Serum spexin, adiponectin and leptin levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome in association with FTO gene polymorphism.

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrinopathy among reproductive-aged women and related with body mass and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines produced by adipose tissue seems to take part in the hormonal and metabolic alterations that arise in PCOS. Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene is linked with body mass index (BMI) and diabetes. Aims - To investigate the association between fat mass related adipocytokines and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9939609 T/A) in the FTO gene in women with PCOS. Study design - Cross-sectional study MATERIAL AND METHODS: FTO+rs9939609 gene polymorphism and serum spexin, adiponectin and leptin levels were determined in 91 PCOS women and 86 healthy controls. Study participants were subdivided according to BMI and comparisons were made within each group. RESULTS: Serum spexin levels were not differed between study groups. Serum levels of adiponectin were found to be decreased in PCOS women with BMI lower than 25 kg/m2 (10.1 ± 5.6 vs 14.1 ± 9.1, p = 0.015). Serum leptin levels were elevated in obese PCOS women compared to healthy control group (2197.9 ± 596.3 pg/mL vs 1535.9 ± 812.1 pg/mL, p = 0.001). The prevalence of A risk allele of SNP rs9939609 was more frequent in PCOS patients than in the control group. PCOS risk was found to increase 3 times more in AA genotype when compared with TT genotype (OR = 3.04 95% CI: 1.243-7.309; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Serum adiponectin and leptin levels may serve as independent markers for PCOS diagnosis. Moreover, the FTO+rs9939609 gene polymorphism increase susceptibility to PCOS development independent from serum adipocytokine levels.

The immunohistochemical and histologic effects of contrast medium on uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, given during hysterosalpingography: rat study

Objective: Previous studies have shown that damage occurs to internal genital tract during hysterosalpingography (HSG). The aim was to show that endometrial and tubal epithelium underwent free radical damage during HSG in an animal model. Material and Methods: Forty rats were evaluated in five different groups. Two groups received ionizing radiation (15-20 miliRad three times) only. Two further groups received ionizing radiation in combination with iohexol (1-2 mL). The remaining group served as control. Groups were evaluated after seven and forty-two days. Inflammation and cellular changes were evaluated histopathologically. Cellular activity of antioxidant enzymes was assessed immunohistochemically. Results: Inflammation, and cellular changes were detected at certain rates in all groups (p<0.001). Glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase activities were found to be increased after the HSG (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is obvious that the cell suffers acute and chronic damage during HSG due to both radioactivity and chemicals. Although there is a lot of research done before, there is no definitive method yet to protect against the harmful effects of iodinated contrast agents and ionizing radiation. So, new methods need to be explored to protect cells and tissues from reactive oxygen radical damage caused by HSG.

Evaluation of the hematologic system as a marker of subclinical inflammation in hyperemesis gravidarum: a case control study.

OBJECTIVES: Current evidence suggests that subclinical inflammation plays a significant role in the development of hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG). Simple hematological markers, such as mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been shown to reflect inflammatory burden and disease activity in several disorders. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of these hematological parameters for HEG. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 HEG patients and 58 age- and gestational-age-matched control subjects were studied. NLR, MPV, PLR, platelet distribution width (PDW), and red cell distribution width (RDW) values in all patients were calculated and recorded from complete blood cell counts. RESULTS: For HEG patients, the median NLR was 3.2 (1.6-7.1), and the median PLR was 143.7 (78.1-334.6); for control subjects, the values were 2.1 (1.0-4.7) and 93.1 (47.3-194.7), respectively. Although both the NLR and PLR of HEG patients were found to be significantly higher than in the controls, no significant difference was found between the study groups in terms of MPV, RDW, or PDW. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between NLR and CRP (r = 0.872, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that peripheral blood NLR and PLR values can reflect inflammatory burden in HEG patients and can be used as markers for HEG.