A rare case of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in a neonate lamb: Evidence of prenatal transmission.

Cysticercosis develops in lambs following a Cysticercus tenuicollis infestation, which is the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena. A 7-day-old lamb was examined for depression, anorexia, fever (40.5°C), congested mucus membranes, reluctance to move, and a hunched back. Upon necropsy, congestion was noted in the intestines and brain, and the heart had a loose consistency. Soft and pulpy kidneys were evident coupled with watery intestinal contents. Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens type D toxin) was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A transparent cystic structure was incidentally found attached to the pancreas, within which a scolex was well demonstrated upon histopathology. Chronic active peritonitis was diagnosed at the cyst attachment site. C. tenuicollis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and genome sequencing. This report describes prenatal transmission of C. tenuicollis in the present lamb, although this condition is quite rare.

Prevention of LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in sheep by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 10 male Shall sheep were used in two groups and bone marrow samples were collected and BM-MSCs isolated. Then experimental model of ARDS was induced by intrapulmonary injection of LPS to dose of 400 µg/kg. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, 5 × 107 cells of BM-MSCs were autologous transferred in the group of treatment and 1 ml PBS was infused in the group of control as intrapulmonary. Then, the symptoms of clinical, complete blood count, analysis of arterial blood gases and the concentrations of IL6,IL10,TNF-α,total protein, Ig M and albumin BAL were determined before and at times of 3,6,12,24,48,72, and 168 after transplantation/infusion. KEY FINDINGS: The results of the investigations 24 h post-LPS injection(time 0) indicated the occurrence of acute inflammation which confirmed ARDS model. These changes included increase in RR, HR and RT, decrease in PO2 and SatO2 and increase in PCO2, WBC, neutrophils, macrophages, total protein,IL6,IL10, TNF-α,Ig M and albumin. But the stem/stromal cells transplantation reduced the severity of clinical signs induced by LPS, caused significant increase in PO2, SatO2 and IL-10 and significant decrease in PCO2, the total protein, TNF-α,IL-6, Ig M, albumin, WBCs, neutrophils and macrophages at different times of sampling both in compared with before transplantation(time 0) and in compared with the group of control. While in the control group, inflammation continued until the end of the study. SIGNIFICANCE: These results showed that BM-MSCs are able to reduce inflammation and have an important role in reconstruction of the damaged lung.

A report on Coenuruses cerebralis infection in a wild goat (Capra aegagrus).

Coenurus cerebralis is the larval stage of Taenia multiceps inhabiting the small intestine of dogs and wild carnivores as the definitive hosts. A two-year-old wild female goat (Capra aegagrus) was referred with signs of lateral recumbency and seizure for four days and loss of appetite. In clinical examination, paddling, convulsion, and unconsciousness were observed indicating central nervous system disorder. Biochemical analyses showed increased levels of hematocrit, creatinine phosphorous, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and calcium. No bacteria has been grown on culture medium taken from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The amount of total protein of the CSF was 1.10 g dL-1 (normal range = 20 - 40 mg dL-1). Hematological changes represented a left shift degenerative leukocytosis. At necropsy, two cysts sized over the 3 × 3 cm were detected, one on occipital lobe of the right hemisphere and the other on superior colliculi. The cysts contained a translucent fluid with a number of clusters of scolice growing from the inner layer of the cysts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coenurosis occurrence in Capra aegagrus.

Allium sativum L.: the anti-immature leech (Limnatis nilotica) activity compared to Niclosomide.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of methanolic extracts of Allium sativum L. on Limnatis nilotica compared with Niclosomide. In this experimental study in September 2010, a number of leeches (70 in total) from the southern area of Ilam province were prepared, and the effects of methanolic extract of A. sativum L. with Niclosomide as the control drug were compared and distilled water was evaluated as the placebo group which investigated L. nilotica using anti-leech assay. The average time of paralysis and death of L. nilotica for Niclosomide (1,250 mg/kg) and the methanol extract of A. sativum L. (600 µg/ml) were 6.22 ± 2.94 and 68.44 ± 28.39 min, respectively. Distilled water and garlic tablets at a dose of 400 mg were determined as the inert group. In this research, the attraction time of the leeches' death among different treatments is significant. In this study, it was determined that Niclosomide, with an intensity of 4+, and methanolic extracts of A. sativum L., with an intensity of 3+, have a good anti-leech effect and can be shown to be effective in cases of leech biting, while distilled water was negative.