Analysis of the Outcomes of Combined Cross-Linking with Intracorneal Ring Segment Implantation for the Treatment of Pediatric Keratoconus.

PURPOSE: To analyze the visual and refractive outcomes of combined accelerated cross-linking with femtosecond laser intracorneal ring segment implantation for the treatment of pediatric keratoconus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multicenter noncomparative clinical study included 63 eyes of 37 patients (age, 9-17 years) who underwent between August and September 2016 combined cross-linking with intracorneal ring segment implantation for keratoconus. Preoperative and postoperative (6, 12, and 18 months) uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), subjective refractions, keratometry (K), and pachymetry measurements were compared. RESULTS: The postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was within ±1 D, ±2 D, and ±3 D in 19 (30.2%), 27 (42.9%), and 37 (58.8%) eyes, respectively. Only 27 eyes achieved the attempted preoperative spherical equivalent refraction. The mean spherical equivalent refraction significantly improved from -6.01 ± 2.97 to -3.13 ± 2.78 D postoperatively (P < 0.0001). The mean K average reading significantly decreased from 48.75 ± 4.25 to 46.65 ± 3.89 D postoperatively (P < 0.0001). The mean postoperative myopic, astigmatic, and spherical equivalent corrections were -2.17 ± 2.19, -1.52 ± 2.03, and -2.93 ± 2.35 D, respectively. The mean UDVA and CDVA showed significant improvements (0.89 ± 0.33 to 0.40 ± 0.28, P < 0.0001; 0.35 ± 0.31 to 0.25 ± 0.24, P = 0.004; respectively) at 18 months postoperatively. Keratoconus progression, segment migration, and segment extrusion were seen in four (6.4%), one (1.6%), and three (4.7%) eyes, respectively, probably contributing to the lower mean postoperative CDVA. CONCLUSION: Cross-linking plus is only partially effective for pediatric keratoconus. Despite some improvements in vision and keratometry measures, it resulted in complications such as keratoconus progression, segment extrusion, and segment migration that affected the vision in some patients. These findings suggest an assessment of standard epithelium-off collagen cross-linking as a sole procedure to treat pediatric keratoconus in future studies.

Standard cross-linking versus photorefractive keratectomy combined with accelerated cross-linking for keratoconus management: a comparative study.

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of standard 30 min epithelium-off cross-linking (CXL) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) combined with accelerated epithelium-off cross-linking (AXL) for the treatment of progressive keratoconus (CXL-Plus). METHODS: This study was a prospective multicentre comparative clinical study. A total of 125 eyes of 75 patients with grade 1 keratoconus and documented progression were divided into two groups. Group A included 58 eyes treated with standard CXL. Group B included 67 eyes treated with combined PRK and AXL. The recorded data included UDVA, CDVA, subjective and objective refraction, keratometry and pachymetry using corneal topographies preoperatively and postoperatively at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: In group A, at 24 months of UDVA and CDVA were improved from 1.12 ± 0.38 and 0.58 ± 0.42 to 0.66 ± 0.20 and 0.20 ± 0.12 (LogMAR±SD). The spherical equivalent was reduced from 4.03 ± 1.18 to 1.78 ± 1.04 D. The cylinder reduction was 0.32 ± 0.19 D. In group B, at 24 months of UDVA and CDVA were improved from 1.26 ± 0.52 and 0.68 ± 0.36 to 0.58 ± 0.28 and 0.20 ± 0.16 (LogMAR ± SD). The spherical equivalent was reduced from 4.23 ± 0.95 to 1.92 ± 0.74 D. The cylinder reduction was ±1.76 D. CONCLUSION: Surprisingly, standard CXL showed close results to CXL-Plus at the 24th follow-up month. Standard CXL acted as a stabilizing procedure associated with a late myopic component reduction. CXL-Plus acted as a refractive and stabilizing procedure with an early effect on both the myopic and the astigmatic component but no later improvements. Standard CXL seems to be more powerful than AXL in its long-term effect. Therefore, in the future, we want to test the combination of PRK with standard CXL.