Impacto da disponibilização de stents farmacológicos para pacientes do sistema único de saúde nas indicações de revascularização miocárdica / Impact of drug-eluting stent availability on indications for coronary revacularization in patients from the public healthcare system

Introdução: Os stents farmacológicos (SFs) ainda não estão disponíveis para uso clínico em pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o quanto a disponibilidade de SFs para utilização em pacientes do SUS poderia impactar na conduta do cardiologista intervencionista com relação à indicação de revascularização miocárdica, cirúrgica ou percutânea. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos casos submetidos a revascularização cirúrgica pelo SUS em 2010 na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Barra Mansa (Barra Mansa, RJ, Brasil). As coronariografias, classificadas pelo SYNTAX Score, foram submetidas à avaliação de três cardiologistas intervencionistas, juntamente com o seguinte questionário: 1) Concorda com a indicação inicial de cirurgia? 2) Utilizando SF, considera que a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) seria tão benéfica quanto ou superior à cirurgia? 3) Caso optasse pelo implante de SF, quantos seriam utilizados? 4) Com SF, a revascularização seria completa? Foram excluídos os casos de revascularização cirúrgica prévia, plastia/troca valvar concomitante, e resposta “não” à questão 1 do questionário. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 67 pacientes, com média de idade de 59,7 ± 9,8 anos, 59,7% do sexo masculino e 38,8% diabéticos. Em 29,8% a ICP foi considerada o procedimento de escolha, com revascularização completa em 90% dos casos e uso médio de 1,82 ± 0,83 stent por paciente. De acordo com o SYNTAX Score, a ICP foi indicada em 66,6% dos pacientes com escore < 23, em 23% dos pacientes com escore entre 23 e 32, e em nenhum paciente com escore > 32. Conclusões: A disponibilização de SF para pacientes do SUS pode influenciar significativamente as indicações de revascularização miocárdica percutânea, principalmente naqueles com SYNTAX Score < 23.

BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents (DES) are still not accessible for patients from the Public Healthcare System (PuHS). This study aimed to evaluate how the availability of DES for use in PuHS patients could impact the conduct of the interventional cardiologist regarding the indication for percutaneous or surgical myocardial revascularization. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of PuHS patients undergoing surgical revascularization at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Barra Mansa (Barra Mansa, RJ, Brazil) in 2010. Coronary angiographies classified by the SYNTAX score were submitted to the evaluation of 3 interventional cardiologists who answered the following questionnaire: 1) Do you agree with the initial indication for surgery? 2) If a DES was available, do you believe the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) would be as beneficial as or superior to surgical revascularization? 3) If you decide to use DES, how many would be used? 4) After using DES, would revascularization be complete? Patients submitted to previous surgical revascularization, concomitant valvoplasty/valve replacement and a negative answer to question 1 were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were included, with mean age of 59.7 ± 9.8 years, 59.7% were male and 38.8% diabetics. PCI was the therapy of choice in 29.8%, with complete revascularization in 90% of the cases and a mean use of 1.82 ± 0.83 stents per patient. According to the SYNTAX score, PCI was indicated in 66.6% of the patients with a score < 23, in 23% of the patients with a score from 23 to 32 and none of the patients with a score > 32. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of DES for PuHS patients may significantly influence indications for percutaneous coronary revascularization, especially among those with a SYNTAX score < 23.

Cavitated conglomerate mass in silicosis indicating associated tuberculosis.

Silicosis is the most common occupational lung disease worldwide. It leads to respiratory impairment and may have associated infections that decrease pulmonary function. We describe the case of a 55-year-old man with chronic silicosis who presented with hemoptysis and a cavitated conglomerate mass. The final diagnosis was silicotuberculosis.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: a case report with emphasis on imaging findings.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of small calculi in the alveolar space. The authors report a case of a 21-year-old man with a 2-year history of shortness of breath on exertion and dry cough. Physical examination was altered only for crackles at auscultation. Pulmonary function revealed a mild restrictive ventilatory defect and the chest radiograph demonstrated paracardiac confluence of dense micronodular infiltrate. High-resolution CT scan revealed diffuse ground glass attenuation and septal thickening, more pronounced in lower pulmonary regions, with calcifications along the interlobar septa and subpleural regions. A transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PAM.

Sclerosing variant of the bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: imaging findings in an atypical case.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma remains one of the most enigmatic lung cancers, demonstrating varied growth patterns, mixed histological features, and confusing clinical manifestations. This paper reports a case of an unusual form of presentation: a sclerosing type associated with desmoplastic reaction and cicatrization. A 75-year-old woman was admitted with persistent dry cough and progressive dyspnea. Physical examination showed bilateral inspiratory crackles. A chest radiograph and high-resolution computed tomography demonstrated confluent airspace nodules, forming areas of consolidation in both lungs, with signs of architectural distortion. The lung biopsy revealed a nonmucinous sclerosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

Spontaneous pneumothorax as an atypical presentation of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report with emphasis on the imaging findings.

We describe the case of a 45-year-old male with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis and spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient presented to the hospital with sudden and intense chest pain accompanied by dyspnea and had a six-month history of dry cough, weight loss, and progressive dyspnea on exertion. Chest X-ray showed a small right pneumothorax, bilateral nonhomogeneous opacities, and emphysematous areas in the lung base. Chest computed tomography showed consolidation in both lungs, with architectural distortion, nodules, interlobular septal thickening, and emphysema, in addition to the right pneumothorax. A lung biopsy revealed yeast consistent with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. No drainage was needed, and the lung was re-expanded. The patient was treated with antifungal drugs, showed mild improvement, and was referred to outpatient care.

Hyalinizing granuloma: an unusual case of a pulmonary mass.

We describe the case of pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma in a 34-year-old asymptomatic man who presented with a pulmonary nodule apparent by chest radiography and computed tomography (CT). He had a history of previous treatment for tuberculosis. His laboratory data were normal. Bronchoscopy and CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology were inconclusive. The diagnosis was revealed after the histopathological examination of an open lung biopsy.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma with micronodular lung metastases: a case report with an emphasis on the imaging findings.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy that arises from calcitonin-producing C-cells and frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes in the neck. Distant metastases may involve bone, lung, and liver. The infrequent number of cases limits the clinical nature and ability to optimize diagnostic tools. Here, we present a case of a micronodular radiographic pattern in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer in order to enhance awareness of the disease process. A case discussion and relevant review of the literature are provided.

Colon mucinous adenocarcinoma in childhood: a case report with emphasis on image findings.

Colorectal cancer is extremely rare in children. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with a five-month history of weight loss and anorexia, associated with vomiting episodes, dizziness, fatigue, and dyspnea. On physical examination, a palpable abdominal mass was noticed on the right hypochondrium and flank. An imaging study was performed, which showed a solid mass on the right colon. The patient underwent incisional surgical biopsy, and subsequent histopathologic analysis revealed a colon mucinous adenocarcinoma.