Implications of obstructive sleep apnea on reproductive health: a study on anti-Mullerian hormone levels.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the association between anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed to evaluate AMH levels in 68 premenopausal women diagnosed with OSA at Van Yüzüncü Yil University Faculty of Medicine. OSA severity was scored according to the 2018 AASM guidelines using a 16-channel Embla device. AMH levels were measured from blood samples using a commercially available kit. RESULTS: The study found that AMH levels in OSA patients were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group. A statistically significant negative correlation between AMH and AHI levels was observed. When stratified by OSA severity, the lowest AMH levels were found in the severe OSA group. CONCLUSION: OSA may have potential endocrine implications, especially concerning reproductive health. Decreased AMH levels in OSA patients could indicate future risks of infertility or early menopause.

Corneal parameters, ocular biometers, and retinal and choroidal thickness in acromegaly patients.

BACKGROUND: To compare ocular findings of acromegaly patients with healthy individuals and investigate the relation of serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) along with growth hormone (GH) and pituitary tumor (adenoma) dimensions (TD) with specific ocular parameters. METHODS: The ocular parameters of acromegaly patients (n = 38) were compared with those of healthy subjects (n = 36). These parameters were intraocular pressure, keratometric (K1-K2) values, central corneal thickness (CCT), total axial length along with anterior chamber-lens-vitreous length, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, central foveal thickness (CFT), choroidal thickness (CT), ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT), and inner plexiform layer thickness (IPLT). Also investigated was whether there was a correlation between disease duration, TD, GH, IGF-I, CCT, RNFL, CFT, GCLT, IPLT, and CT. RESULTS: The lens length of the acromegaly group was increased (p = 0.014). GH and IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with CT and CCT, respectively (p = 0.041, r = 0.343) (p = 0.03, r = 0.347). Analysis of TD also found a highly negative correlation with the mean RNFL thickness of the acromegaly patients (p < 0.01, r = -0.603). The mean value of the inner parts of GCLT and IPLT was negatively correlated with TD (p = 0.041, r = -0.343 and p = 0.025, r = -0.379, respectively). CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-1 and GH levels might be determinant factors in CCT and CT, respectively. The pituitary adenoma size increasing may be prone to lead RNFL, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer thinning. Increased lens thickness was found in the acromegaly group.

Cerebral perfusion in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary study with MR perfusion.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with altered cerebral vasoreactivity, cognitive impairment, and functional decline. Magnetic Resonance (MR) perfusion can be used to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF). The aim of this study is to analyze the association between diabetes mellitus and cerebral perfusion. METHODS: The study included 52 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 39 healthy individuals. The diabetic patients were classified into three groups (PRP: proliferative retinopathy, NPRP: non-proliferative retinopathy, Non-RP: non-retinopathy DM). The rCBF measurements of cortical gray matter and thalami were carried out using the region of interest. Reference quantitative measurements were performed from ipsilateral white matter. RESULTS: The comparison between the T2DM group and the control group revealed that rCBF values of bilateral frontal lobes, cingulate gyrus, medial temporal lobe, thalami and right occipital lobe were measured to be significantly lower in the T2DM group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of rCBF values of the left occipital lobe and anterior aspect of the left temporal lobe (p > 0.05). The rCBF values were lower in the anterior aspect of the right temporal lobe and the difference showed borderline statistical significance (p = 0.058). No significant difference was detected regarding mean rCBF values measured in the regions of cerebral hemispheres among the three patient groups with T2DM (p˃0.05). CONCLUSION: Regional hypoperfusion was encountered in most of the lobes in the T2DM group when compared with the healthy group. However, in terms of rCBF values, there was no significant difference among the three groups with T2DM.

Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density Measurements in Patients with Kidney Transplant.

