Myxofibrosarcoma involving the sciatic nerve: From ultrasonography to histopathology.

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a unique soft tissue (fibroblastic) sarcoma, characterized by malignant with a locally infiltrative behavior. In this case image, we aimed to report an uncommon/challenging scenario of MFS involving the scatic nerve in which the potential contribution of ultrasound examination has been touched upon.

A rare case presentation of septic sacroiliitis caused by staphylococcus xylosus and complicated with abscess formation: A case report.

Septic sacroiliitis is one of the infectious causes of sacroiliitis and it is seen rarely. In current literature, cases of septic sacroiliitis caused by several microorganisms have been reported so far. This case report presents the first case of septic sacroiliitis caused by Staphylococcus xylosus and also complicated with an abscess formation.

Sciatic neurotmesis and periostitis ossificans progressiva due to a traumatic/unexpected glass injury: a case report.

Peripheral nerves may be affected or injured for several reasons. Peripheral nerve damage can result from trauma, surgery, anatomical abnormalities, entrapment, systemic diseases, or iatrogenic injuries. Trauma and iatrogenic injuries are the most common causes. The ulnar, median, and radial nerves are the most injured nerves in the upper extremities, while the sciatic and peroneal nerves are the most injured nerves in the lower extremities. The clinical symptoms of peripheral nerve damage include pain, weakness, numbness/tingling, and paresthesia. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of peripheral nerve injuries are crucial. If a peripheral nerve injury is left untreated, it can lead to severe complications and significant morbidity. The sciatic nerve is one of the most affected nerves. This nerve is generally injured by trauma and iatrogenic causes. Children are more susceptible to trauma than adults. Therefore, sciatic nerve injuries are observed in pediatric patients. When the sciatic nerve is damaged, pain, weakness, sensory loss, and gait disturbances can occur. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of sciatic nerve injuries are important to avoid unexpected consequences. Ultrasound can play an important role in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury and the follow-up of patients. The aim of this case report is twofold. First, we aimed to emphasize the critical role of ultrasonographic evaluation in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies. Second, we aimed to present this case, which has distinguishing features, such as the existence of periostitis ossificans progressiva with sciatic neurotmesis due to a traumatic glass injury.

Congenital lateral encephalocele-case report.

Encephalocele is a congenital anomaly where intracranial neural structures extrude from the cranium through a bony and/or a dural defect. They are generally located at the midline and can be diagnosed via prenatal ultrasonography (USG). A very limited number of cases have been reported in the literature about lateral encephalocele. In this paper, the authors present a case with congenital lateral encephalocele which was subsequently operated.

Spontaneous Idiopathic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is described as cerebrospinal fluid flow through the nose due to the abnormal connection of the subarachnoid space and sinonasal cavity. Spontaneous idiopathic rhinorrhea is a rarely seen disease. Besides the patient's clinical presentation detailed radiological evaluation and other invasive procedures must be carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Its treatment is compelling due to high recurrence rates. In the treatment algorithm when conservative treatment modalities had been proven inadequate, surgical repair must follow in order. In this paper the authors present the details of 2 cases of spontaneous rhinorrhoea patients.

Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole-5-on derivatives and determination of carbonic anhydrase II isoenzyme inhibition effects.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) II plays major roles in pH regulation of body, protection of electrolyte balance, transportation of water and some metabolic pathways. Therefore, CA II inhibitors are very important molecules for drug design and have many pharmacological applications. CA II as a target molecule is also important for eliminating some pathological conditions such as glaucoma, cancer, epilepsy, ulcer and obesity. In this study, some 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and CA II inhibition potentials of these molecules were examined. It has been found that molecule 7c was the most potent inhibitor with the lowest IC50 value at micromolar level among the examined molecules. The inhibition in the range of 18.41-64.97% was seen in the presence of newly synthesized molecules at their reachable maximum concentration in the reaction mixtures. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition mechanism of compound 7c on carbonic anhydrase activity was reversible and uncompetitive. Molecular docking studies also indicated that compound 7c could bind to the active site of the enzyme by weakly interacting with especially Gln102, Leu240, Ala241 and Trp243. ADME properties of these newly synthesized (3a-e, 6, 7a-e) were also studied and showed good oral drug candidate like properties.

