women to promote progress of labor. Standard midwifery care was provided to the control group. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a partograph form, the Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State subscale. RESULT: The VAS pain scores of the pregnant women in the intervention group were significantly lower compared with the control group following the intervention at dilatations of 4 to 5 cm, 6 to 7 cm, and 8 to 9 cm (P = .001, P = .003, P <.001, respectively). The total CCQ and comfort level scores of the pregnant women in the intervention group at 8 to 9 cm cervical dilatation were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.044, P = .027, respectively). Additionally, as the anxiety levels of the pregnant women increased, their total comfort scores decreased (P <.05). DISCUSSION: Ice application to the SP6 point during stage 1 of childbirth reduced labor pain, increased comfort, and reduced anxiety levels. No adverse events were found in the intervention group with ice massage applied to the SP6 point. Therefore, this method can be used as a safe and effective midwifery intervention in childbirth.

Removal of Erythrosine B dye from wastewater by Penicillium italicum: experimental, DFT, and molecular docking studies.

The study involved the adsorption of Erythrosine B onto the dead, dry, and unmodified Penicillium italicum cells and the analytical, visual, theoretical assessment of the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions. It also included desorption studies and reiterative usability of the adsorbent. The fungus was a local isolate and it was identified by partial proteomic experiment in a MALDI-TOFF mass spectrometer. Chemical features of the adsorbent surface were analysed by FT-IR and EDX. Surface topology was visualized by SEM. Isotherm parameters of the adsorption were determined by using three most frequently used models. Erythrosine B appeared to form a monolayer onto the biosorbent and some of the dye molecules could have also penetrated into the adsorbent particles. Kinetic results suggested a spontaneous and exothermic reaction taken place between the dye molecules and the biomaterial. Theoretical approach involved the determination of some of the quantum parameters as well as the toxic or drug potentials of the some of the components of the biomaterial.

Epichlorohydrin and tripolyphosphate-crosslinked chitosan-kaolin composite for Auramine O dye removal from aqueous solutions: Experimental study and DFT calculations.

Chitosan (Ch, a natural polymer) and kaolin (K, a natural mineral) composite (Ch-K) was produced with the help of two crosslinkers, epichlorohydrin and tripolyphosphate, and then moulded into uniform beads in tripolyphosphate solution. The synthesis was proved by the analyses involving FT-IR and SEM-EDX. The beads were then used as the natural adsorbent for removal of the auramine O (AO), a frequently-used industrial dye, in aqueous solutions. Adsorbent performance of the Ch-K composite for AO dye molecules was optimized: 500 mg L-1 at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. The Langmuir model found 0.118 mol kg-1 for the maximum adsorption capacity of the Ch-K and the D-R isotherm model showed that the nature of the adsorption process was physical. Kinetics of the adsorption could be explained by using both IPD (intraparticle diffusion) and PSO (pseudo second order) models. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the behaviour of the adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous. The activity of the composite adsorbent was recovered (88%) after the five sequential adsorption/desorption cycles. Supported by experimental findings, the results obtained from in silico modeling at M06-2X/6-31+G (d,p) level helped hypothesise a mechanism for the formation of the Ch-K composite, and shed some light onto the adsorption behaviour of AO dye by assuming several favourable intermolecular interactions.

Novel imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-based anticancer agents as potential focal adhesion kinase inhibitors: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives, characterize them with spectroscopical techniques and investigate for cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on glioma C6 cancer cell line. The in vitro anticancer activities were also investigated against focal adhesion kinase. Most of the compounds, particularly the derivatives carrying 3-oxo-1-tiya-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane moiety, exhibited higher or comparable activities in comparison with the reference drug, cisplatin. Compounds with methyl, propyl, phenyl moieties at the eighth and second position of the spirothiazolidinone ring showed high FAK inhibitory activities. In addition, molecular docking studies shed light on the binding modes of the synthesized compounds. The critical interactions with amino acid residues located in the active site were revealed. The results obtained from both biological assay data and computational results might provide insight into developing new inhibitors against focal adhesion kinase.