Histological evidence of osteodystrophy and osteopenia is encountered in most patients who have undergone successful renal transplantation. Renal transplantation may be beneficial for correcting uremia-related problems in end-stage renal disease patients; however, its benefit is limited in bone metabolism disorders. The present study aims to evaluate bone mass measurements and investigate the influencing factors in patients with renal transplant. One hundred and eighteen patients (83 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 40.2 ± 11.8 yr (range 20-67) were included in the present study. The laboratory and the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The association between bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and the demographic characteristics of the patients, serum creatinine, parathormone, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the glomerular filtration rate were evaluated. Of the patients, 23.7% (n =28) had normal, 48.3% (n = 57) had osteopenic and 28% (n = 33) had osteoporotic BMD values. A significant positive correlation was determined between the body mass index (BMI) and the BMD measurement results (p = 0.001; r = 0.385). A negative correlation was determined between the BMD values and the serum parathormone (p = 0.012; r = -0.237). BMD values were significantly lower in the group that had not received mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (p = 0.026). Conclusion: BMI values, mTOR inhibitor treatment and serum parathormone levels had an effect on the BMD measurement values.

Characteristics of patients with hypertension in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results from the Turkish Nationwide SurvEy of Glycemic and Other Metabolic Parameters of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (TEMD Hypertension Study).

BACKGROUND: The present survey aimed to find out the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Turkey. METHODS: Patients with T2DM who were followed-up in tertiary endocrine units for at least last one year were recruited. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data of the patients were collected. Hypertension was defined as taking anti-hypertensive medications or having office arterial blood pressure (ABP) ≥140/90 mmHg or home ABP ≥ 130/80 mmHg. RESULTS: A total of 4756 (58.9% women) diabetic patients were evaluated. The percentage of patients with hypertension was 67.5% (n = 3212). Although 87.4% (n = 2808) of hypertensive patients were under treatment, blood pressure was on target in 52.7% (n = 1479) of patients. Hypertension proportions were higher in woman (p = 0.001), older, more obese, and those who had longer diabetes duration, lower education levels, higher frequency of hypoglycemic events (all p < 0.001) and higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.003). LDL cholesterol level and the percentage of smokers were lower in hypertensive group than in non-hypertensive group (both p < 0.001). The percentage of macro and microvascular complications was higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive one (both p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, being a woman (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.51, p = 0.016), smoking (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.80, p = 0.020), regular physical activity (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.53, p = 0.039) and the presence of macrovascular complications (OR: 1.38 95% CI: 1.15-1.65, p = 0.001) were the significant predictors of good ABP regulation. The ratios of masked and white coat hypertension were 41.2% and 5.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that two-thirds (67.5%) of adult patients with T2DM have hypertension. Co-existence of hypertension increases the frequency of macro and microvascular diabetic complications in these patients. Despite the critical role of hypertension in morbidity and mortality, only half of the patients have favorable ABP levels. Masked hypertension seems to be another important issue in this population.

Evaluation of coagulation parameters in patients with parathyroid adenoma.

Parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80-85% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Increased fibrinogen levels in patients with adenoma may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coagulation parameters and parathyroid adenoma. A prospective study included 28 female patients with parathyroid adenoma aged 40-88 years and 27 age-matched healthy controls. The coagulation parameters were assessed for each participant. The mean ages of the patient and control groups were 57.7 ± 10.9 and 53.3 ± 9.31 years, respectively. The mean level of protein S activity was 65.79 ± 13.78 in the patient group and 77.00 ± 15.72 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.013). The mean fibrinogen levels of the patient and control groups were 338.78 ± 63.87 mg/dL and 304.30 ± 45.67 mg/dL, respectively, and a significant difference was found (p = 0.041). However, no significant difference was evident between the two groups with regard to the D-dimer (p = 0.238), aPTT (p = 0.645), INR (p = 0.406), protein C (p = 0.076), and AT-III (p = 0.180) levels. A positive correlation was observed between adenoma volume and fibrinogen in the patient group (r = 0.711, p = 0.001). The protein S levels were lower and the fibrinogen levels higher in the patients with parathyroid adenoma.

Comparison of Efficiencies Between Shear Wave Elastography, Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy and American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Scoring System in Determining the Malignity Potential of Solid Thyroid Nodules.

