Metabolic syndrome and its components in adult hypopituitary patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adult hypopituitary patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of hypopituitary adult patients followed in a single reference center for pituitary diseases. MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Patients with 18 years or older, presenting two or more anterior pituitary deficiencies associated or not with diabetes insipidus (DI), were included, while patients with hypopituitarism due to Acromegaly or Cushing's disease were excluded. RESULTS: We studied 99 hypopituitary patients (52 males, mean age 50.1 ± 16.3 years, mean age at diagnosis 33.7 ± 17.6 years) who have been followed for a mean time of 15.9 ± 10.1 years. Hypothalamic-pituitary tumors and non-tumoral etiologies were observed in 53.4% and 46.6% of the cases, respectively. FSH/LH, GH, TSH, ACTH deficiency and DI was present in 99%, 98.6%, 96%, 81.8%, and 23.2%, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 39.4% and was significantly higher in patients older than 50 years (p = 0.02), overweight/obese (p < 0.001), with hypopituitarism diagnosed in adult life (p = 0.02), who did not replace GH (p = 0.004) and in smokers (p = 0.007). In the logistic regression model, body mass index (BMI) and GH replacement were significantly associated with the presence of MetS. Reduced HDL cholesterol was the most prevalent component of MetS in hypopituitary patients. CONCLUSIONS: MetS is a common finding in adult hypopituitary patients, which is mainly influenced by increased BMI and untreated GH deficiency. Trial Registration number (Plataforma Brasil): CAAE 51008815.2.0000.0096 (May 31, 2017) .

Direct proof by (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance of semi-purified extract and isolation of ent-Catechin from leaves of Eucalyptus cinerea.

BACKGROUND: Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. is native to Australia and acclimatized to Southern Brazil. Its aromatic leaves are used for ornamental purposes and have great potential for essential oil production, although reports of its use in folk medicine are few. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the composition of E. cinerea leaves using the solid state (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and isolation of the compound from the semipurified extract (SE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SE of E. cinerea leaves was evaluated in the solid state by (13)C-NMR spectrum, and the SE was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column, followed by high-speed counter-current chromatography to isolate the compound. The SE was analyzed by (13)C-NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight spectra. RESULTS: Flavan-3-ol units were present, suggesting the presence of proanthocyanidins as well as a gallic acid unit. The uncommon ent-catechin was isolated. CONCLUSION: The presence of ent-catechin is reported for the first time in this genus and species.

Essential Oils from Different Plant Parts of Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. (Myrtaceae) as a Source of 1,8-Cineole and Their Bioactivities.

Eucalyptus cinerea, known as silver dollar tree, has few descriptions in traditional medicine. Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oils of leaves, flowers and fruits, collected seasonally, were determined by GC/MS and disk diffusion/MIC, respectively. 1,8-Cineole was the main compound, particularly in fresh leaves-Spring (74.98%), dried leaves-Spring (85.32%), flowers-Winter (78.76%) and fruits-Winter (80.97%). Other compounds were found in the aerial parts in all seasons: α-pinene (2.41% to 10.13%), limonene (1.46% to 4.43%), α-terpineol (1.73% to 11.72%), and α-terpinyl acetate (3.04% to 20.44%). The essential oils showed antimicrobial activities against bacteria and yeasts, with the best results being found for the dried autumn and winter leaves oils (MIC < 0.39 mg/mL) against Streptococcus pyogenes. For the other tested microorganisms the following MIC results were found: Staphylococcus aureus-Dried leaves oil from summer (0.78 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Flowers oil from autumn and fruits oil from winter (1.56 mg/mL) and Candida albicans-Flowers oil from autumn and fruits oils from winter and spring (0.78 mg/mL).