Assessing the Radiological Risks Associated with High Natural Radioactivity of Microgranitic Rocks: A Case Study in a Northeastern Desert of Egypt.

This study aimed to evaluate the radiological hazards of uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), and potassium (40K) in microgranitic rocks from the southeastern part of Wadi Baroud, a northeastern desert of Egypt. The activity concentrations of the measured radionuclides were determined by using a gamma-ray spectrometer (NaI-Tl-activated detector). The mean (238U), (232Th), and (40K) concentrations in the studied rocks were found to be 3680.3, 3635.2, and 822.76 Bq/kg, respectively. The contents in these rocks were elevated, reaching up to 6.3 wt%. This indicated the alkaline nature of these rocks. The high ratios of Th/U in the mineralized rocks could be related to late magmatic mineralization, suggesting the ascent of late magmatic fluids through weak planes such as faults and the contact of these rocks with older granites. The present data were higher than those of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) guideline limits. All the radiological hazard results indicated high human health risks. This confirmed that this area is not radiologically safe, and care must be taken when working in this area. This study showed that the area under investigation had high U content suitable for uranium extraction that could be used in the nuclear fuel cycle.

U(VI) and Th(IV) recovery using silica beads functionalized with urea- or thiourea-based polymers - Application to ore leachate.

Urea and thiourea have been successfully deposited at the surface of silica beads (through one-pot reaction with formaldehyde) for designing new sorbents for U(VI) and Th(IV) recovery (UR/SiO2 and TUR/SiO2 composites, respectively). These materials have been characterized by FTIR, titration, elemental analysis, BET, TGA, SEM-EDX for identification of structural and chemical properties, and interpretation of binding mechanisms. Based on deprotonation of reactive groups (amine, carbonyl, or thiocarbonyl) and metal speciation, the optimum pH was ~4. Uptake kinetics was fast (equilibrium within 60-90 min). Although the kinetic profiles are fitted by the pseudo-first order rate equation, the resistance to intraparticle diffusion cannot be neglected. Sorption isotherms were fitted by Langmuir equation (maximum sorption capacities: 1-1.2 mmol g-1). Thermodynamics are also investigated showing differences between the two types of functionalized groups: exothermic for TUR/SiO2 and endothermic for UR/SiO2. Metal desorption is highly effective using 0.3-0.5 M HCl solutions: total desorption occurs within 30-60 min; sorption/desorption properties are remarkably stable for at least 5 cycles. The sorbents have marked preference for U(VI) and Th(IV) over alkali-earth and base metals at pHeq ~4.8. By preliminary precipitation steps, it is possible "cleaning" ore leachates of pegmatite ore, and recovering U(VI) and Th(IV) using functionalized silica beads. After elution and selective recovery by precipitation with oxalate (Th-cake) and alkaline (U-cake), the metals can be valorized.