Disposition kinetics of danofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in broiler chickens.

Disposition kinetics of danofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were studied in broiler chickens following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration in a single dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg-1 body weight respectively. In addition, tissue distribution and residual pattern of both drugs were determined. The maximum serum concentration (Cmax) after intramuscular and oral administration were 1.03 and 0.55 mu/ml for danofloxacin and 2.92 and 1.24 mu/ml for ciprofloxacin attained at 0.8 and 2.43 and 0.55 and 1.27 hours for danofloxacin and ciprofloxacin respectively. The volume of distribution and systemic bioavailability were higher for danofloxacin (Vdss 2.21 L/kg and F% 96.56 and 81.4%) as compared with ciprofloxacin (Vdss 1.41 L/kg and F% 75.5 and 29.4%). Data relating to intravenous injection for both drugs were analyzed using a two compartment open model curve fit. Danofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were not detected in the serum of broilers at the 5th and 3rd day respectively following the drugs withdrawal while were detected in liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs. Danofloxacin completely disappeared from all tissues at the 13th day after stopping of the drug medication but ciprofloxacin disappeared after 5 days only.

Influence of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and virginiamycin on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks.

Male broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0 or 3.5 mg aflatoxin (AF)/kg from 1 to 28 d of age. The diets were amended with either .5% hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), 16.5 mg virginiamycin (VM)/kg of diet, or .5% HSCAS + 16.5 mg VM/kg of diet to determine the effects of these compounds during aflatoxicosis. When compared with controls (814 g), BW gains were significantly lower for broilers fed the AF (731 g) or AF+VM (716 g) diets. No differences were found between the BW gains of chicks fed diets without aflatoxin (814 g) and those of chicks fed AF+HSCAS (793 g) or AF+HSCAS+VM (803 g), indicating approximately 75% protection against decreased BW gain by HSCAS and 87% protection by the HSCAS+VM combination. Relative weights of the liver and kidney and creatine kinase activity were significantly increased and albumin, total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were decreased in chicks fed the diet containing AF alone. With the exception of albumin, HSCAS was effective in restoring these values to control values. The findings of this research suggest that HSCAS and HSCAS+VM can counteract some of the toxic effects of AF in growing broiler chicks.