Amelioration of some immunological disorders caused by the faeces of the dominant true house dust mites in El-Minia Governorate, Egypt.

BACKGROUND: House dust mites (HDMs) faeces are the main factor involved in respiratory disorder. The true HDMs, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, detected in the samples collected from the house dust are the most important causes of allergic disorders such as asthma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to study the curcuma and karkade amelioration of the allergenic immunological disorder, especially some cytokines, IgE and ROS, caused by the faeces of the dominant true HDM, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae in valley and desert houses in EL-Minia Governorate, respectively. METHODS: HDM cultures, faeces isolation, plant extraction and ELISA techniques were used. Male albino rats were classified into control, inhaled, and treated groups. RESULTS: The present immunological study on the dominant allergenic true HDMs, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, revealed that significantly higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-13 and IgE were found in rats treated with both D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae faeces than the other groups. In addition, statistical analysis of ROS data showed significant difference between the curcuma- and karkade-treated groups and either the control or the faeces-treated groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Some immunological disturbances caused by repeated exposure to the faeces of two dominant allergenic true HDM species (D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae) in the valley and desert houses could be ameliorated by curcuma and karkade.

Effect of different diets on Tyrophagus putrescentiae population and amelioration of their immunological disorder by garlic.

BACKGROUND: The storage mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, detected in the samples collected from stored products and house dust, is one of the major causes of allergic disorders. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to ameliorate the T. putrescentiae faeces allergic immunological disorder by garlic. METHODS: Albino experimental rats were classified into control, inhaled and treated groups. Mass rearing of T. putrescentiae on different diets, and ELISA of some cytokines and IgE techniques were used. RESULTS: The results obtained showed the highest population of T. putrescentiae reared in four from thirteen tested diets. In addition, significantly higher serum levels of INF-γ and IgE were found in rats treated with faeces than the other groups; especially the garlic-treated group. In contrast, IL-4 was lower in faeces-treated rats than the others; however, the control group had the highest level of IL-4. Statistical analysis of data showed a significant difference between the garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The population of T. putrescentiae mites peaked in four from thirteen tested diets. The immunological disorder caused by repeated exposure to T. putrescentiae faeces might be modulated by garlic.

Expression of CD11b and CD18 on polymorphonuclear neutrophils stimulated with interleukin-2.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphocyte-activating and growth-promoting factor, and has been widely studied on T-cells and NK-cells. However, the interaction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with IL-2 is poorly studied and thus, this study aimed at defining IL-2 participation in the expression of CD11b and CD18 on PMNs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PMNs were isolated from heparinized whole blood of healthy donors. Purified cells were incubated with IL-2 (10 ng/ml) for 24 hours at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. After 24 hours' incubation, surface molecules (CD11b and CD18) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Interestingly, the antibodies of IL-2Rß chain (CD122-FITC) were found in all observed cells. The induction of CD11b mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in highly purified PMNs stimulated with IL-2 was clearly increased recording 43% in comparison to the freshly isolated PMNs and the un-stimulated PMNs which were found to be 23% and 28% of CD11b, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the highly purified PMNs exposed to IL-2 showed an increase in CD18 MFI, recording 47% with respect to that of the freshly isolated PMNs and PMNs cultured with the medium alone which showed a small amount of 38% and 27%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrated that CD11b and CD18 had been acquired on the surface of the IL-2-in vitro-activated PMNs. These findings indicated that IL-2 may play a crucial role in PMNs migration.

Beneficial effect of garlic on d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatic failure in male albino rats

Background and aims: Activation of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine cascade, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-4, is considered to play an important role in severe liver injury. Kupffer cells, resident macrophages of the liver, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release pro-inflammatory cytokine. d-Galactosamine (d-GalN), a hepatocyte-specific inhibitor of RNA synthesis, is known to sensitise animals to the lethal effects of LPS. In the present study we seek to reverse some altered parameters, immunological and histopathological, to normal values of rats pre-treated with garlic. Methods: Acute hepatic failure was induced in male albino rats by the intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg d-GalN and 50 microg LPS/kg body weight. Expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. Leukocytes proliferation was carried out by differential count. For histopathology, liver sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Data were analysed by SPSS program version 13.0. Results: The data showed significant increase in the numbers of granulocytes, but with significant decreases in lymphocyte and monocytes proliferation and the TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels ind-GalN/LPS-induced group. Garlic pre-treatment of liver-injured rats induced significant amelioration in the numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes, with significant increase in granulocytes numbers, TNF-alpha level and IL-4 level. Conclusions: Results of this study revealed that garlic could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of d-GalN/LPS-induced hepatocellular injury(AU)