A new multipartite plate system for anterior cervical spine surgery; finite element analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are numerous available plates, almost all of which are compact one-piece plates. During the placement of relatively long plates in the treatment of multi-level cervical pathologies, instrument related complications might appear. In order to overcome this potential problem, a novel 'articulated plate system' is designed. We aimed to delineate finite element analysis and mechanical evaluations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A new plate system consisting of multi partite structure for anterior cervical stabilization was designed. Segmental plates were designed for application onto the ventral surface of the vertebral body. Plates differed from 9 to13 mm in length. There are rods at one end and hooks at the other end. Terminal points consisted of either hooks or rods at one end but the other ends are blind. Finite element and mechanical tests of the construct were performed applying bending, axial loading, and distraction forces. RESULTS: Finite element and mechanical testing results yielded the cut off values for functional failure and breakage of the system. CONCLUSIONS: The articulated system proved to be mechanically safe and it lets extension of the system on either side as needed. Ease of application needs further verification via a cadaveric study.

Atretic cephaloceles: a comprehensive analysis of historical cohort.

PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the historical cohort of patients with atretic cephaloceles (ACs) comprehensively, since the literature regarding ACs is limited by small case series or case reports and to report a new venous anomaly concomitant with a parietal AC in our exemplary case. METHODS: After a PubMed/Medline search with "atretic cephalocele" in April 2016, we retrieved 42 articles, 41 of which were relevant with the topic. Full texts of accessible articles and abstracts of inaccessible articles were read comprehensively. References of retrieved articles were manually searched. Additional 29 articles reporting the cases of atretic, rudimentary, occult, or sequestered cephaloceles were accessed, since these terms have been used interchangeably in the literature. RESULTS: Median age and mean age of the patients were 1 and 6.69 years, respectively. Female/male ratio was 1.03:1. Atretic cephaloceles were located in different regions, in decreasing order of frequency: parietal (55 %; n = 105), occipital (37 %; n = 71), parieto-occipital (n = 8), frontal (n = 4), asterion (n = 1), and sincipital (n = 1). Concomitant central nervous system (CNS) anomalies were present in 73.3 % of patients with parietal atretic cephaloceles and in 32.4 % of patients with occipital atretic cephaloceles (p < 0.0001). We realized that all patients with worse outcomes had concomitant CNS anomalies (100 %), whereas only 48 % of those with good clinical outcomes had concomitant anomalies (p = 0.0248). CONCLUSIONS: Atretic cephaloceles present as nodular extrusions on the parietal and occipital regions. Concomitant CNS anomalies, which impair the clinical outcomes, are more common in patients with parietal ACs. Observation-only approach is enough in patients with asymptomatic ACs. However, life-long follow-ups are required, because of recurrence after the surgery.

Demographical Aspects of Central Large Lumbar Disc Herniation.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of the central large disc herniations and to compare the demographic data between central mass prolapse and broad-based central disc herniation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 2007, 1630 patients underwent surgery and a large disc herniation was the main problem in 59 patients (3.6%). We performed a retrospective analysis of the demographic data of these patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were evaluated according to the disc type and level. Variables were evaluated both at baseline and follow-up, with special emphasis on physical job characteristics, sports activities, and MR - based morphologic findings. RESULTS: Central large disc herniation was diagnosed in 59 patients consisting of 41 males and 18 females. The average age was 34.7 years. 36 patients had a central mass prolapse that occupied more than 50% of the spinal canal. Intraoperative observations confirmed that 29 out of 36 central disc prolapse patients (80.5%) had intact posterior longitudinal ligaments. Interestingly, the condition in these 29 patients was found to have a direct relation with age and occupation or other body training sports activities. CONCLUSION: The size of the large central disc herniation, physical activity, age and gender are major factors in the development of disc herniation.

Is back pain a diagnostic problem in clinical practices? A rare case report.

Multiple thoracic disc herniations are rare, and few reports exist in the literature. Diagnosis of these herniations is often missed because of their lack of specific clinical presentation. They may be treated conservatively or surgically. We presented a 35-year-old woman with five contiguous level thoracic disc herniations. She was admitted with upper back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed disc herniations at levels T6-7, T7-8, T8-9, T9-10 and T10-11. All were left sided and on the same line in the sagittal plane. The patient underwent conservative treatment. This report presented an unusual case and discussed its mechanisms.