Testicular Disease: A Clinico-Pathological Report from a Nigerian Tertiary Health Center.

Background: The testes are the male reproductive glands and the homolog of the ovary in females performing critical functions. Pathologic conditions could arise from the testes and blunt or completely obliterate these functions leading to clinically overt or covert sequelae. The aim of this research is to study the pattern of histologically diagnosed testicular disease in relation to clinical features at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 2012 and December 31st, 2021. Methodology: This study is a retrospective analysis of all cases of testicular biopsies. All histologically diagnosed testicular lesions were identified from the departmental records and clinical data obtained further from the patients' folder at the Medical Records Department. Results: Four hundred and thirty (430) biopsies were seen, of which 304 (70.7%) were orchidectomy specimens. The commonest histological diagnosis was testicular atrophy accounting for 328(76.3%) cases. Testicular torsion is followed by 42(9.8%) cases. Together, inflammatory conditions accounted for 36(8.4%) cases out of which granulomatous inflammation made up 52.3% of cases. There were 16(3.7%) neoplastic conditions all of which were malignant, out of which 6(37.5%) were seminomas. The age range, mean, median and modal age was 1-90 years, 53.4 +21.3years, 60 years and 70 years respectively. Prostatic carcinoma therapy in the form of bilateral orchidectomy was the major indication for surgery. Conclusion: The majority of testicular lesions in our locality are atrophies and most of these lesions are obtained as orchidectomies for therapy of prostatic cancer.

A Clinicopathological Study of 236 Cystic Ovarian Lesions at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

Background: Cystic ovarian lesions are defined by an ovarian fluid containing space limited by a membrane. The exact prevalence of the disease is unknown. A proper diagnosis is imperative for the choice of appropriate therapy. The objective of this study is to establish the different histological variants of ovarian cysts diagnosed at the Histopathology Department of Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. Methodology: This is a descriptive study of consecutive cases of ovarian cysts at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. Demographic and histopathologic data were collated from patients' request forms and duplicate copies of histology reports of all histologically diagnosed cases of ovarian cysts at the Histopathology Department during the study period. Result: A total of 236cases of cystic ovarian lesions were seen during the period of the study. Benign and malignant cases constituted 226(95.76%) and 10(4.24%) cases respectively. Corpus luteum cyst was the commonest histological type accounting for 28.33% of cases. Lesions located on the right ovary were 145(61.44%), while those on the left were 95(40.25%). The commonest symptom was abdominal pain. The age range was 4-70years, with a mean, median and mode of 35.02+11.9 years, 33.0 years, and 35.0 years respectively. Conclusion: The vast majority of ovarian cysts in our environment are benign, and commonly occurs in women during their reproductive age. Abdominal pain is the commonest presentation and cysts of the ovary occur more on the right.

Laboratory Turnaround Time of Surgical Biopsies at a Histopathology Service in Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Laboratory turnaround time is defined as the time between the receipt of a sample in the laboratory and when the report is ready for collection/dispatch. It is a critical component of the quality assurance of a laboratory and has been identified as a key performance indicator of laboratory performance. This study is aimed at evaluating the turnround time in the histopathology unit of our center and comparing the findings with that of similar studies. METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective descriptive study of the first 500 consecutive samples of surgical biopsies submitted for analyses at the Histopathology Department of the Jos University Teaching Hospital. The samples were tracked from the reception desk, where they are submitted to the dispatch point where the results are collected by clients. The grossing time (T1), processing time (T2), reporting time (T3), and the transcription time (T4) were recorded for each sample. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software and presented as simple frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The mean laboratory turnaround time was 7.5 + 9.7 days with a range of 3-18 days. As much as 20.8% of reports were ready for dispatch by day 3 and 100% by day 18. Overall, the grossing time (T1), processing time (T2), reporting time (T3), and transcription (T4) time consumed 17.5%, 35.5%, 27.7%, and 19.3% of the total time spent, respectively. CONCLUSION: We recommend the development of practicable targets for the histopathology laboratories as regards timeliness. This should be regularly evaluated to ensure compliance and improvement of service quality in this regard.