Tolerability and Efficacy of Ipragliflozin in The Management of Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

AIM: Ipragliflozin is a new antidiabetic agent that works through enhancing renal glucose excretion. We aim to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the safety and efficacy of ipragliflozin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central register of clinical trials using relevant keywords. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager Version 5.3 for windows. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: We included 13 RCTs (N=2535 patients) in the final analysis. The overall effect estimates favoured ipragliflozin 50mg monotherapy group over placebo in terms of: HbA1c (Standardized mean difference (SMD)=-1.20%, 95% Confidence interval (95% CI)=[-1.47, -0.93]; p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose (SMD=-1.30 mg/dL, 95% CI [-1.93, -0.67]; p<0.001), fasting serum insulin (SMD=-1.64 µU/mL, 95% CI [-2.70, -0.59]; p=0.002), and body weight (SMD=-0.85 kg, 95% CI [-1.19, -0.51]; p<0.001). Similarly, better glycemic control and significant body weight reduction compared to placebo were attained in ipragliflozin 50 mg combination with metformin, insulin with/without dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone. Ipragliflozin, either alone or in combination, exhibits acceptable safety profile. CONCLUSION: The presented meta-analysis provides class one evidence that ipragliflozin is safe and effective in the management of T2DM either as monotherapy or an add-on.

The efficacy of local anesthetics in pain relief during colposcopic-guided biopsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Colposcopy is an office gynecological procedure used for cervical evaluation in patients with abnormal cervical cytology. It is considered an important tool for early detection of cases of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of local anesthetics in pain relief during colposcopic-guided biopsy. DATA SOURCES: Several electronic databases included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ISI and Scopus were searched using the relevant MeSH terms. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: All RCTs assessing the effect of local anesthetics in relieving pain during colposcopy were considered for this meta-analysis. There were 1339 studies identified of which 11 studies deemed eligible for this review. We performed quality and risk of bias assessment for all included studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Three researchers independently extracted the data from the individual articles and entered it into RevMan software. The extracted outcomes included pain scores and the duration of the procedure. RESULTS: Eleven RCTs were included. Local anesthesia (LA) was associated with higher pain at speculum insertion than control (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI [0.03, 0.43]). While, LA significantly reduced biopsy pain than control (SMD= -0.57, 95% CI [-0.94, -0.20]). The overall pooled estimate showed no significant difference between LA and control regarding postprocedural pain, pain on endocervical curettage, pain expectancy, and overall pain scores. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that local anesthetics are effective in pain relief during a colposcopic-guided biopsy; however there is no strong evidence to recommend its use in current practice.