Study of the chlorfenvinphos pesticide removal under different anodic materials and different reactor configuration.

The present manuscript focuses on the study of the electrochemical oxidation of the insecticide Chlorfenvinphos (CVP). The assays were carried out under galvanostatic conditions using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and low-cost tin dioxide doped with antimony (Sb-doped SnO2) as anodes. The influence of the operating variables, such as applied current density, presence or absence of a cation-exchange membrane and concentration of supporting electrolyte, was discussed. The results revealed that the higher applied current density the higher degradation and mineralization of the insecticide for both anodes. The presence of the membrane and the highest concentration of Na2SO4 studied (0.1 M) as a supporting electrolyte benefited the oxidation process of CVP using the BDD electrode, while with the ceramic anode the elimination of CVP was lower under these experimental conditions. Although the BDD electrode showed the best performance, ceramic anodes appear as an interesting alternative as they were able to degrade CVP completely for the highest applied current density values. Toxicity tests revealed that the initial solution of CVP was more toxic than the samples treated with the ceramic electrode, while using the BDD electrode the toxicity of the sample increased.

Úlcera genital imitadora / Misleading Genital Ulcer

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Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182-1283.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria, Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia, Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indooroopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil. Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil, Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor (acid) soil, Entoloma pudens on plant debris, amongst grasses. New Zealand, Amorocoelophoma neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Aquilomyces metrosideri and Septoriella callistemonis from stem discolouration and leaf spots of Metrosideros sp., Cadophora neoregeliae from leaf spots of Neoregelia sp., Flexuomyces asteliae (incl. Flexuomyces gen. nov.) and Mollisia asteliae from leaf spots of Astelia chathamica, Ophioceras freycinetiae from leaf spots of Freycinetia banksii, Phaeosphaeria caricis-sectae from leaf spots of Carex secta. Norway, Cuphophyllus flavipesoides on soil in semi-natural grassland, Entoloma coracis on soil in calcareous Pinus and Tilia forests, Entoloma cyaneolilacinum on soil semi-natural grasslands, Inocybe norvegica on gravelly soil. Pakistan, Butyriboletus parachinarensis on soil in association with Quercus baloot. Poland, Hyalodendriella bialowiezensis on debris beneath fallen bark of Norway spruce Picea abies. Russia, Bolbitius sibiricus on à moss covered rotting trunk of Populus tremula, Crepidotus wasseri on debris of Populus tremula, Entoloma isborscanum on soil on calcareous grasslands, Entoloma subcoracis on soil in subalpine grasslands, Hydropus lecythiocystis on rotted wood of Betula pendula, Meruliopsis faginea on fallen dead branches of Fagus orientalis, Metschnikowia taurica from fruits of Ziziphus jujube, Suillus praetermissus on soil, Teunia lichenophila as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina. Slovakia, Hygrocybe fulgens on mowed grassland, Pleuroflammula pannonica from corticated branches of Quercus sp. South Africa, Acrodontium burrowsianum on leaves of unidentified Poaceae, Castanediella senegaliae on dead pods of Senegalia ataxacantha, Cladophialophora behniae on leaves of Behnia sp., Colletotrichum cliviigenum on leaves of Clivia sp., Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Falcocladium heteropyxidicola on leaves of Heteropyxis canescens, Lapidomyces aloidendricola as epiphyte on brown stem of Aloidendron dichotomum, Lasionectria sansevieriae and Phaeosphaeriopsis sansevieriae on leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides, Lylea dalbergiae on Diatrype dalbergiae on bark of Dalbergia armata, Neochaetothyrina syzygii (incl. Neochaetothyrina gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Nothophaeomoniella ekebergiae (incl. Nothophaeomoniella gen. nov.) on leaves of Ekebergia pterophylla, Paracymostachys euphorbiae (incl. Paracymostachys gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens, Paramycosphaerella pterocarpi on leaves of Pterocarpus angolensis, Paramycosphaerella syzygii on leaf litter of Syzygium chordatum, Parateichospora phoenicicola (incl. Parateichospora gen. nov.) on leaves of Phoenix reclinata, Seiridium syzygii on twigs of Syzygium chordatum, Setophoma syzygii on leaves of Syzygium sp., Starmerella xylocopis from larval feed of an Afrotropical bee Xylocopa caffra, Teratosphaeria combreti on leaf litter of Combretum kraussii, Teratosphaericola leucadendri on leaves of Leucadendron sp., Toxicocladosporium pterocarpi on pods of Pterocarpus angolensis. Spain, Cortinarius bonachei with Quercus ilex in calcareus soils, Cortinarius brunneovolvatus under Quercus ilex subsp. ballota in calcareous soil, Extremopsis radicicola (incl. Extremopsis gen. nov.) from root-associated soil in a wet heathland, Russula quintanensis on acidic soils, Tubaria vulcanica on volcanic lapilii material, Tuber zambonelliae in calcareus soil. Sweden, Elaphomyces borealis on soil under Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens. Tanzania, Curvularia tanzanica on inflorescence of Cyperus aromaticus. Thailand, Simplicillium niveum on Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi on underside of unidentified dicotyledonous leaf. USA, Calonectria californiensis on leaves of Umbellularia californica, Exophiala spartinae from surface sterilised roots of Spartina alterniflora, Neophaeococcomyces oklahomaensis from outside wall of alcohol distillery. Vietnam, Fistulinella aurantioflava on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kölling, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182-1283. Persoonia 46: 313-528. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11.

