Effects of Recovery Mode during High Intensity Interval Training on Glucoregulatory Hormones and Glucose Metabolism in Response to Maximal Exercise.

Catecholamines [adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA)] are known to stimulate glucose metabolism at rest and in response to maximal exercise. However, training and recovery mode can alter theses hormones. Thus our study aims to examine the effects of recovery mode during High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on glucoregulatory hormone responses to maximal exercise in young adults. Twenty-four male enrolled in this randomized study, assigned to: control group (eg, n=6), and two HIIT groups: intermittent exercise (30 s run/30 s recovery) with active (arg, n=9) or passive (prg, n=9) recovery, arg and prg performed HIIT 3 times weekly for 7 weeks. Before and after HIIT, participants undergo a Maximal Graded Test (MGT). Plasma catecholamines, glucose, insulin, growth hormone (Gh) and cortisol were determined at rest, at the end of MGT, after 10 and 30 min of recovery. After training V02max and Maximal Aerobic Velocity (MAV) increased significantly (p<0.05) in arg. After HIIT and in response to MGT plasma glucose increase significantly (p=0.008) lesser in arg compared to prg whereas insulin concentrations were similar. The glucose/insulin ratio was significantly lower at MGT end (p=0.033) only in arg after training. After HIIT, in response to MGT, plasma A, NA, cortisol and Gh concentrations were significantly higher only in arg (p<0.05). HIIT using active recovery is beneficial for aerobic fitness, plasma glucose and glucoregulatory hormones better than HIIT with passive recovery. These findings suggest that HIIT with active recovery may improve some metabolic and hormonal parameters in young adults.

Athletic performance and weight changes during the "Marathon of Sands" in athletes well-trained in endurance.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the "Marathon of Sands" (MS), a 7-day, self-sufficient-diet, multi-stage running race across a section of the Moroccan desert, on body weight and plasma volume variation (PVV) and the relationship of these factors to performance in athletes who are well-trained in endurance. Sixteen MS runners agreed to participate in this study. Weight and body composition were measured and venous blood samples were taken before the first stage (D0), after the third stage (D3) and at the end of the MS (after the sixth stage: D6). Haematocrit and haemoglobin were used to calculate PVV at (D0, D3, and D6). No significant plasma volume decrease was observed throughout the race. Significant decreases in total body weight (BW), fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were observed in D3 and D6 (-4.3%, -3.5%, -0.8%; and -6.1%, -5%, -1.1%, respectively, for BW, FFM and FM at D3 and D6). This study clearly shows that, despite extreme conditions, the MS did not lead to a significant PV decrease in athletes well-trained in endurance. This study also supports the hypothesis that significant body weight loss may not systematically affect performances during long duration multiple-stage races.

Reorganization of dorsal root ganglion neurons following chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury: correlation with morphine and lidocaine analgesia.

Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve is an animal model for neuropathic pain. In this model, the analgesic potency of systemic morphine was significantly diminished in nerve-injured mice (ED(50) 19.4 mg/kg) compared with sham-operated mice (ED(50) 3.3 mg/kg) using a unilateral hot plate withdrawal test, with a similar reduction in sensitivity of intrathecal morphine. The sciatic nerve injury resulted in a reorganization of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Immunohistochemically, the chronic constriction injury triggered a withdrawal of C-fibers from the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Although A-beta terminals centrally sprouted into Lamina II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the peripheral A-beta fibers in the skin retracted from the epidermis to deeper layers of the dermis. To explore the functional significance of these dermal changes, we examined the topical morphine and lidocaine analgesia following chronic sciatic nerve constriction. Both morphine and lidocaine retained topical activity following chronic sciatic nerve injury, but their analgesic dose-response curves were shifted to the right when compared to sham-operated mice. Thus, the chronic nerve constriction injury model is associated with pathological changes in distribution of the central and peripheral axons of the dorsal root ganglion neurons that correspond to a decreased pharmacological sensitivity to topical analgesic agents.

[Allogenic bone marrow transplantation complications. Part II]. / Greffe de moelle osseuse allogénique complications. 2ème Partie.

Bone marrow transplantation increase the chances of cure of many hematology and also neoplasms cancers. The procedure is however a cause of expected mortality and morbidity. The complications are represented by mucocutaneous, toxicity graft versus host disease, veno-occlusive disease and most importantly injections consequences all this complications needs to be prevented and treated considering the risk associated to the moderling immunosuppression.

Large-scale DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains as a tool for epidemiological studies of tuberculosis.

We conducted a large-scale DNA fingerprinting analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in a country in which tuberculosis is endemic (Tunisia) in order to evaluate the importance of microepidemics in the maintenance of the disease within the population. The genetic polymorphisms of 201 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from 196 unrelated patients living in four districts of northern Tunisia during a 3-year period were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis by using the insertion sequence IS6110 as a probe. Seventy-three strains isolated from 68 patients living in the districts of Tunis, Nabeul, and Jendouba generated 67 different RFLPs, indicating a high degree of polymorphism of the M. tuberculosis strains within these areas. In contrast, the 128 strains isolated from individuals in the district of Menzel Bourguiba appeared much less heterogeneous since they often generated identical or very similar fingerprints. Seventeen of 29 cases (58%) of active tuberculosis in the city of Menzel Bourguiba could be traced to as few as four M. tuberculosis strains. These results indicate the persistence of underestimated microepidemics in this region. The RFLP typing of a large number of randomly collected strains provides a general picture of the strains involved in tuberculosis. The systematic study of limited areas where tuberculosis is endemic can provide evidence for the existence of persisting epidemics. This stresses the different problems which remain to be solved in order to improve the control of tuberculosis.