Altered blood parameters in "major depression" patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy: a randomized case-control study.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that includes depressive mood. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a therapy method used in the treatment of MDD. The purpose of this study was to assess neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress levels in MDD patients and evaluate the changes in these parameters as a result of rTMS therapy. Twenty-five patients with MDD and twenty-six healthy volunteers with the same demographic characteristics were included in the study. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors were measured photometrically with commercial kits. Oxidative stress parameters were measured by the photometric method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) levels were calculated with mathematical formulas. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) antioxidant parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and allopregnanolone (ALLO) levels were reduced in pre-rTMS with regard to the healthy control group; TOS, OSI, DIS, and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) levels were increased statistically significantly (p < 0.01). Moreover, owing to TMS treatment; TAS, TT, NT, BDNF, GDNF, and ALLO levels were increased compared to pre-rTMS, while DIS, TOS, OSI, and S100B levels were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The rTMS treatment reduces oxidative stress and restores thiol-disulfide balance in MDD patients. Additionally, rTMS modulates neurotrophic factors and neuroactive steroids, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant therapy. The changes in the biomarkers evaluated may help determine a more specific approach to treating MDD with rTMS therapy.

Thymoquinone oxime synthesis and its effects on melanoma cells: cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic evaluation.

Strong evidence supports the anticancer properties of natural plant product isolates. The cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic properties of an oxime derivative of thymoquinone (TQ) in melanoma cancer cells were investigated. The structure of TQ-Oxime was elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance, and its effect on B16F10 and L929 cell lines was assessed using a luminometric adenosine triphosphate assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) were quantified via fluorometry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using flow cytometry, glutathione (GSH) levels were measured using a luminometric GSH/oxidized glutathione assay, DNA damage via comet assay, and apoptosis was detected using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Concentrations (0.5-20 µM) of TQ-Oxime significantly increased cytotoxicity, DNA damage, apoptosis, and iROS, in a concentration-dependent manner compared (p < 0.001). In addition, MMP and GSH levels decreased significantly with increasing concentrations compared with the control (p < 0.001). Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic potential of TQ and its derivatives in cancer treatment.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The prevalence of PCOS is increasing worldwide. Although the etiology of this disease is currently unknown, it is thought to be closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Our study aimed to compare patients with PCOS to healthy volunteers and assess the changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in these patients. Methods: Thirty patients between the ages of 18-45 diagnosed with PCOS and 30 healthy volunteers with the same demographic characteristics were included in this study. Clinical parameters were measured using immunoassays. Oxidative stress biomarkers, total oxidant (TOS), total antioxidant (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) levels were measured using photometric methods according to Erel's method. The dynamic disulfide level (DIS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated using mathematical equations. Among the inflammatory parameters, values for interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured photometrically using commercially purchased kits. Results: Moreover, TT and NT levels were lower in patients with PCOS compared to those in the healthy group statistically significantly (P<0.001). In addition, TAS, TOS, OSI, DIS, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were identified to be significantly higher in the patients with PCOS than those in the healthy group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Evaluation of oxidative stress and clinical parameters used in the follow-up may be beneficial for the disease.

The role of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in pre- and postoperative monitoring of prostate cancer patients.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate Cancer (PC) is a global health concern affecting men worldwide. Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to the initiation of early-stage PC lesions. Additionally, inflammation has long been acknowledged as a factor in the development of PC. We aimed to examine the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in PC patients before and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital. A total of 150 individuals were included in the study, divided into five groups: 50 Healthy controls, 25 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), 25 patients with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer (LRPC), 25 patients with Medium-Risk Prostate Cancer (MRPC), and 25 patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer (HRPC). Measurements of Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Thiol (TT), and Native Thiol (NT) were performed using photometric methods. Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) and Disulfide (DIS) levels were calculated mathematically. Levels of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Presepsin were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS: Compared to the healthy control group, the results indicated a statistically significant increase in both oxidative stress and inflammation levels. In the groups receiving both pharmaceutical therapy and surgical treatment (PC), a significant decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation levels was observed. CONCLUSION: Consequently, it is suggested that the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers should be incorporated in the pre- and postoperative monitoring of patients with PC.

Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) levels are found to be statistically lower in all PC groups, indicating a correlation between oxidative stress and the progression of PC.Levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) were found to be higher before and after surgery in PC groups, and their variation correlated with tumor grade and size.Post-surgery, a decrease in presepsin levels is associated with a reduced likelihood of sepsis in PC patients.Reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation levels postoperatively suggest the effectiveness of surgical intervention in mitigating these factors.The potential for personalized medicine to decrease PC mortality is highlighted by better understanding the functional relationship coordinating inflammatory signatures in the tumor microenvironment.

Beneficial effects of vitamin B12 treatment in pediatric patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency regarding total-native thiol, oxidative stress, and mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage.

Vitamin B12 is involved in biochemical metabolic pathways. B12 deficiency is common in childhood when the need for the vitamin increases and growth and development occur. Various hematological, neurological, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal disorders are observed in its deficiency. In addition, B12 deficiency is associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate oxidative stress, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, and DNA damage pre and post-treatment in children diagnosed with B12 deficiency. A total of 40 children with B12 deficiency were included in the study after the consent form was approved. Blood was drawn from children pre and posttreatment. Hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and red blood cells (RBC) were measured by autoanalyzer; total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) were measured by the photometric method, and DNA damage was analyzed by the comet assay method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) values were calculated. As a result of the experiments, HGB, HCT, and RBC increased with treatment. While TAS, TT, and NT as antioxidant parameters increased; TOS, OSI, and DIS decreased with treatment compared to pretreatment. DNA damage was also found to decrease with treatment. Additionally, these data were statistically significant (p < 0.001). It was found that oxidative stress and DNA damage decreased with oral B12 treatment in children with B12 deficiency, and clinical parameters were also improved.

Hydrogen-bond-driven supramolecular helical assembly of a coumarin-substituted phthalonitrile derivative: synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Phthalonitrile derivatives are generally reported to crystallize in space groups P21/c and P1 in the literature. In this study, 7-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-3-pentylcoumarin (2) and its phthalonitrile derivative (2d) were crystallized; 2d crystallized in the rare trigonal space group R3. In the phthalonitrile derivative (2d), weak C-H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions promoted the formation of supramolecular double helices, and these supramolecular P and M double helices came together to form a honeycomb-like architectural motif involving one-dimensional tubular channels. In silico molecular-docking studies were performed to support the experimental processes and the results agree with each other. In vitro studies of compounds 2 and 2d were performed in LoVo colorectal adenocarcinoma and CCD18Co healthy human cell lines using flow cytometry. For compounds 2 and 2d, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in both early and late apoptosis with respect to the control in a dose-dependent manner.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers Pre and Post-Treatment in New Diagnosed Atherosclerotic Patients.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Our study included 45 patients ages of 40-60 and 45 healthy volunteers with similar demographic characteristics without any chronic disease as well. Fasting plasma glucose, BUN, creatinine, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HbA1c, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured using commercial kits by autoanalyzer. The oxidative stress biomarkers total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase (PON1), and arylesterase (ARES) enzyme activities were measured using photometric methods. The inflammatory biomarkers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), presepsin (PSPN), and raftlin (RFTN1) levels were measured with ELISA Kits. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) were calculated. The clinical, biochemical biomarkers such as BUN, creatinine, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and CRP levels were found to be higher than the control group and lower post-treatment compared to the pre-treatment group (p <0.001). The oxidative stress parameters, TOS, OSI, and DIS levels were found to be higher than the control group, and the levels before the treatment were statistically significantly higher than after the treatment (p < 0.001). Antioxidant biomarkers TAS, TT, and NT levels were low in the patient group. Inflammatory biomarkers were highest before treatment and decreased with treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation, which increased in atherosclerosis patients may guide disease prognosis and treatment strategies.