Direct contact ultrasound assisted freezing of chicken breast samples.

Nowadays, rapid freezing is sought to favor the formation of small ice crystals. Several studies have shown that the application of ultrasounds (US) accelerates the processes of energy and mass transfer when they are applied through immersion systems. However, there are hardly any studies on its application in direct systems without the use of a liquid medium for its transmission. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of the application of US for improving the freezing process of chicken breast samples. First, the application of intermittent US treatments at different net sonication times of 7, 17, 37, 50 and 67% during the freezing of distilled water samples in a conventional freezer was evaluated. It was observed that net sonication times of 37, 50 and 67% reduced the phase change period by 30.0, 21.4, 27.0%, respectively. The effective freezing time was also reduced by 12.4 and 12.8% by applying net sonication times of 37 and 50%. Considering these results, an intermittent US treatment with a net sonication time of 37% was chosen for chicken breast freezing in an air-forced cooling tunnel at ambient temperatures from -13 to -22 °C. The length of all the freezing phases was reduced upon application of US, leading to an overall process time reduction of approx. 11%. On the other hand, no significant differences were found either in the Water Holding Capacity (WHC) or Cooking Loss (CL) values between control and US assisted frozen chicken breast samples. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that US-assisted freezing did not influence protein digestibility of chicken meat samples. This study demonstrates the potential of the application of US by direct contact to favor energy transfer processes during freezing of water and chicken breasts samples. However, its effect on the quality of the frozen products should be further studied.

Traquioniquia inducida por carbamazepina / Trachyonychia induced by carbamazepine

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Comparison between an electrochemical reactor with and without membrane for the nor oxidation using novel ceramic electrodes.

The electrochemical oxidation of the antibiotic Norfloxacin (NOR) in chloride media on different anodic materials was studied at two different electrochemical reactors. The results were compared with those obtained in sulphate media. The anodes under study were a commercial boron-doped diamond (BBD) and two different ceramic electrodes based on tin oxide doped with antimony oxide in the presence (CuO) and absence (BCE) of copper oxide as sintering aid. The reactors employed were a one-compartment reactor (OCR) and a two-compartment one with a membrane separating both electrodes (EMR). The use of the membrane clearly enhanced both NOR degradation and TOC mineralization for all the anodic materials studied since some parallel reactions were avoided. Additionally, two different pathways for NOR oxidation were observed as a function of the reactor employed. The EMR also favoured the ionic by-products generation and the electrolyte dechlorination. NO3- increased with the oxidation power of the anode employed and it was also enhanced by the EMR use. Chloride media favours ceramic electrodes performance independently of the reactor employed as they did not generate an excess of oxidants as BDD did. The BCE electrode is an interesting alternative to BDD since although its oxidative power was lower, it presented similar current efficiency with lower energy consumption.

Environmental and economical assessment for a sustainable Zn/air battery.

Metal/Air batteries are being developed and soon could become competitive with other battery technologies already in the market, such as Li-ion battery. The main problem to be addressed is the cyclability, although some progress has been recently achieved. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the manufacturing process of a Zn/Air battery is presented in this article, including raw extraction and process of materials and battery assembly at laboratory scale (cradle to gate approach). The results indicate that Zn/Air battery can be fabricated with low environmental impacts in most categories and only four deserve attention (still being low impacts), such as Human Toxicity (cancer and non-cancer), Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Resource Depletion (the later one depending mainly on Zn use, which is not a critical material, but has a strong impact on this category). Cathode fabrication arises as the subassembly with higher impacts, followed by membrane, then anode and finally electrolyte. An economic cost calculation indicates that if cyclability of Zn/Air batteries is achieved, they can become competitive with other technologies already in the market.

Effect of the CuO addition on a Sb-doped SnO2 ceramic electrode applied to the removal of Norfloxacin in chloride media by electro-oxidation.

