Carnosine Remedial Effect on Fertility of Male Rats Receiving Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin and Prednisone (CHOP).

Chemotherapeutic agents can impair gonadal function triggering infertility. Here, we probed the properties of carnosine as an antioxidant in reproductive disorders caused by the combination of cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin), oncovin (vincristine) and prednisone (CHOP); this combination is mostly used in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Animals were distributed into four groups: Group I was the control. Group II received carnosine (250mg kg day-1 , i.p.); Group III received CHOP: cyclophosphamide (27 mg/kg/cycle), doxorubicin (1.8 mg/kg/cycle) and vincristine (0.05 mg/kg /cycle) by i.p. plus oral prednisone (1.47 mg kg-1  day-1 /cycle) for five days. Group IV received carnosine plus CHOP. The study involved 4 cycles each of 3 weeks. Also, we explored the effect of combining carnosine with CHOP on the development of solid Ehrlich carcinoma in mice. CHOP lowered genitals weight, sperm count and motility, testicular function marker enzymes, serum testosterone level and gene expression of 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Furthermore, CHOP elevated testicular oxidative stress, serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and triggered DNA damage. Morphometric and histopathological examinations of testicular tissues buttressed the biochemical results. Importantly, administration of carnosine ameliorated CHOP-induced alterations without diminishing CHOP's antineoplastic action. These results indicated that carnosine may ameliorate reproductive disorders induced by CHOP.

In vivo ameliorative effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles in isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxicity.

BACKGROUND: Cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained much more attention especially in the field of nanomedicine. This work represents cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new prophylactic model for heart failure progression. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential protective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. METHODS: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (5±1nm) were synthesized by reverse micelle method and characterized using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and particle size analyzer. The experiments were performed on 96 male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly allocated into eight groups. Namely; two Negative and positive control groups, captopril administered group, Nano-ceria (low dose) group, Nano-ceria (high dose) group, Captopril- Isoproterenol group, Nano-ceria (low dose)-Isoproterenol group and Nano-ceria (high dose)-Isoproterenol group. Cardio toxic rat model was induced by subcutaneous administration of Isoproterenol (ISO) (30mg/kg) for two consecutive days in adult male rats. Two doses (0.5 and 5µg/kg/week) of cerium oxide nanoparticles were applied for five weeks and 50mg/kg/day of Captopril was used as a reference drug. Cardiac marker enzymes, Cortisol and Aldosterone hormones were assessed in serum. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters and histopathological examination in heart tissues were also determined. RESULTS: These dose of nano-ceria, showed a promising ameliorative and prophylactic effect against cardiac toxicity compared to Captopril reference drug. Serum cardiac markers were decreased by noticeable percentage, CK-MB (50% and 57%), LDH (47% and 57.7%), AST (38% and 36.5%) and ALT (33.5% and 30.6%) for both doses respectively, while increased tissues level of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (48% - 26%) and superoxide dismutase (64%, 143%). CONCLUSION: These consistent biochemical and histopathological results suggest that, nano-ceria could be used as effective antioxidant in prophylactic protocols for management of cardiac disorders associated with oxidative stress.