Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Tamponamento Cardíaco , Ablação por Cateter , Ablação por Radiofrequência , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Veia Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Cava Superior/cirurgiaRESUMO
AbstractCetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) have undergone a radical transformation from the typical terrestrial mammalian body plan to a streamlined body, while exhibiting dramatic interspecific size differences. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the diversification of cetacean body size are largely unknown. Here, by using genomic and phenotypic data for 22 cetaceans, we performed phylogenetic genome-body size analysis and explored the genetic basis of the high diversity of body size in cetaceans. A functional enrichment analysis showed that body size-related genes in cetaceans are enriched in pathways associated with immunity, cell growth, and metabolism, suggesting that they contributed to body size diversification. Genes showing correlated evolution with body size were mainly involved in immune surveillance, tumor suppression function, and development of hypertumors. The role of these genes in tumor control resolves Peto's paradox (i.e., the lack of a correspondence between an expansion in body size and, thereby, cell number and an increased cancer incidence). Our results provide novel insights into the evolution of substantial body size variation in cetaceans.