Norfloxacin is employed as in veterinary and human medicine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Due to the ineffective treatment at the wastewater treatment plants it becomes an emergent pollutant. Electro-oxidation appears as an alternative to its effective mineralization. This work compares Norfloxacin electro-oxidation on different anodic materials: two ceramic electrodes (both based on SnO2 + Sb2O3 with and without CuO, named as CuO and BCE, respectively) and a boron doped diamond (BDD). First, the anodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, revealing that NOR direct oxidation occurred at 1.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The higher the scan rate the higher both the current density and the anodic potential of the peak. This behavior was analyzed using the Randles-Sevcik equation to calculate the Norfloxacin diffusion coefficient in aqueous media, giving a value of D = 7.80 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 at 25 °C), which is close to the predicted value obtained using the Wilke-Chang correlation. The electrolysis experiments showed that both NOR and TOC decay increased with the applied current density, presenting a pseudo-first order kinetic. All the anodes tested achieved more than 90% NOR degradation at each current density. The CuO is not a good alternative to BCE because although it acts as a catalyst during the first use, it is lost from the anode surface in the subsequent uses. According to their oxidizing power, the anodes employed are ordered as follows: BDD > BCE > CuO.

Eficacia y seguridad de ixekizumab en la práctica clínica habitual: estudio retrospectivo bicéntrico / Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in a Real-Life Practice: A Retrospective Bicentric Study

Introducción: Ixekizumab es un fármaco efectivo y seguro en el tratamiento de pacientes con psoriasis dentro de ensayos clínicos. Nuestro objetivo es valorar la eficacia y seguridad de ixekizumab en la práctica clínica habitual. Material: Estudio retrospectivo incluyendo todos los pacientes que han recibido ixekizumab en 2 servicios de dermatología de la ciudad de Valencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 75 pacientes, siendo el 53,3% varones y el 46,7% mujeres con una edad media de 48,61 años. El 77,3% (58 pacientes) presentaba una psoriasis en placas, mientras que el 22,7% (17 pacientes) presentaba psoriasis de predominio en un área especial. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue obesidad en el 48% de ellos y el 40% eran naive a biológicos. El PASI inicial medio fue de 9,99, mientras que el PASI medio a la semana 16 era de 1,5. Las respuestas de PASI75 y PASI90 fueron independientes de las comorbilidades analizadas, del sexo, de la edad y del PASI basal. Los pacientes naive a biológicos respondieron mejor que los pacientes que habían recibido tratamiento biológico previo, tanto en la semana 16 como en la semana 52 de forma estadísticamente significativa. Esta observación también se mantuveroni en los pacientes con psoriasis en un área especial. El 25,7% de los pacientes refería algún efecto adverso, siendo lo más frecuente reacción en el sitio de inyección. No se observaron reacciones adversas graves. Conclusiones: El estudio plasma nuestra experiencia en la práctica clínica real de ixekizumab, siendo un fármaco efectivo y seguro para el tratamiento de la psoriasis

Background: Ixekizumab has proven efficacy and safety for the treatment of psoriasis in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective study of all patients treated with ixekizumab in 2 dermatology departments in the city of Valencia, Spain. Results: Seventy-five patients (53.3% men and 46.7% women) with a mean age of 48.61 years were studied; 77.3% (n = 58) had plaque psoriasis and 22.7% (n = 17) had psoriasis predominantly affecting a specific area. The most common comorbidity was obesity (present in 48% of patients) and 40% of the overall group had not been previously treated with a biologic drug. Mean psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) fell from 9.99 at baseline to 1.5 at week 16. PASI-75 and PASI-90 (improvements of at least 75% and 90% in PASI) were independent of sex, age, baseline PASI, and the comorbidities analyzed. Responses at week 16 and 52 were significantly better in biologic-naïve patients for the overall group and the subgroup of patients with localized psoriasis. Adverse effects were reported for 25.7% of patients and the most common effect was injection-site reaction. There were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Our findings show that ixekizumab is both effective and safe in the treatment of psoriasis in routine clinical practice

Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab in a Real-Life Practice: A Retrospective Bicentric Study. / Eficacia y seguridad de ixekizumab en la práctica clínica habitual: estudio retrospectivo bicéntrico.

BACKGROUND: Ixekizumab has proven efficacy and safety for the treatment of psoriasis in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective study of all patients treated with ixekizumab in 2 dermatology departments in the city of Valencia, Spain. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (53.3% men and 46.7% women) with a mean age of 48.61 years were studied; 77.3% (n = 58) had plaque psoriasis and 22.7% (n = 17) had psoriasis predominantly affecting a specific area. The most common comorbidity was obesity (present in 48% of patients) and 40% of the overall group had not been previously treated with a biologic drug. Mean psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) fell from 9.99 at baseline to 1.5 at week 16. PASI-75 and PASI-90 (improvements of at least 75% and 90% in PASI) were independent of sex, age, baseline PASI, and the comorbidities analyzed. Responses at week 16 and 52 were significantly better in biologic-naïve patients for the overall group and the subgroup of patients with localized psoriasis. Adverse effects were reported for 25.7% of patients and the most common effect was injection-site reaction. There were no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that ixekizumab is both effective and safe in the treatment of psoriasis in routine clinical practice.

Edema facial recurrente / Recurrent Facial Edema

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