ABSTRACT: We aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of quantitative shear-wave elastography, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and American College of Radiology (ACR)-thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) scoring system in determining the malignity potential of solid thyroid nodules. In period between September 2014 and January 2016, 191 solid thyroid nodules of 189 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean shear wave velocities of the nodules were recorded by acoustic radiation force impulse method. All nodules were classified according to ACR-TIRADS scoring system and underwent FNA procedure. The cytopathologic results (after FNA) were benign in nature, atypical-cytology/suspiciously malign and highly suspicious of malignity in 117, 28, and 21 nodules, respectively. The specimen from FNA was insufficient in 25 nodules. Thirty-four nodules of 33 enrolled patients were operated, and the efficiencies of shear wave elastography, FNA, and ACR-TIRADS procedures were statistically analyzed; relying on the histopathologic results, the shear-wave elastography had 83.3% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity (with a cutoff value of 2,74 m/s), the FNA had 94.4% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, and ACR-TIRADS had 88.2% sensitivity, 94.1 specificity in determining malignant tyroid nodules (P < 0.005). Quantitative shear wave elastography is concluded to be an effective, noninvasive, and practical imaging modality with a lesser sensitivity and specificity values than TIRADS unless a lower sensitivity but a higher specificity values than FNA (93.7% vs 87.5%) in considering the malignity potential of solid thyroid nodules.

Effect of Insulin Therapy on Ocular Biometric Parameters in Diabetic Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate effects of insulin on ocular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who start insulin therapy. Methods: In this prospective study, ocular biometric parameters were obtained using optical biometer (Lenstar LS900®; Haag-Streit AG) and refraction test (ARK-510A Auto refracto-keratometer; Nidek Co. Ltd, Aichi, Japan) before and at 3 months after initiating insulin therapy. In addition, patients' fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and blood lipid levels were measured at the same time points. Pretreatment and post-treatment results were compared. In addition, associations between ocular parameters with initial dose and type of insulin treatment regimen, HbA1C, and FBG levels were evaluated. Results: The patients' mean age was 51.2 ± 12.9 (18-73) years. Post-treatment HbA1C and FBG levels (8.5% ± 2.5% and 188.1 ± 111.2 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly lower than pretreatment values (12% ± 1.4% and 325.3 ± 95.7 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). There was a significant positive correlation between the change in HbA1C and the change in lens thickness (P = 0.03), and a significant negative correlation between the change in FBG and the change in the spherical equivalent refraction (P = 0.045). Insulin dose and treatment regimen type were not significantly correlated with ocular parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusion: HbA1C-lowering glycemic effect of insulin was correlated with a small decrease in lens thickness. Long-term, randomized controlled trials including larger patient numbers are needed to shed light on the long-term effects of insulin use and glycemic control on ocular parameters.

Betatrophin association with serum triglyceride levels in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep problem, in which patients are at increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular problems, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia. Betatrophin is a novel protein that regulates fatty acid and triglyceride (TG) metabolism and is related to obesity and metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome, DM, and dyslipidemia. Although OSA and betatrophin share common abnormalities, their relationship has not been investigated. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships among betatrophin, OSA, and the serum lipid profile. METHODS: Ninety consecutive patients with suspected OSA underwent polysomnography (PSG) to confirm OSA. Plasma betatrophin, leptin, adiponectin, and the full lipid profile were analyzed. The patients were categorized as OSA or control based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). RESULTS: About 61% of patients had OSA, and 39% had normal PSG. The levels of betatrophin, leptin, and adiponectin were higher in patients with OSA (256.59 ± 29.35, 374.20 ± 37.93, and 17.86 ± 2.63 µg/mL, respectively) compared to the controls (141.86 ± 26.20, 205.53 ± 14.75, and 7.52 ± 1.02 µg/mL, respectively). Betatrophin levels were correlated with the AHI, leptin (r = 0.413, P = 0.002, r = 0.782, P = 0.000). TG levels were significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower, in OSA patients compared to controls (244 ± 20.33 vs. 138 ± 14.89, and 37.21 ± 1.26 vs. 43.78 ± 1.62, respectively). The TG level was correlated with betatrophin (r = 0.353, P = 0.013). Multiple regression analysis showed that the AHI, leptin, and arousals were independent predictors of betatrophin level (B = 1.70 P = 0.046 95%, B = 0.56 P < 0.005, and B = 1, 2, P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a complex relationship between OSA, betatrophin, TG, and HDL, as well as other adipokines. Our results require further investigation to assess this complex association and re-evaluate previous related studies.

