Craniofacial and dental features in children aged 3-5 years with congenital Zika syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Zika virus infection has been associated to congenital zika syndrome (CZS) in newborns and is characterized by microcephaly, central/axial motor and sensory dysfunction, dysphagia among other previously described severe health complications. CZS is usually diagnosed postpartum by evident/apparent neural development problems. Although there are some reports of craniofacial/dentition development in CZS, several clinical oral aspects are still unknown. This study describes some structural and functional characteristics of facial and cranial growth and deciduous dentition in CZS-affected children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Some cranial, facial and dental characteristics were determined in 14 children with CZS aged 3-5 years and compared them against 12 apparently healthy children paired by age and gender. RESULTS: Fourteen CZS cases presented microcephaly, maxillary prognathism, altered facial thirds, asymmetric pupillary line, bruxism (p = 0.006), deep and anterior open bite and distal step decidual molar relationship (p = 0.031). CZS children cannot feed by themselves and most cannot walk and have not develop coordinated and intelligible language according to their chronological age. In contrast, controls presented normal skull features, have autonomous locomotion skills, speak intelligible language, feed by themselves, presented a harmonic intermaxillary relationship and have symmetrical facial thirds. CONCLUSION: Microcephaly, dysphagia, bruxism, mandibular retrognathia, altered facial proportions and malocclusion are the main craniofacial and oral features at CZS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The complications of CZS including those related with the face and the oral cavity are still being identified. This study revealed some cranial, facial and oral features in children affected by CSZ. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation protocols must address these syndromic features that could improve children and parents living conditions.

Relationship of Malocclusions with Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint in Children of CALI-Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of malocclusion with the presence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical examination was performed in 87 patients (from 4 to 14 years of age) who attended the dentistry clinics of Universidad del Valle. RESULTS: The 77 patients studied had malocclusions; 55 patients had TMD and 67.3% were female. The most frequent symptom of TMD was articular unilateral noise with 33.8%, followed by pain in at least one masticatory muscle with 26%. TMJ pain was observed in 24.7% of the patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence and severity of TMD with type of dentition and transverse malocclusion, respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of TMD in children with malocclusion presented in a high frequency. TMD depends on the type of dentition and its severity is dependent on transverse malocclusion.

Head and neck cancer in Cali, Colombia: Population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world. In Latin America, data on HCN are limited by the scarcity of population-based cancer registries. OBJECTIVE: To describe survival and changes in the time trends of incidence and mortality rates of HCN with data from the Cali Cancer Population Registry (Colombia) during 1962-2018. METHOD: Males and females of any age residing in Cali were included. The trends in incidence rates (1962-2016) and mortality (1984-2018) were analysed by calculating the mean annual percentage change (APC). Five-year net survival was estimated for the four 5-year periods of 1996-2015 using the Pohar-Perme method. RESULTS: During 1962-2015, 5,110 new cases of HNC were recorded: 1,506 in the larynx, 1,377 in the oral cavity, 487 in the nose and paranasal sinuses, 643 in the oropharynx, 603 in the salivary glands and 360 in Naso-Hypopharynx region. The incidence rates of HNC decreased significantly at all subsites, except in those associated with the human papillomavirus. Between 1984 and 2018, there were 1,941 deaths attributed to HNC, and the mortality rate decreased significantly. The 5-year age-standardized net survival was 43.2% in 1996-2000, remained stable during the following decade, and for 2011-2015 it was 50.9%. CONCLUSION: The incidence and mortality of HNC in Cali decreased significantly during the study period in both sexes.

Dental, Occlusal, and Craniofacial Features of Children With Microcephaly Due to Congenital Zika Infection: 3 Cases Report From Valle del Cauca, Cali-Colombia-2020.

OBJECTIVE: Describes dental, occlusal, and craniofacial characteristics of 3 children aged 3 to 4 years with microcephaly due to congenital Zika infection in Cali Valle del Cauca, 2020. DESIGN: Three children case report with congenital Zika virus microcephaly. SETTING: Institutional. PATIENTS: Three children with maternal viral infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction during first trimester of pregnancy were included and were born from 2016 to 2017. INTERVENTIONS: Oral and mouth functional examination was performed including soft tissue examination; lingual and labial frenulum; evaluation of swallowing and chewing; craniofacial analysis; dimension of dental arch; intercanine and intermolar distance, palate form; relationship and growth of maxilla, mandible, and facial dental midline using plaster models; and complementary image analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Child and mother sociodemographic features, craniofacial measurements; dental and oral features; maxillary and mandibular measures; and speech, swallowing, and chewing disorders. RESULTS: Small head circumference at birth and at the time of clinical evaluation was compared to normal children of approximately their age. Upper third of the face was short, and presence of hypertonic masticatory muscles with hypotonic swallowing muscles, dysphagia, dyslalia, bruxism, lip incompetence, tongue interposition, and hypersalivation and epilepsy were the main medical problem. They have complete primary dentition with normal dental morphology, tooth eruption altered, dental caries, and dental malocclusion was identified. CONCLUSION: There are no changes in the dental formula and dental morphology in the deciduous dentition. They present severe chewing and speaking limitation, facial disproportion, and occlusal problems that warrant dental and medical attention.

