Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: A rare disease due to unawareness, case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is an ultra-rare genetic disorder of progressive soft tissue ossification. Due to unawareness and poor clinical suspicion, the rate of misdiagnosis, delay in diagnosis, and unnecessary diagnostic procedures leading to permanent injury and lifelong disability is common. Here we report this rare genetic disorder in a six years old child who was initially misdiagnosed as multiple exostoses and operated on. CASE PRESENTATION: A 6 year old child presented with swellings over the posterior neck and back for four years. The patient was misdiagnosed as a case of multiple exostoses and an excisional biopsy was done a year back. The swelling worsened after the excision; currently, she cannot move her neck from side to side, and flex and extend. Examination revealed multiple hard and slightly tender masses over the posterior neck, para scapular and thoracolumbar para spinal region. She also has hallux valgus deformity that had been present since birth. CT (computed tomography) scan confirmed extensive extra-skeletal soft tissue ossification. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The progression of heterotopic ossification is characteristically anatomic and orderly, typically initially involving the body's dorsal, axial, cranial, and proximal regions and later in the ventral, appendicular, caudal, and distal regions. Skeletal muscles of the tongue, diaphragm, extra-ocular muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles are inexplicably spared. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis prevents potentially harmful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The characteristic big toes malformation is the most important and best key for the early suspicion of the diagnosis.

Microwave-assisted synthesis for a highly selective rhodamine 6G-derived fluorescent sensor and bioimaging.

A new rhodamine 6G derivative R1 has been synthesized by condensation of rhodamine hydrazide and 6-hydroxymethyl-pyridine using microwave-assisted reaction. Naked-eye colorimetric and photo physical studies show the synthesized compound is selectively sensing Cu2+ in CH3CN/H2O (9:1, v/v) solution. Upon coordination with Cu2+ ion, the spirolactam of R1 is opened, which results in a formation of highly fluorescent complex and change in color of the solution. The Job's plot indicates 1:2 binding stoichiometry between Cu2+ ion and R1. Limit of detection for Cu2+ was determined to be 1.23 µM. The sensor was successfully applied to fluorescent imaging of Cu2+ ion in living cells.

Assessment of predictors for difficult intubation and laryngoscopy in adult elective surgical patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: General anesthesia is not without morbidity. One of the well-known life-threatening events associated with general anesthesia is difficult airway which can happen during induction of anesthesia while attempting to insert the endotracheal tube with the aid of a laryngoscope. Difficult intubation, inadequate ventilation, and esophageal intubation are the principal causes of death or brain damage related to airway manipulation. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and predictors for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation among surgical patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from February 1 to March 30, 2019. Materials &method: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2019 on patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, preanesthetic airway assessment and laryngoscopic view were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 20.0. Chi- square test, binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis were performed. Tables and texts were used to present data. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The magnitude of difficult laryngoscopy, difficult intubation, and failed intubation were 12.2%, 6.1%, and 0.67%, respectively. Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) had a higher sensitivity (90.2%) and negative predictive value of 85.3%. Mallampati had a sensitivity of 45.8% and negative predictive value of 86% in predicting difficult laryngoscopy. Mallampati grade, thyromental distance and ratio of height to thyromental distance (HRTMD) have also showed greater sensitivity (69.6%, 58.3% and 47.8%, respectively) when compared to other tests in predicting difficult intubation. Mallampati class, upper lip bite test (ULBT) and inter-incisor distance (IID) are independent predictors for difficult laryngoscopy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Mallampati class, Thyromental distance and ratio of height to thyromental distance (HRTMD) are identified as independent predictors of difficult intubation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: and recommendation: Mallampati class, Thyromental distance and Ratio of height to Thyromental distance (HRTMD) can predict the probability of difficult endotracheal intubation in adult patients. Whereas, Mallampati class and upper lip bite test (ULBT) predicts higher probability for difficult laryngoscopy.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Studies on Photophysical Properties of Rhodamine Derivatives and Metal Complexes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Rhodamine 6G dyes are low-cost, highly soluble fluorescent dyes frequently utilized as laser dyes, chemical sensors, and as tracer dyes in the determination of the direction and rate of flow of water. In this study, the photophysical properties of three rhodamine 6G dyes, bearing phenyl (P15), furan (P41), and 5-hydroxymethyl furan (P45), and their metal complexes were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. Rhodamine 6G dyes and their complexes were subsequently applied as sensitizing dyes in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells, and the solar to electric power efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed. The solar to electric power efficiency values of the metal complexes of the rhodamine 6G dyes were higher than those of the devices fabricated with only rhodamine dyes without copper (II). The most significant change was observed in rhodamine P41 with a 30% increase in solar to electric power efficiency when the dye was conjugated to the copper ion.