Effect of Focusing on Maryam's Flower During the First Stage of the Labor on the Labor Pain, Labor Duration, and Levels of Comfort and Satisfaction.

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with an intervention group (n = 61) and a control group (n = 63) consisting of primipara pregnant women. The pregnant women in the intervention group were asked to focus their attention on Maryam's flower opening its leaf buds and imagine the labor's progress during the course of their labor. The VAS was administered to each group at specific times (at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, 8-9 cm cervical dilatation) to determine their level of labor pain. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups' mean pain scores at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-9 cm cervical dilatation (p < .05). The labor duration of the pregnant women in the intervention group was significantly shorter than that of the pregnant women in the control group (p = .017). The physical comfort level of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 8-9 cm cervical dilatation (p = .039).

The Effect of Perineal Warm Application on Perineal Pain, Perineal Integrity, and Postpartum Comfort in the Second Stage of Labor: Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Protection of perineum and reduction of perineal pain is important in the second stage of labor. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of perineal warm application on perineal pain, perineal integrity, and postnatal comfort in the second stage of labor. METHODS: A single blind randomized and controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 100 primiparous pregnant women in the warm application (n = 50) and control groups (n = 50). The warm application group was given a damp and warm application to the perineal region during the second stage of labor and only the standard midwifery care was given to the control group. Pregnant Introductory Form was used in the collection of data. Perineal pain level was measured prior to and after the intervention, after delivery, and 2 h from delivery by means of Visual Analogue Scale. In the postpartum period, the perineal condition was evaluated by the midwife with Questionnaire to Determine the Perineal Condition. Two hours from the delivery, Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire was used to determine the comfort level of the women. RESULTS: It was found that there was a decrease in the pain levels of the warm application group compared to pre-intervention pain levels (p < 0.0001). When the warm application and control groups were compared, we found statistically significant differences between the pain levels immediately after the intervention (perineal pain: 8.54 ± 1.38 vs. 9.56 ± 0.57, p < 0.0001), after delivery (perineal pain: 2.20 ± 1.72 vs. 3.64 ± 2.07, p < 0.0001), and 2 h after delivery (perineal pain: 0.30 ± 0.78 vs. 0.68 ± 0.98, p = 0.028). In the study, the intactness of perineum was found to be significantly higher in the warm application group compared to the control group (p = 0.003). The suture need for perinea was significantly higher in the control group than in the warm application group (p = 0.016). In the study, the physical comfort level of the warm application group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (56.06 ± 4.61 vs. 54.30 ± 4.73, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: In the second stage of labor, it was found that the application of warmth decreases perineal pain, maintains the perineal integrity, and improves postpartum comfort.

A Novel Isolate (S15) of Streptomyces griseobrunneus Produces 1-Dodecanol.

One-dodecanol was identified to be the predominant secondary metabolite of a novel isolate (S15) of Streptomyces griseobrunneus. For its demonstration, secondary metabolite extracts were electrophoresed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A yellowish unique band was then cut out from the gel and its metabolite content was eluted in n-butanol. GC-MS analysis indicated that more than 93% of the of the elution material were 1-dodecanol. The compound was further characterized by FTIR and 13C NMR analyses. Dendrogram built on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate S15 was a member of Streptomyces griseobrunneus.