Seasonal population of Acarus siro mites and effects of their faeces on allergenic immunological disorder modulated by garlic in albino rat

Background: Mites are the main factor involved in respiratory disorder. Acarus siro is the most allergenic species of mite detected in the samples collected from flour mills. Objective: This work aimed to ameliorate the A. siro faeces allergenic disorder by garlic extract. Methods: Albino experimental rats were classified into three groups (native, inhaled and treated). Mites extract, ELISA and leukocytes differential counts techniques were used. Results: The data obtained showed that the highest densities of A. siro in the samples collected from flour mills in El-Minia governorate during the period of February 2009 to January 2010 were recorded during the spring and autumn seasons. In addition, significantly higher serum levels of INF-epsilon and IgE were found in rats treated with faeces than the other groups, especially the garlic-treated group. In contrast, IL-4 was lower in faeces-treated rats than the others; however, the native group had the highest level of IL-4. The leukocytes differential count showed that eosinophil and basophil percentages in faeces-inhaled group are higher than both the native group and the garlic-treated group. Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The population of A. siro mites peaked in spring and autumn. The immunological disorder caused by repeated exposure to A. siro faeces might be modulated by garlic(AU)

Beneficial effect of garlic on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatic failure in male albino rats.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Activation of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine cascade, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-4, is considered to play an important role in severe liver injury. Kupffer cells, resident macrophages of the liver, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release pro-inflammatory cytokine. D-Galactosamine (D-GalN), a hepatocyte-specific inhibitor of RNA synthesis, is known to sensitise animals to the lethal effects of LPS. In the present study we seek to reverse some altered parameters, immunological and histopathological, to normal values of rats pre-treated with garlic. METHODS: Acute hepatic failure was induced in male albino rats by the intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg D-GalN and 50 µg LPS/kg body weight. Expression levels of TNF-α and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. Leukocytes proliferation was carried out by differential count. For histopathology, liver sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Data were analysed by SPSS program version 13.0. RESULTS: The data showed significant increase in the numbers of granulocytes, but with significant decreases in lymphocyte and monocytes proliferation and the TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels in D-GalN/LPS-induced group. Garlic pre-treatment of liver-injured rats induced significant amelioration in the numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes, with significant increase in granulocytes numbers, TNF-α level and IL-4 level. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study revealed that garlic could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatocellular injury.

Seasonal population of Acarus siro mites and effects of their faeces on allergenic immunological disorder modulated by garlic in albino rat.

BACKGROUND: Mites are the main factor involved in respiratory disorder. Acarus siro is the most allergenic species of mite detected in the samples collected from flour mills. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to ameliorate the A. siro faeces allergenic disorder by garlic extract. METHODS: Albino experimental rats were classified into three groups (native, inhaled and treated). Mites extract, ELISA and leukocytes differential counts techniques were used. RESULTS: The data obtained showed that the highest densities of A. siro in the samples collected from flour mills in El-Minia governorate during the period of February 2009 to January 2010 were recorded during the spring and autumn seasons. In addition, significantly higher serum levels of INF-γ and IgE were found in rats treated with faeces than the other groups, especially the garlic-treated group. In contrast, IL-4 was lower in faeces-treated rats than the others; however, the native group had the highest level of IL-4. The leukocytes differential count showed that eosinophil and basophil percentages in faeces-inhaled group are higher than both the native group and the garlic-treated group. Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference between garlic-treated group and either control or faeces-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The population of A. siro mites peaked in spring and autumn. The immunological disorder caused by repeated exposure to A. siro faeces might be modulated by garlic.