Serum nesfatin-1 levels are decreased in pregnant women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum nesfatin-1 levels at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes and determine the association of nesfatin-1 with several metabolic parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 30 healthy pregnant women matched in age and gestational week were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA, and the relationship between nesfatin-1 and several metabolic parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Serum nesfatin-1 levels were found to be lower in women with gestational diabetes compared to the pregnant women in the control sample (p = 0.020). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that nesfatin-1 was lower in participants with gestational diabetes independently from gestational age, BMI, HOMA-IR, fasting plasma glucose, and age. In correlation analysis, the only variable that was found to have a statistically significant correlation with nesfatin-1 was gestational age (p = 0.015, r = 0.30). CONCLUSION: Lower nesfatin-1 levels in women with gestational diabetes compared to the control group at 24-28 weeks of gestation draws attention to nesfatin-1 levels in gestational diabetes and motivates further research in this area.

Serum nesfatin-1 levels are decreased in pregnant women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate serum nesfatin-1 levels at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes and determine the association of nesfatin-1 with several metabolic parameters. Subjects and methods Forty women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 30 healthy pregnant women matched in age and gestational week were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA, and the relationship between nesfatin-1 and several metabolic parameters were assessed. Results Serum nesfatin-1 levels were found to be lower in women with gestational diabetes compared to the pregnant women in the control sample (p = 0.020). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that nesfatin-1 was lower in participants with gestational diabetes independently from gestational age, BMI, HOMA-IR, fasting plasma glucose, and age. In correlation analysis, the only variable that was found to have a statistically significant correlation with nesfatin-1 was gestational age (p = 0.015, r = 0.30). Conclusion Lower nesfatin-1 levels in women with gestational diabetes compared to the control group at 24-28 weeks of gestation draws attention to nesfatin-1 levels in gestational diabetes and motivates further research in this area.

The Relationship Between Hearing Thresholds and Hyperandrogenism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

BACKGROUND The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hearing thresholds. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty women diagnosed with PCOS (mean age, 24.33±6.38 years) and 40 healthy women controls (mean age, 26.38±6.75 years) were included in prospective study. Each case was tested with low (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), high (4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz) and extended high (EH) (9000-20000 Hz) frequency audiometry. The fasting plasma glucose, insulin, FSH, LH, total testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured in all patients. RESULTS The mean hearing thresholds at EH frequencies were statistically significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p=0.001 right ear and p=0.015 left ear). There were significant positive correlations among free testosterone index (FTI) values and hirsutism scores with EH frequency hearing thresholds. CONCLUSIONS At pure-tone audiometry (PTA) EH frequencies, we detected significantly higher hearing thresholds in PCOS patients than in controls. We also determined that elevated FTI and hirsutism score were positively correlated with elevated hearing thresholds in EH frequencies. These findings support that hyperandrogenism can play a role in the elevation of hearing thresholds in PCOS.

Is Nasal Polyposis Related to Levels of Serum Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression?

BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis (NP) is the most frequent cause of nasal masses. Despite considerable research on the subject, its etiology has not been fully elucidated, and effective treatment methods have not been developed. Some etiological factors causing low or high expression of genes in genetically predisposed individuals may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression and serum vitamin D with NP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 46 subjects with NP (NP group) and 40 volunteers (control group). Nasal polyp tissue samples were taken from the NP group and nasal mucosa samples were taken from the control group. Levels of VDR gene expression in the tissue samples were assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 13.38±14.08 ng/ml in the NP group and 10.57±6.44 ng/ml in the control group (p=0.249). VDR gene expression was present in 17.5% of the NP group and 3.3% of the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (likelihood ratio χ²=3.887; p=0.049). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess levels of VDR gene expression in subjects with NP. Our results suggest that VDR gene expression may be associated with the pathogenesis or progression of NP.

