Sheffield modified technique for external cephalic version.

External cephalic version (ECV) is the manipulation of the fetus, through the maternal abdomen, to a cephalic presentation. The incidence of caesarean section for breech presentation has increased markedly in the last 20 years. External version has become more popular in the past 10 years because of the increasing evidence of risks from vaginal breech delivery, increasing demand on the reduction of caesarean sections, a strong safety record, and high success rate of ECV of up to 80%. The use of external cephalic version can produce considerable cost savings in the management of the breech presentation at term; however, there is a wide variation in the success rate, with a range between 30-80%. The ECV technique has remained unchanged for many generations without any modification. This paper provides the outcome of a small prospective study implementing a modified technique for ECV, which has a high success rate.

[Total protein, urea and blood sugar in healthy calves and calves with diarrhea]. / Izsledvane na obsht beltuk, ureia i kruvna zakhar pri zdravi i bolni ot diariia teleta.

Studied was the amount of the total protein, the urea, and the blood sugar in both normal calves and calves that were affected with enteritis with frequent isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and corona and rotaviruses. Stated are the normal values of these indices in calves aged from 1 to 6 days as well as from 7 to 15 days. It was found that with diarrhea-affected calves there were hypoproteinaemia, rise of urea, and very commonly encountered drop of blood sugar in the course of the diseases.

[Acid-base equilibrium in calves with enteritis]. / Kiselinno-alkalno ravnovesie pri teleta s enterit.

Studied were the indices of the acid-alkaline balance and the lactate level in a total of 19 Black-and-white calves manifesting clinical forms of enteritis as well as in 10 clinically normal calves that belonged to the same breed. In most of the calves affected with enteritis the blood pH values proved essentially lower than those found in normal calves. Differences were established between the normal and the diseased animals with regard to ABE, HCO-3, and pCO2, the ABE values with some of the animals with enteritis reaching -9.2 mmol/l, and the HCO-3 values--up to 16.5 mmol/l. Enteritis animals also showed higher pCO2 values than normal ones. The differences observed in the acid-alkaline balance pointed to the presence of metabolic respiratory acidosis in calves with clinical enteritis.

[Sodium, potassium and chlorine in the blood serum of healthy calves and calves with diarrhea]. / Izsledvane na natrii, kalii i khlor v kruven serum pri zdravi i bolni ot diariia teleta.

Studied were a total of 60 normal and 91 diarrhea-affected calves of the Black-and-White breed, divided into groups of 1 to 6 days and of 7 to 14 days of age. The diseased animals were the offsprings of cows which had had acidosis, ketosis, and osteomalacia during pregnancy. Sodium and potassium were determined with the use of a flame photometer 'Spectromom', and chlorine--after Rusznyak. The data obtained was treated through variational statistic methods. It was found that with newborn normal calves, aged 1 to 14 days there was a tendency toward the drop of sodium and potassium in the blood serum, while chlorine did not change with age. Calves with scours showed a lowering trend with regard to sodium and chlorine with varying intensity and rise of potassium that was associated with the loss of liquids and more strongly manifested hypovolemia.