Do parents need application-based learning media to learn baby massage? A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Growth and development delays can occur in childhood under five years. Early stimulation is very important to help babies grow according to their age which can be done with baby massage. Increasing the skills of parents in learning baby massage is a main focus because parents are the closest people to babies. This initial research was conducted to determine the learning media needed by parents in learning baby massage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative research with a phenomenological approach was used to explore the views of parents, providers/health workers, Information Technology (IT) experts, and media design experts. Focus group discussion (FGD) was used to obtain information from a number of samples taken by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 11 people consisting of four parents with babies aged 0-12 months, two IT experts, one media design expert, and four midwives involved in FGD. There was an agreement that an android application-based baby massage media was needed to include a baby massage video feature that was made every step of baby massage, starting with baby massage of the feet, hands, stomach, chest, face, and back. The baby massage application will be equipped with a baby massage feature that conveys the benefits of baby massage, massage instructions, diaries, and contact midwives. CONCLUSION: Parents who have babies, midwives who are competent in the implementation of baby massage, IT experts, and media design experts agree to develop learning media for the baby massage based on android applications by developing six features and systems.

The influence of fluoride in drinking water on the incidence of fluorosis and intelligence of elementary school students in Palu City.

OBJECTIVE: This research aims to know the influence of fluoride in drinking water towards Fluorosis and the Intelligence Level of Elementary School Students in Palu City. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was performed through descriptive analysis on 100 students aged 6-12 years old selected by stratified random sampling from two different areas with different levels of fluoride in drinking water in Palu City. The samples were collected from two different elementary schools which were SDN 2 Talise and SDN Inpres 1 Birobuli. The examination was performed by a dentist using Dean's Fluorosis Index and philology, who measured students' IQ using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. RESULTS: High level of F in drinking water affects the fluorosis status of students (p=0.001), in which among 40 students (40%) who experienced fluorosis, 38 (38%) of them are from the area whose F level is high. The high level of F also affected the children's IQ, obtaining a p-value of 0.001, showing that there were no students with low IQ found in the area with low F level. For the status of Fluorosis and IQ, p=0.001 was obtained. Among the 60 students who did not experience fluorosis, 96.6% of them had a high IQ level. CONCLUSION: The recent research found that fluorosis was found more often in the area of which F level was high, where the IQ level of the students was found to be lower compared to the students who loved in the area with low F level.

The influence of fluoride in drinking water on the incidence of fluorosis and intelligence of elementary school students in Palu City

Objective: This research aims to know the influence of fluoride in drinking water towards Fluorosis and the Intelligence Level of Elementary School Students in Palu City. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed through descriptive analysis on 100 students aged 6–12 years old selected by stratified random sampling from two different areas with different levels of fluoride in drinking water in Palu City. The samples were collected from two different elementary schools which were SDN 2 Talise and SDN Inpres 1 Birobuli. The examination was performed by a dentist using Dean's Fluorosis Index and philology, who measured students’ IQ using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. Results: High level of F in drinking water affects the fluorosis status of students (p = 0.001), in which among 40 students (40%) who experienced fluorosis, 38 (38%) of them are from the area whose F level is high. The high level of F also affected the children's IQ, obtaining a p-value of 0.001, showing that there were no students with low IQ found in the area with low F level. For the status of Fluorosis and IQ, p = 0.001 was obtained. Among the 60 students who did not experience fluorosis, 96.6% of them had a high IQ level. Conclusion: The recent research found that fluorosis was found more often in the area of which F level was high, where the IQ level of the students was found to be lower compared to the students who loved in the area with low F level. (AU)