Comportamentos de estilo de vida saudável de estudantes universitários e fatores relacionados / Comportamientos de estilo de vida saludable de estudiantes universitarios y factores relacionados / Healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students and related factors

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar comportamentos saudáveis de estilo de vida de estudantes universitários e fatores relacionados. Métodos: Projetado para usar o método de amostragem descritivo e estratificado, o estudo incluiu 2.100 estudantes nos departamentos de Ciências da Saúde, Ciências, Ciências Sociais e Ciências da Educação da Sakarya University, Turquia. O estudo foi realizado entre maio e dezembro de 2015. Foram coletados dados que incluem características sociodemográficas e Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II). O teste U de Mann Whitney, o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e a correlação de classificação de Spearman foram utilizados para a análise dos dados. Resultados: O escore mediano dos alunos do HLBS II foi de 2,42 e, para as subdimensões, o escore mediano foi de 2,22 para a responsabilidade em saúde (RS), 2,12 para atividade física (AF), 2,22 para nutrição (N), 2,77 para desenvolvimento espiritual (DE), 2,77 para relacionamento interpessoal (RI) e 2,37 para gerenciamento de estresse (GE). Observou-se que sexo, idade, renda, escolaridade, tabagismo, hábitos nutricionais, índice de massa corporal, participação em cursos relacionados à saúde afetam comportamentos de estilo de vida saudáveis. Conclusão: Observou-se que os alunos apresentaram comportamentos menos responsáveis em relação à atividade física, responsabilidade à saúde e hábitos nutricionais. Para proteger e melhorar a saúde dos alunos, pode ser útil tornar obrigatórios os cursos de promoção da saúde no currículo de todos os departamentos da universidade.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar comportamientos saludables de estilo de vida de estudiantes universitarios y factores relacionados. Métodos: El estudio, diseñado para usar el método de muestreo descriptivo y estratificado, incluyó 2.100 estudiantes de los departamentos de Ciencias de la Salud, Ciencias, Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias de la Educación de la Sakarya University, Turquía. El estudio fue realizado entre mayo y diciembre de 2015. Se recolectaron datos que incluyeron características sociodemográficas y Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II). Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la correlación de clasificación de Spearman. Resultados: La puntuación mediana de los alumnos en el HLBS II fue 2,42 y, en las subdimensiones, la puntuación mediana fue 2,22 en responsabilidad en salud (RS), 2,12 en actividad física (AF), 2,22 en nutrición (N), 2,77 en desarrollo espiritual (DE), 2,77 en relaciones interpersonales (IR) y 2,37 en manejo del estrés (ME). Se observó que el sexo, la edad, los ingresos, la escolaridad, el tabaquismo, los hábitos nutricionales, el índice de masa corporal y la participación en cursos relacionados con la salud afectan comportamientos saludables de estilo de vida. Conclusión: Se observó que los alumnos presentan comportamientos menos responsables con relación a la actividad física, la responsabilidad en salud y los hábitos nutricionales. Para proteger y mejorar la salud de los alumnos, puede ser útil hacer obligatorios los cursos de promoción de la salud en el diseño curricular de todos los departamentos de la universidad.

Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to determine healthy lifestyle behaviors of university students and related factors. Methods: Designed to use the descriptive and stratified sampling method, the study included 2100 students studying in the departments of Health Sciences, Science, Social Sciences, and Educational Sciences at Sakarya University, Turkey. The study was conducted between May 2015 and December 2015. Data including socio-demographic characteristics and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) were collected. The Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rank correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The median score of the students on the HLBS II was 2.42 and for the sub-dimensions, the median score was 2.22 for the health responsibility (HR), 2.12 for physical activity (PA), 2.22 for nutrition (N), 2.77 for spiritual development (SD), 2.77 for interpersonal relationships (IR), and 2.37 for stress management (SM). It was observed that gender, age, income, grade level, smoking, nutritional habits, body mass index, attending courses related to health effect healthy lifestyle behaviors. Conclusion: It was observed that students showed the least responsible behaviors with regards to physical activity, health responsibility, and nutritional habits. In order to protect and improve the health of students, it may be useful to make health promotion courses compulsory in the curriculum of all departments in the university.