Effects of Low-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Sciatic Nerve in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential beneficial effects of low-intensity exercise on histopathological changes of sciatic nerves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STUDY DESIGN: The rats were allotted randomly into 3 experimental groups: A (control), B (diabetic untreated), and C (diabetic treated with low-intensity exercise); each group contained 8 animals. Groups B and C received STZ. Diabetes was induced in 2 groups by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg, freshly dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.2). Two days after STZ treatment, diabetes in 2 experimental groups was confirmed by measuring blood glucose levels. Rats with blood glucose levels ≥ 250 mg/dL were considered to be diabetic. Animals in the exercise group were made to run the treadmill once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Exercise started 3 days prior to STZ administration. RESULTS: The treatment of low-intensity exercise caused a sharp decrease in the elevated serum glucose and an increase in the lowered serum insulin concentrations in STZ-induced diabetic rats. STZ induced a significant decrease in the area of insulin-immunoreactive ß cells. Low-intensity exercise treatment resulted in increased area of insulin-immunoreactive ß cells signficantly. Myelin breakdown decreased significantly after treatment with low intensity exercise. The ultrastructural features of degenerated axons also showed remarkable improvement. CONCLUSION: We believe that further preclinical research into low-intensity exercise may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment for peripheral neuropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Effect of inhaled steroids on laryngeal microflora.

Conclusions As is known, this study is the first study to evaluate the effect of inhaled steroids on laryngeal microflora. The data support that ICS usage causes changes in the larynx microflora. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the alteration in larynx microbial flora of the patients treated with ICS comparing the culture results of a control group. In addition, laryngeal microflora was compared to the smears obtained from the vallecula and pharynx. Materials and methods The study included 39 patients (mean age = 45.56 ± 12.76 years) who had been using a corticosteroid inhaler and control group consisting of 27 persons (mean age = 43.07 ± 13.23 years). Culture samples were obtained from the pharynx, larynx, and vallecula in the patient and control groups, and they were evaluated in the microbiology laboratory. Obtained culture results were named by the same microbiologist according to the basic microorganism classification method. Results Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus viridians (VGS) and candida albicans were detected to grow significantly more in the patient group in all three anatomic localizations compared to the control group. Neisseria spp, basillus spp, and Non-viridans alpha-hemolytic streptococcus were detected to grow significantly more in the control group in all three anatomic localizations compared to the patient group.

The association of obesity with hearing thresholds in women aged 18-40 years.

An elevation in hearing thresholds and decrease in hearing sensitivity in adults, particularly due to aging, are quite common. Recent studies have shown that, apart from aging, various other factors also play a role in auditory changes. Studies on the association of hearing loss (HL) with obesity are limited in advanced age cases and present contradictions. In this study, the association between obesity and hearing thresholds in women aged 18-40 years has been assessed. Forty women diagnosed with obesity (mean age, 31.8 years) and 40 healthy non-obese female controls (mean age, 30.5 years) were included in this prospective study. Each subject was tested with low (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) and high (4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz) frequency audiometry. In the case and control groups, the average hearing thresholds at low frequencies were 16.03 ± 4.72 and 16.15 ± 2.72 (p = 0.885) for the right ear, respectively, and 16.15 ± 5.92 and 14.71 ± 3.18 (p = 0.180) for the left ear, respectively. The average hearing threshold levels at high frequencies were 20.70 ± 10.23 and 15.33 ± 3.87 (p = 0.003), respectively, for the right ear, and 22.91 ± 15.54 and 15.87 ± 4.35 (p = 0.007), respectively, for the left ear with statistical significance. This is the first report on the association of obesity with hearing threshold in women aged 18-40 years. We have demonstrated that obesity may affect hearing function, particularly that related to high frequencies. Hearing loss can be prevented by avoidance or control of obesity and its risk factors. Moreover, an auditory screening of obese cases at an early stage may provide early diagnosis of HL and may also contribute to their awareness in the fight against obesity.

