Massive left atrial myxoma leading to recurrent cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) in a young woman: A case report.

Myxomas are tumors that occur due to uncontrolled proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Cardiac myxomas although very rare, are still the most common primary tumor of heart. Cardiac myxomas have a prevalence of 0.03% in the general population. They can have a variety of clinical presentations with obstructive cardiac symptoms, constitutional symptoms and symptoms due to embolism to other body parts chief among them. CNS embolism with stroke is among the rarest clinical presentation of cardiac myxomas. Our article portrays a case of cardiac myxomas that initially resulted in episodes of dyspnea and syncope and eventually led to recurrent episodes of transient ischemic attack and stroke. Case was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography and managed surgically by medial sternotomy. Myxoma, a benign primary cardiac tumor is itself a rare occurrence, embolization of myxoma leading to multiple strokes is an atypical clinical presentation. Our report would be a valuable addition to the already existing literature.

An infant with patau syndrome associated with congenital heart defects.

Introduction: and background: Patau syndrome or trisomy 13 is a clinically severe condition; 85 percent of patients die before reaching the age of one year, and the majority of children die before reaching the age of six months. Case presentation: This report discusses a case of a male infant, two days old diagnosed with Patau syndrome. After birth, his APGAR score was satisfactory. The initial clinical examination revealed cleft palate, cleft lip, and congenital clubfoot. A pansystolic murmur was heard at the left sternal border. The patient was managed according and was referred to a surgeon for pulmonary binding, PDA ligation, VSD closure, and repair of ASA with disbanding of the pulmonary artery. Clinical discussion: Studies have reported that patients with Patau syndrome present with cleft lip and palate, congenital heart defects, omphalocele, and holoprosencephaly. we also discovered dysmorphic characteristics such as the cleft palate and cleft lip, as well as serious congenital cardiac abnormalities. In addition, up to 80% of patients have been documented to have cardiac abnormalities, with patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect. Conclusion: Patau syndrome is the third most common trisomy found in infants. The clinical manifestation of Patau syndrome includes cleft palate, cleft lip, limb impairments, and congenital heart problems. Despite the fact that early diagnosis and management prognosis is poor for patients suffering from Patau syndrome. Genetic counseling may be beneficial not just for increasing awareness of the diagnosis and its implications.

Terminal digit preference and the accuracy of breast cancer diameter reporting based on Benford's law.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women all over the world, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. A pathologist's partiality for the last digit of a patient's name can lead to errors in the measurement of malignancies. This means that, rather than recording the exact measurement of a tumor, a pathologist might round it off to his preferred terminal digit. Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study in which data on primary tumor resection for 1000 breast cancer patients was obtained from KRL Hospital's patient directory from November 2016 to December 2020. The tumors were measured in cm to one decimal point along their longest dimension. Ki-67 markers were used to categorize the tumors into nine categories. Terminal digit preference was evaluated using Benford's law. Results: The recording of the Ki-67 index revealed evidence of pentameric preference. The numbers three, five, and six appeared more frequently in the histogram of the Ki-67 index distribution measured in percentage. The frequency of nine dropped dramatically. However, the influence of tumor size terminal digits on Ki-67 staining scores (low proliferative vs high proliferative) assessed using the Mann-Whitney U Test demonstrated that tumor size terminal digits had no significant effect on Ki-67 staining scores (p = 0.114). Conclusion: The Ki-67 index shows evidence of pentameric preference for digits three, five, and six. The frequency of nine has dropped dramatically. The influence of tumor size on terminal digits on staining scores (low proliferative vs. high proliferative) was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U Test.