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INTRODUCTION: Studies evaluating outcomes in bladder cancer sub stratified into T2a and T2b pathologic staging have demonstrated inconsistent results. Survival outcomes in a cohort of pure urothelial carcinoma patient undergoing radical cystectomy were evaluated to determine the prognostic value of T2 sub staging. METHODS: Using our prospectively maintained institutional cystectomy database, we identified patients with pure urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, either pT2aN0 or pT2bN0. We excluded any patients with variant histology, patients that underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and patients that had margin positive disease. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected, and Cox proportional hazard regression assessed overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), and recurrence free survival (RFS). RESULTS: From 2001 to 2019, we identified 1,929 patients that underwent radical cystectomy, 61 patients had pT2a and 65 had pT2b pure urothelial carcinoma that met inclusion criteria. Only age (Pâ¯=â¯0.02) and the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor pathology (P < 0.01) were notably different when comparing the clinical characteristics of patients with pT2a and pT2b. No differences were noted in OS, CSS, or RFS between the 2 groups on Kaplan-Meier analysis. On univariate Cox regression analysis, age, TURBT stage, cystectomy pathology stage, carcinoma in situ, and lymphovascular invasion status, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy status was not found to be significant factors for OS, CSS, or RFS between patients with pT2aN0 or pT2bN0 tumors. CONCLUSION: Prior studies have sub stratified pT2a and pT2b, studying survival outcomes with equivocal results. Many of these studies included variant histology or use of chemotherapy in the analysis. Here, we identified a pure urothelial cohort to compare survival outcomes between pT2a and pT2b and found no difference in OS, CSS, and RFS.
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Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Cistectomia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
AIMS: To analyze the cost effectiveness of integrating a stiff shaft glidewire (SSGW) in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) relative to standard technique (ST). This is prudent because healthcare providers are experiencing increased pressure to improve procedure-related cost containment. METHODS: ST for PCNL at our institution involves a hydrophilic glidewire during initial percutaneous access and then two new stiff shaft wires. The SSGW is a hydrophilic wire used for initial access and the remainder of the procedure. We collected operating room (OR) costs for all primary, unilateral PCNL cases over a 5-month period during which ST for PCNL was used at a single institution with a single surgeon and compared with a 6-month period during which a SSGW was used. Mean costs for each period were then compared along with stone-free rates and complications. RESULTS: We included 17 total cases in the ST group and 22 in the SSGW group. The average operating room supply cost for the ST group was $1937.32 and $1559.39 in the SSGW group. The net difference of $377.93 represents a nearly 20% decrease in cost. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.031). There was no difference in postoperative stone-free rates (82.4% versus 86.4%, p = 1.0, respectively) or complications (23.5% versus 13.6%, p = 0.677, respectively) between ST and SSGW groups. CONCLUSION: Transitioning to a SSGW has reduced OR supply cost by reducing the number of supplies required. The change in wire did not affect stone-free rates or complications.
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Objective: To compare peri-operative factors and renal function following open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for intermediate and high complexity tumors when controlling for tumor and patient complexity.Methods: A retrospective review of 222 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy was performed. Patients with intermediate (nephrometry score NS 7-9) or high (NS 10-12) complexity tumors were matched 2:1 for RPN:OPN using NS, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and BMI. Patient demographics, peri-operative values, renal function, and complication rates were analyzed and compared.Results: Seventy-four OPN patients were matched to 148 RPN patients with no difference in patient demographics. Estimated blood loss in OPN patients was significantly higher (368.5 vs 210.5 mL, p < 0.001) as was transfusion rate (17% vs 1.6%, p < 0.001). Warm ischemia time was longer in OPN (25.5 vs 19.7 min, p = 0.001) while operative time was reduced (200.5 vs 226.5 min, p = 0.010). RPN patients had significantly shorter hospitalizations (5.3 vs 3.0 days, p < 0.001). GFR decrease after one month was not statistically significant (12.9 vs 6.6 ml/min, p = 0.130). Clavien III-V complications incidence was higher for OPN compared to RPN although not significantly (20.3% vs 10.8%, p = 0.055).Conclusion: When matching for tumor and patient complexity, RPN patients had fewer high grade post-operative complications, decreased blood loss, and shorter hospitalizations. RPN is a safe option for patients with intermediate and high complexity tumors.