Temporary changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios, and mean platelet volume reflecting the inflammatory process after radioiodine therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Data on the effects of radioiodine (RAI) therapy on systemic inflammation are very limited. The aim of this study is to explore alterations of subclinical systemic inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV), after RAI therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 57 DTC patients treated with RAI (RAI group), 37 DTC patients not treated with RAI (non-RAI control group), and 37 age-matched healthy individuals (healthy control group). NLR, PLR, and MPV levels were compared among the study groups; these were also examined after RAI in the RAI group. RESULTS: Initially, NLR was significantly higher in the RAI group than in the healthy controls. NLR and PLR increased significantly and MPV decreased significantly 2 months after RAI therapy (P=0.021, 0.001, and 0.008, respectively). Although NLR and PLR levels decreased, they were still high compared with the preoperative values. MPV returned to normal levels at 6 months. These parameters did not change significantly in the non-RAI control group. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to evaluate changes in NLR, PLR, and MPV after RAI therapy. Our findings suggest that NLR, PLR, and MPV changes indicate systemic inflammation that occurs after RAI therapy because of thyroid remnant tissue ablation.

Relationship between serum DHEAS and oxidative stress levels of body mass index in healthy postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: Menopause is a natural step in the process of aging. Postmenopausal women have decreased levels of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress, the latter of which plays an important role in atherogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of the body mass index (BMI) with serum catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels in healthy postmenopausal women and estimate whether the MDA/DHEAS ratio is a possible marker of oxidative stress for determining cardiovascular risk in these women. METHODS: We investigated serum catalase activity, MDA, and DHEAS levels, parity history, age, and BMI in 96 healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-82 years. The serum MDA levels and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically. The serum DHEAS levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ratio percentage of the serum DHEAS levels to serum MDA levels was designated as a biomarker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: The mean BMI of the patients was 31.72 ± 6.16 kg/m(2) (range = 20.5-47.94). The MDA/DHEAS ratio was significantly decreased in patients with a BMI over 30 compared to that of patients with a BMI between 25 and 30 (P = 0.025). Moreover, BMI was positively correlated with serum DHEAS levels (r = 0.285, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the MDA/DHEAS ratio (r = -0.241, P < 0.05) in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, BMI was observed to be a potential predictor of the MDA/DHEAS ratio based on covariance analysis (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that healthy, obese, postmenopausal women have a decreased MDA/DHEAS ratio. Additionally, BMI was observed to be a potential predictor of the MDA/DHEAS ratio.

Accurately localizing the thyroid tissue in mature cystic teratoma of ovary by single-photon emission computerized tomography/computerized tomography.

A 30-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism was admitted to hospital. Although increased thyroid function was found, the gland was normal in ultrasonography (USG). Additionally, thyroid iodine uptake and Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy was normal. Abdomen USG detected a cystic pelvic mass in left ovary. A whole-body scan was performed 48 hours after oral ingestion of 29.6 MBq (0.8 mCi) I-131 (iodine-131) revealed a round structure located to the left lower abdomen. Iodine uptake was detected in this cyst which was compatible with functional thyroid tissue demonstrated by SPECT/CT. The patient was underwent surgical operation and histopathology confirmed mature cystic teratoma. Accurate localization and depiction of thyroid tissue in ovary mass was provided with SPECT/CT.

Correlation of normal thyroid ultrasonography with thyroid tests.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders are frequently seen in the community. Thyroid ultrasonography (US) is commonly used in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The relationship between heterogeneous echogenicity of thyroid gland and thyroid tests are well known. METHODS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation of normal US with the thyroid tests. A total of 681 individuals were enrolled in the study. Individuals were separated into two groups as normal (group 1) and hypoechoic (group 2) according to the echogenicity in US. Subjects with nodular thyroid lesions were excluded from the study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) values were recorded in both groups and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) was recorded in individuals with low TSH. RESULTS: 86.1% of individuals in group 1 had normal TSH, 93.7% had normal thyroid antibodies and in 77.6% of individuals, all thyroid tests performed were normal. In the 6.9% of the group 2, all reviewed thyroid tests were normal (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that US is correlated with normal thyroid function tests and is a valuable tool in the prediction of normal thyroid function.