Probiotic Properties of a Lactobacillus fermentum Isolated from New-born Faeces.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been demonstrated to have roles in many applications, ranging from lowering of cholesterol to immunological development. In this study, Lactobacillus fermentum was isolated from a new-born's faeces and its genotypic and probiotic characterizations were performed. Our results showed that the survival rate of isolated Lactobacillus fermentum was 39.39% at pH 2 and 81.34% in the stimulated gastric juice at pH 3. It also digested bile salts. Its surface hydrophobicity was found to be 57.59% in n-hexane. These findings indicated that the isolate can be a good probiotic candidate.

Molecular Typing of Different Salmonella Serotypes by Multiple-Locus Analysis of Tandem Repeats.

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica causes salmonellosis in humans and animals and is an important cause of food infections worldwide. In recent years, the multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), a fast molecular typing method with strong epidemiological discrimination, has facilitated the effective control of diverse infections. This study aimed at the typing of 28 human origined Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella infantis, and Salmonella typhimurium strains by using a single MLVA protocol. Previously these strains have been identified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method and it has been shown that each strain produced a distinct PFGE banding profile. One MLVA protocol was tested on 3 serotypes simultaneously and it produced three banding patterns specific to each of the three common Salmonella serotypes. MLVA also constitute a relatively more cost-effective and faster method than PFGE.

Esterification of Fructose-oleic Acid by tert-Butanol/Dimethyl Sulfoxide and by 2-Methyl-2-butanol/Dimethyl Sulfoxide.

In this study two different strategy were followed to obtain a D-fructose-oleic acid ester. One of the strategies has been well established enzymatic synthesis of an ester bond. The other strategy excluded the biocatalyst and only used a mixture of two organic solvents as the reaction media, 2-methyl-2-butanol / dimethyl sulfoxide or tert-butanol / dimethyl sulfoxide for the production of D-fructose-oleic acid ester. Ester products obtained were characterised by using FT-IR, NMR, by MS. Product yield was also assessed by HPLC. Results of structural analyses and yield measurement indicated that two approaches produced almost identical ester products.

Secondary Metabolites of an of Streptomyces griseorubens Isolate Are Predominantly Pyrrole- and Linoleic-acid like Compounds.

The study involved the isolation and identification of a member of Streptomyces griseorubens and the identification of its secondary metabolite content. Two extract samples were prepared by using butanol and chloroform. In the analyses of the extracts TLC, FT-IR, and GC-MS were employed. Butanol extract appeared to be dominated by three different pyrrole compounds (43.59%), while two fatty acids, linoleic- and erucic acids, were the most abundant secondary metabolites in the chloroform extract, 27.57% and 12.34%, respectively. Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-compound was represented by a single and distinct band on the thin layer chromatography plate. In GC-MS spectra, it also constituted 13.50% of the butanol extract.

Synthesis of Ribose - Oleic Acid Esters in the Presence- and Absence of Candida antarctica Lipase B.

D-ribose-oleic acid esters were produced with or without a biocatalyst, using in the same organic media, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): tert-butanol (TBU) or 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B). The yield of the ester product was above 90% in both of the reactions. The biocatalyst used was lipase B of Candida antarctica. Molecular characterization was performed by using all the analytical methods available: IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, HSQC, and ESI-MS.

D-Glucose-fatty Acid Ester Synthesis with or without a Biocatalyst in the Same Organic Media.

Esterification of D-glucose with oleic- and palmitic acids were carried out in the absence and presence of a biocatalyst, Candida antarctica lipase. The reaction medium was a mixture of dimethyl sulphoxide and tert-butanol (1:4, v/v). The reaction products were analysed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, HSQC, and by ESI-MS. Results indicated that the ester products formed were 6-O-glucose oleate and 6-O-glucose palmitate both in the absence and in the presence of the biocatalyst, with yields above 90%.

