The in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue and indocyanine green on microleakage of class V cavities.

INTRODUCTION: Considering the importance of disinfecting dentin and enamel after cavity preparation and the possible effect of disinfection methods on induction of various reactions in the tooth structure the aim of the present study was to evaluate microleakage of composite resin restoration after disinfecting the prepared dentin and enamel surface with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with toluidine blue (TBO) and indocyanine green (ICG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 71 human premolar teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups based on disinfection method: Group 1: conventional disinfection method with Phosphoric acid 37% as the control; Group 2: aPDT with TBO and diode laser with wavelength of 635 nm; Group 3: aPDT with ICG and diode laser with wavelength of 808 nm. All the cavities were restored with composite resin (3M™ Filtek™ Z250). After thermocycling and immersing in 0.5% basic fuchsin, the samples were prepared for microleakage evaluation under a stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at P < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the microleakage of occlusal and gingival margins between the TBO and control groups (P > 0.05). Also, the microleackage of occlusal margins between groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05) but microleackage of gingival margins of ICG group was lower than two other groups in a meaningful way (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy with ICG as disinfecting agent in cavity preparations before composite resin restorations decreases the microleackage of gingival margins.

Transvaginal ultrasonography compared with Bishop score for predicting cesarean section after induction of labor.

BACKGROUND: Reproductive health researchers are interested in finding better methods for predicting an unwanted type of delivery after induction of labor. The aim of this study was to compare the value of transvaginal ultrasonography findings and the Bishop score in predicting cesarean section after induction of labor. METHODS: Two hundred women with singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at 37-42 weeks were enrolled in this prospective study. Transvaginal investigation was done for all participants prior to induction. To compare the predictive value of the methods, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and equality of the area under curve (AUC) was tested. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 29.9 years, mean gestational age was 39.6 weeks, and mean gravid was 1.5. The AUC calculated for Bishop score was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.48). The AUC for cervical length measured by ultrasonography was 0.69 (95% CI 0.6-0.77). The AUC for the posterior cervical angle measured by ultrasonography was 0.38 (95% CI 0.29-0.47). Testing equality of the ROC curves for these three methods showed the ROC for cervical length to be statistically different from both Bishop score and posterior cervical angle (P < 0.001). However, the difference in ROC area compared between Bishop score and posterior cervical angle was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings and available information in the literature, it seems that cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography has the potential to replace the traditional Bishop score, provided that such a facility is available when needed.

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on some pregnancy health indices: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Available evidence about the role of supplementary vitamin E in normal pregnancy is inadequate. This study assessed the potential benefit of vitamin E supplementation on some pregnancy health indices. METHODS: A 1:2 weighted simple randomization technique was used to allocate 104 eligible pregnant women to receive vitamin E and 168 women (control) not to receive the drug. Treated women received capsules containing 400 IU vitamin E from week 14 of gestation to the end of the pregnancy. RESULTS: Background variables including maternal age were found to be similarly distributed between the study groups. The rate of maternal and perinatal outcomes including Apgar score and birth weight did not differ significantly between groups. Preeclampsia occurred in 1% of treated women vs 1.78% of control women. CONCLUSION: Giving supplemental vitamin E from the second trimester of pregnancy did not appear to affect the risk of pregnancy outcomes and occurrence of preeclampsia.