Characterization of the patients who attended the admission, diagnosis and emergency clinic (CIDU) of the dentistry service of a higher education institution in southwestern Colombia - 2015 / Caracterización de los pacientes que acudieron a la clínica de ingreso, diagnóstico y urgencias (CIDU) del servicio de odontología de una institución de educación superior del suroccidente colombiano - 2015

Aim: To characterize the patients who came to the Insitute, Diagnosis and Emergency Clinic (ICID) of the dentistry service of an institution of higher education in southwes-tern Colombia during the year 2015. Materials and methods: We reviewed 772 patient admission formats, consolidated the data in a database and selected socio-demographic variables of clinical interest.Results: It was found that 63% were female patients, the main reason for consultation is oral rehabilitation with 30%, the most frequent medical precedent was surgery with 57%, 33% of men at the clinical examination presented values of arterial hypertension, but only 13% reported it; while 25% of women presented HTA, but 15% reported it and the treatment of choice was oral rehabilitation with 42%. Conclusions: We found important aspects related to the reason for consultation, medical history and the relevant specialty for its treatment, as well as the importance of education and awareness of systemic compromised diseases such as arterial hypertension.

Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes que acudieron a consulta a la Clínica de Ingreso, Diagnóstico y Urgencias (CIDU) de las clínicas odontológicas de una institución de educación superior del Suroccidente Colombiano durante el año 2015. Materiales y Métodos: Se revisaron 772 formatos de ingreso de pacientes, se hizo el consolidado en una base de datos y se seleccionaron variables sociodemográficas y de interés clínico.Resultados: Se encontró que el 63% fueron pacientes femeninos, el motivo de consulta principal fue la rehabilitación oral con 30%, el antecedente médico que más se repitió fue el de cirugías con 57%, 33% de hombres al examen clínico presentaron valores de hipertensión arterial (HTA), pero solo 13% de ellos lo reportaron; mientras que 25% mujeres presentaron valores de HTA, sin embargo, fueron 15% quienes lo reportaron y el tratamiento de elección fue rehabilitación oral con un 42%. Conclusiones: Se encontraron aspectos importantes relacionadas con el motivo de consulta, antecedentes médicos y la especialidad pertinente para su tratamiento, así como se evidenció la importancia de la educación y concientización de enferme-dades de compromiso sistémico como el caso de la HTA.

Identificación de bacterias periodontopáticas en cepillos dentales con y sin agente antibacterial / Identification of periodontopathic bacteria on toothbrushes with and without antibacterial agent

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Los cepillos dentales pueden servir como reservorio para la translocación de bacterias periodontopáticas. El objetivo fue determinar la contaminación por bacterias periodontopatógenas en dos tipos de cepillos dentales, con y sin antibacterial. Materiales y métodos: Participaron 20 pacientes con periodontitis, que cepillaron 2 cuadrantes al azar con un cepillo antibacterial y los 2 cuadrantes contralaterales con cepillo normal, con la técnica de Bass modificado. Los cepillos se lavaron con agua por 10 segundos y se almacenaron individualmente en bolsas estériles a temperatura ambiente. A las 0, 4 y 24 h se cortaron 4 cerdas de cada cepillo y se suspendieron en el medio de dilución VMGA I, se sembraron en 3 medios de cultivo en anaerobiosis y CO2, se identificaron de acuerdo a la morfología de las colonias y pruebas adicionales con el sistema de identificación RAPID ANA II. Se evaluó la normalidad de las variables cuantitativas, se comparó el número de UFC/ml en los medios de cultivo a los diferentes tiempos de siembra, mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney, con un alfa de 0,05. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en el número de UFC/ml en agar sangre a las 24 horas de cultivo (p=0,011). Se identificaron a partir de los cultivos en los 3 tiempos bacterias como Porphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium spp y Eikenella corrodens, mientras que Tannerella forsythia, Eubacterium spp y bacilos entéricos se recuperaron solo en la siembra inmediata. Conclusión:Ambos tipos de cepillos tuvieron contaminación bacteriana en los distintos medios de cultivo.