Recent Applications of Dual-Stimuli Responsive Chitosan Hydrogel Nanocomposites as Drug Delivery Tools.

Polysaccharides are a versatile class of macromolecules that are involved in many biological interactions critical to life. They can be further modified for added functionality. Once derivatized, these polymers can exhibit new chemical properties that can be further optimized for applications in drug delivery, wound healing, sensor development and others. Chitosan, derived from the N-deacetylation of chitin, is one example of a polysaccharide that has been functionalized and used as a major component of polysaccharide biomaterials. In this brief review, we focus on one aspect of chitosan's utility, namely we discuss recent advances in dual-responsive chitosan hydrogel nanomaterials.

A New bis(rhodamine)-Based Colorimetric Chemosensor for Cu2.

A novel sensor (RD) bearing rhodamine B and 4-tert-Butyl phenol unit have been designed and synthesized using microwave irradiation. The sensor allows selective detection of Cu2+ by forming absorptive complex and trigger the formation of highly colored ring-open spirolactam. The recognition ability of the sensor was investigated by absorbance, Job's plot, infrared (IR) and time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.

A rhodamine-based fluorescent sensor for selective detection of Cu2+ in aqueous media: synthesis and spectroscopic properties.

Two new chemosensors, rhodamine B derivative bearing 3-formyl-6-nitrochromone (L 1 ) and 3-formyl-6-methylchromone (L 2 ) units were designed and synthesized using microwave irradiation for the selective detection of Cu2+ in aqueous media. Copper triggers the formation of highly fluorescent ring-open spirolactam. The fluorescence intensity was remarkably increased upon the addition of Cu2+ within a minute, while the other metal ions caused no significant effect. More importantly, the resulting complexes can be used as a reversible fluorescence sensor for CN-. The recognition ability of the sensors was investigated by fluorescence titration, Job's plot, 1H NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Two colorimetric fluorescent turn-on chemosensors for detection of Al3+ and N3 - : Synthesis, photophysical and computational studies.

Two new rhodamine derivative L1 and L2 bearing 2-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 5-bromo-3-methoxy salicylaldehyde units were designed and synthesized using microwave-assisted organic synthesis and utilized towards sequential fluorescence detection of aluminum ion (Al3+ ) and azide (N3 - ) in aqueous acetonitrile solution. Aluminum ion (Al3+ ) triggers the formation of highly fluorescent ring-open spirolactam. The fluorescence and colorimetric response of the L1 -Al3+ and L2 -Al3+ complexes were quenched by the addition of N3 - , which extracting the Al3+ from the complexes and turn-off the sensors, confirming that the recognition process is reversible. The recognition ability of the sensors was investigated by fluorescence titration, Job's plot, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of rhodamine derivatives.

The microwave synthesis of 12 rhodamine-derived imines is described. The present work involves condensation of rhodamine hydrazide with various aromatic aldehydes in ethanol under microwave irradiation. The results obtained indicate that, unlike classical heating, microwave irradiation results in higher yields, shorter reaction time, mild reaction condition and simple work-up procedure. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and high-resolution mass spectra data.

Rhodamine Based Turn-On Sensors for Ni(2+) and Cr(3+) in Organic Media: Detecting CN(-) via the Metal Displacement Approach.

Two novel sensors bearing rhodamine B and quinoline units have been synthesized. One of these, 1, allows sensitive and selective detection of Ni(2+) and Cr(3+) by forming non-fluorescent (1-Ni(2+)) and fluorescent (1-Cr(3+)) complexes respectively. Both metals trigger the formation of highly colored ring-open spirolactam. These form excellent probes for CN(-) which quenches the fluorescence of the 1-Cr(3+) complex by extracting the Cr(3+). Both Cr(3+) and Cu(2+) gave color changes with 2, but they are easily identified separately via the large fluorescence enhancement that occurs only with Cr(3+).