RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the role of KRAS/BRAF gene mutation in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 26 OSCC patients (23 males, 3 females; mean age 60 years; range 41 to 77 years) diagnosed between January 2003 and November 2013 were included in the study. The methods used in our study were quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for KRAS/BRAF mutation analysis. RESULTS: Ten of the tumors were located at the tongue base, 12 in the tonsil and four at the floor of mouth. The mean tumor size was 3.8 cm. Six of the tumors were well differentiated, 18 were moderately differentiated and two were poorly differentiated. All cases were analyzed for KRAS and BRAF gene mutations and none of them showed gene mutations. CONCLUSION: We could not find any relation between OSCC and KRAS/BRAF gene mutations in our short case file. The role of mutations should be analyzed in larger series in OSCC to predict new targeted therapy modalities.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Esophageal perforation (EP) is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition with considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite many advances in thoracic surgery, the management of patients with EP is still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients treated for EP, 62% male, mean age 53.9 years. Sixty-two percent of the EPs were iatrogenic. Spontaneous and traumatic EP rates were 26% and 6%, respectively. Three patients had EP in the cervical esophagus and 31 in the thoracic esophagus. RESULTS: Mean time to initial treatment was 34.2 hours. Twenty patients comprised the early group <24 h) and 14 patients the late group (>24 h). Management of the EP included primary closure in 30 patients, non-surgical treatment in two, stent in one and resection in one. Mortality occurred in nine of the 34 patients (26%). Mortality was EP-related in four patients. Three of the nine patients that died were in the early group (p<0.05). Mean hospital stay was 13.4 days. CONCLUSION: EP remains a potentially fatal condition and requires early diagnosis and accurate treatment to prevent the morbidity and mortality.