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Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introduction: We sought to update our experience of oncologic and functional outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer in patients with history of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with previous HoLEP who underwent RARP were matched 1:1 with RARP patients with no history of transurethral surgery. Demographic, operative, oncologic, continence, and erectile function outcomes were analyzed. Results: Median time between HoLEP and RARP was 31 months with a mean prostate-specific antigen doubling time of 4.28 ng/mL/year. Operative times were significantly longer with higher bladder neck reconstruction rates and similarly low complication rates. Biochemical recurrence was relatively low (7%) in the HoLEP group, identical to the comparative group. Continence at last follow-up was not statistically significant between groups, although time to continence favored the non-HoLEP cohort. Erectile function recovery was generally poor in the post-HoLEP cohort (11%), although bilateral nerve sparing was rarely performed (11%). Compared with our initial experience, there were significant improvements in time to continence (16 vs 36 weeks). No T2 post-HoLEP RARP since 2010 has had a positive surgical margin. Conclusions: Post-HoLEP prostatectomy remains feasible with similar perioperative and oncologic outcomes compared with matched cohorts. Functional recovery remains slowed yet may continue to improve with technical familiarity.
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Terapia a Laser , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Idoso , Disfunção Erétil , Hólmio , Humanos , Indiana , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Masculino , Margens de Excisão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Perioperatório , Período Pós-Operatório , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Resultado do Tratamento , Universidades , Bexiga Urinária/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Prostate specific antigen screening for prostate cancer has recently been challenged due to poor sensitivity. In addition to prostate cancer, a number of conditions elevate prostate specific antigen, of which benign prostatic hyperplasia is most common. The objective of this study was to assess the positive predictive value of prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density for prostate cancer risk following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We queried an institutional review board approved database of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate performed at Indiana University from 1999 to 2018 to identify 1,147 patients with prostate specific antigen data available after holmium laser enucleation. A total of 55 biopsies after enucleation were recorded. Demographics, prostate specific antigen, prostate volume and oncologic details were analyzed. The primary outcome was biopsy proven prostate cancer. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy for cause after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Cancer was identified in more than 90% of biopsied cases. Men with prostate specific antigen above 1 ng/ml at biopsy had a 94% probability of cancer detection and an 80% risk of clinically significant disease. Prostate specific antigen density above 0.1 ng/ml2 was associated with a 95% risk of cancer and an 88% risk of clinically significant cancer. Prostate specific antigen greater than 5.8 ng/ml or prostate specific antigen density greater than 0.17 ng/ml2 was universally associated with biopsy proven cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density have high positive predictive value for prostate cancer risk after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Thresholds for biopsy should be lower than in patients who do not undergo holmium laser enucleation. Those who undergo that procedure and have prostate specific antigen above 1 ng/ml or prostate specific antigen density above 0.1 ng/ml2 are at higher risk for harboring clinically significant disease and should undergo biopsy. Referring physicians should be aware of these significant risk shifts.
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Calicreínas/sangue , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Próstata/patologia , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica , Tamanho do Órgão , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for complex nephrolithiasis in patients 80 years of age and older compared to younger individuals. METHODS: From an institutional IRB-approved database, 1,647 patients were identified who underwent PCNL from 1999 to 2019. Patients were stratified by age: group 1 (20-59), group 2 (60-79), and group 3 (>80). Statistics were performed using chi-square and ANOVA to compare outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 1,647 patients, median age was 46, 66, and 83, respectively (P <0.0001). Three patients within group 3 were 90 or older. Females made up 54%, 46%, 56% of patients (Pâ¯=â¯0.02). Average stone size with SD was 2.6 ± 2.2, 2.5 ± 2.3, 2.2± 1.9 cm for each group (Pâ¯=â¯0.06). Mean preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) was significantly lower in the 80+ group (13.8, 13.4, 13.1 g/dL, P <.0001). Change in Hgb was not significantly different. There were more Clavien II-IV complications (10.4, 14.4, 28.8%; Pâ¯=â¯0.02) and transfusions (2.3, 4.7, 10.2%; P <0.001) in the elderly. The most common complications in the 80+ group were bleeding related (10.1%). No difference in readmission rates or ICU admissions was noted. CONCLUSION: PCNL is feasible in the extremely elderly; however with a higher rate of complications and longer hospitalizations. No long-term sequelae or deaths in the 80 and older cohort were seen. This study allows us to appropriately counsel older patients on a realistic postoperative course and supports use of PCNL as the best means of long-term survival.