Sakarya University students' fat phobia levels and attitudes towards obese individuals and their correlation with healthy lifestyle behaviours: Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fat phobia levels and attitudes towards obese person among university students to determine their correlation with healthy lifestyle behaviour. METHODS: The knowledge, attitude and practice study was conducted at Sakarya University, Turkey, between May and December 2015, and comprised students of either gender. Data was collected by using the socio-demographic form, fat phobia scale, attitudes toward obese persons scale, and health-promoting lifestyle profile II scale. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 2100 students, 1056(50.3%) were male and 2067(98.4%) were in the 17-26 years age group. The mean fat phobia scale score was 3.72±0.63and mean attitudes toward obese persons scale score was 59.95±0.63. Relationship between fat phobia scale, attitudes toward obese persons scale, and health-promoting lifestyle profile II scale scores was significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fatphobia moderately existed among the students.

Production, purification, and characterization of metalloprotease from Candida kefyr 41 PSB.

A thermostable metalloprotease, produced from an environmental strain of Candida kefyr 41 PSB, was purified 16 fold with a 60% yield by cold ethanol precipitation and affinity chromatography (bentonite-acrylamide-cysteine microcomposite). The purified enzyme appeared as a single protein band at 43kDa. Its optimum pH and temperature points were found to be 7.0 and 105°C, respectively. Km and Vmax values of the enzyme were determined to be 3.5mg/mL and 4.4µmolmL-1min-1, 1.65mg/mL and 6.1µmolmL-1min-1, using casein and gelatine as the substrates, respectively. The activity was inhibited by using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating that the enzyme was a metalloprotease. Stability of the enzyme was investigated by using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. The thermal inactivation profile of the enzyme conformed to the first order kinetics. The half life of the enzyme at 95, 105, 115, 125 and 135°C was 1310, 610, 220, 150, and 86min, respectively.

Characterization of thermostable ß-amylase isozymes from Lactobacillus fermentum.

A strain of Lactobacillus fermentum producing two isozymes of a 20kDa ß-amylase was isolated from the faecal sample of a newborn. The starin was identified by sequencing its 16S rRNA gene. The two ß-amylase isozymes were resolved and visualized by two dimensional protein gel electrophoresis (2-D gel electrophoresis). Some of the physical and biochemical properties of the enzymes were characterized. The ß-amylase displayed two optimum pH s, 5.0 and 10.0 and two optimum temperatures, 45°C and 37°C, respectively. The isozymes hydrolyzed different substrates: glycogen at pH 5.0, and corn starch at pH 10.0. The activity did not require Ca2+, though the activity at pH 10.0 was enhanced in the presence of 5.0mM and 10.0mM CaCl2, 110% and 130%, respectively.

Metal concentrations of wild edible mushrooms from Turkey.

In the present study, the contents of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Al, Ca, Mg, and K in Agaricus campestris, Agrocybe cylindracea, Collybia dryophila, Helvella leucopus, Russula delica, Tricholoma auratum, Amanita ovoidea, Melanoleuca excissa, Rhizopogon roseolus, Russula chloroides, Volvoriella gloiocephala, Lyophyllum decastes, Morcella angusticeps, Morchella esculenta and Morcella eximia collected from Isparta, Mugla, and Osmaniye provinces (Turkey) were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. The intake of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and other metals (Fe, Cu, Zn) by consumption of 30 g dry weight of mushrooms daily poses no risk at all except in A. cylindracea and H. leucopus (for Cd) for the consumer.

An intraluminal leiomyoma of the small intestine causing invagination and obstruction: a case report.

Leiomyomas are mostly of benign character and are rarely seen in the gastrointestinal (GI) system. They represent one subgroup of a group of tumors known as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Although rarely seen, they are symptomatic tumors, and they comprise 20-30 percent of all benign GI tumors. Diagnosis is difficult because of their rarity and the absence of specific symptoms. This is a case report of intestinal leiomyoma in a patient who was suffering with GI obstruction for more than 5 months. The tumor was discovered only after the appearance of intestinal obstruction. The patient underwent laparotomy for ileus of unknown etiology. Leiomyoma was diagnosed by pathologic analysis.