Abstract Introduction and objective: Dental toothbrushes can serve as reservoir to translocation of periodontopathic bacteria. The aim was to determine periodontal bacterial contamination in both types of toothbrushes, with and without antibacterial bristles. Materials and methods:We included 20 patients with periodontitis, which brushed two randomly selected quadrants with antibacterial brush and the 2 contralateral quadrants with normal toothbrush with modified Bass technique, and thereafter, the brushes were washed with water for 10 seconds and stored in sterile bags at room temperature. At 0, 4 and 24 h bristles were cut from each brush 4 and suspended in the dilution medium VMGA I. These were plated on 3 culture media in anaerobiosis and CO2 and identified according to the colony morphology and further tests such as UV fluorescence, catalase and identification system RAPID ANA II. Normality of the quantitative variables was assessed and compared the number of CFU/ ml in the culture media to different culturing times, by the nonparametric Mann Whitney U test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: There were significant differences in the number of CFU / ml in blood agar at 24 hours of culture (p = 0.011). Were identified from cultures at 3 times bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/ nigrescens, Fusobacterium spp and Eikenella corrodens, while Tannerella forsythia, Eubacterium spp and enteric bacilli were recovered only in the immediate culturing. Conclusion: Both types of brushes had bacterial contamination in the different culture media tested.

Cáncer oral en Santiago de Cali, Colombia: análisis poblacional de la tendencia de incidencia y mortalidad / Oral cancer in Cali, Colombia: a population-based analysis of incidence and mortality trends

Objetivo. Describir la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer oral (CaO) en Cali, Colombia durante el periodo 1962-2007. Material y métodos. Se obtuvieron las tasas estandarizadas por edad (población mundial) de incidencia (TIEE) y mortalidad (TMEE) por CaO con información del Registro Poblacional de Cáncer en Cali-Colombia (RPCC) y de la Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali (SSPM), respectivamente. Se utilizó el porcentaje de cambio anual (APC) para describir la tendencia de las mismas. Resultados. Se registraron 1637 casos nuevos de CaO y la edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 60 años. Las TIEE disminuyeron entre 1962-2007 en hombres APC= -1.3 (IC95%:-2.0; -0.6) y mujeres, APC= -1.0 (IC95%: -1.7; -0.4). Las TMEE disminuyeron entre 1984-2001 sólo en los hombres, APC= -2.8 (IC95%: -4.1; -1.5). Conclusión. La morbilidad y mortalidad por CaO ha disminuido de manera significativa en Cali, Colombia. El tipo de tumor asociado con estos cambios fue el carcinoma de células escamosas.

Objective. To describe the time trends of the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer (OC) in Cali, Colombia between 1962-2007. Materials and methods. Age-standardized (Segi's world population) incidence (ASIR) and mortality (ASMR) rates for oral cancer were estimated using data from the Population-based Cancer Registry of Cali, Colombia and from the database of the Municipal Secretary of Public Health (MSPH) respectively. Annual percentage change (APC) was used to measure the changes in rates over time. Results. 1637 new cases of oral cancer were registered in the CPCR and the mean age upon diagnosis was 60 years. The ASIR decreased from 1962-2007 in men APC= 1.3 (IC95%:-2.0; -0.6) and women APC= -1.0 (IC95%: -1.7; -0.4).The ASMR decreased from 1984-2001 only in men, APC=2.8 (IC95%: -4.1; -1.5). Conclusions. There was a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality rates for OC in Cali, Colombia. The type of tumor associated to these changes was the squamous cell carcinoma.

[Oral cancer in Cali, Colombia: a population-based analysis of incidence and mortality trends]. / Cáncer oral en Santiago de Cali, Colombia: análisis poblacional de la tendencia de incidencia y mortalidad.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the time trends of the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer (OC) in Cali, Colombia between 1962-2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age-standardized (Segi's world population) incidence (ASIR) and mortality (ASMR) rates for oral cancer were estimated using data from the Population-based Cancer Registry of Cali, Colombia and from the database of the Municipal Secretary of Public Health (MSPH) respectively. Annual percentage change (APC) was used to measure the changes in rates over time. RESULTS: 1637 new cases of oral cancer were registered in the CPCR and the mean age upon diagnosis was 60 years. The ASIR decreased from 1962-2007 in men APC= 1.3 (IC95%:-2.0; -0.6) and women APC= -1.0 (IC95%: -1.7; -0.4).The ASMR decreased from 1984-2001 only in men, APC=2.8 (IC95%: -4.1; -1.5). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality rates for OC in Cali, Colombia. The type of tumor associated to these changes was the squamous cell carcinoma.