RESUMO
Systems pharmacology modeling and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of drug-induced effects on cardiovascular (CV) function plays a crucial role in understanding the safety risk of new drugs. The aim of this review is to outline the current modeling and simulation (M&S) approaches to describe and translate drug-induced CV effects, with an emphasis on how this impacts drug safety assessment. Current limitations are highlighted and recommendations are made for future effort in this vital area of drug research.
RESUMO
We aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and other associated comorbid mental health problems in Palestinian schoolchildren. Thus 349 children aged 6-15 years were randomly selected from 23 schools in Gaza and the West Bank and were rated by their parents and teachers using both the ADHD DSM-IV Checklist and the Strengths and the Difficulties Questionnaire, which also measures conduct and emotional problems. There was a significant agreement between parents and teachers, with 4.3% of the children rated above the established cut-off scores on both the parent and teacher DSM-IV Checklist. Male gender, family size and living in an area of socioeconomic deprivation were independently associated with ADHD symptoms.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Criança , Comorbidade , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Docentes , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Pais/psicologia , Prevalência , Características de Residência , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
We aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] symptoms and other associated comorbid mental health problems in Palestinian schoolchildren Thus 349 children aged 6-15 years were randomly selected from 23 schools in Gaza and the West Bank and were rated by their parents and teachers using both the ADHD DSM-IV Checklist and the Strengths and the Difficulties Questionnaire, which also measures conduct and emotional problems. There was a significant agreement between parents and teachers, with 4.3% of the children rated above the established cut-off scores on both the parent and teacher DSM-IV Checklist. Male gender, family size and living in an area of socioeconomic deprivation were independently associated with ADHD symptoms
