Infestation of Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) plants by Neotuerta platensis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Brazil: evaluations for five consecutive years

Abstract The bioecology and infestation aspects of Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on plants are poorly known. This insect fed on the leaves of common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) for two consecutive years, which triggered its study in the following five years in Januária, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the bioecology and infestation aspects of N. platensis on P. oleracea plants in the field and laboratory. The mean duration (± SD) of the egg, larva and pupa stages was 3.6 ± 0.89, 11.5 ± 2.81 and 10.7 ± 1.97 days, respectively. The mean numbers of egg masses and eggs per female (± SD) were 3.8 ± 1.16 and 891.6 ± 116.83, respectively. The percentage of infested plants was 59, 74, 0, 78 and 75% and the mean numbers of larvae per plant (± SD) ranged from 0.7 ± 0.45 to 1.6 ± 0.49 individuals, respectively from 2015 to 2019. Neotuerta platensis larvae infested P. oleracea plants in four out of five years evaluated.

Resumo Os aspectos de bioecologia e infestação de Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em plantas são pouco conhecidos. Esse inseto se alimentou das folhas de beldroega comum, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) por dois anos consecutivos, o que desencadeou seu estudo nos cinco anos seguintes em Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a bioecologia e os aspectos da infestação de N. platensis em plantas de P. oleracea em campo e laboratório. A duração média (± DP) dos estágios de ovo, larva e pupa foi de 3,6 ± 0,89, 11,5 ± 2,81 e 10,7 ± 1,97 dias, respectivamente. Os números médios de posturas e ovos por fêmea (± DP) foram de 3,8 ± 1,16 e 891,6 ± 116,83, respectivamente. A porcentagem de plantas infestadas foi de 59, 74, 0, 78 e 75% e os números médios de larvas por planta (± DP) variaram de 0,7 ± 0,45 a 1,6 ± 0,49 indivíduos, respectivamente de 2015 a 2019. Larvas de N. platensis infestaram plantas de P. oleracea em quatro dos cinco anos avaliados.

Infestation of Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) plants by Neotuerta platensis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Brazil: evaluations for five consecutive years / Infestação de plantas de Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) por larvas de Neotuerta platensis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) no Brasil: avaliações por cinco anos consecutivos

The bioecology and infestation aspects of Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on plants are poorly known. This insect fed on the leaves of common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) for two consecutive years, which triggered its study in the following five years in Januária, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the bioecology and infestation aspects of N. platensis on P. oleracea plants in the field and laboratory. The mean duration (± SD) of the egg, larva and pupa stages was 3.6 ± 0.89, 11.5 ± 2.81 and 10.7 ± 1.97 days, respectively. The mean numbers of egg masses and eggs per female (± SD) were 3.8 ± 1.16 and 891.6 ± 116.83, respectively. The percentage of infested plants was 59, 74, 0, 78 and 75% and the mean numbers of larvae per plant (± SD) ranged from 0.7 ± 0.45 to 1.6 ± 0.49 individuals, respectively from 2015 to 2019. Neotuerta platensis larvae infested P. oleracea plants in four out of five years evaluated.

Os aspectos de bioecologia e infestação de Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em plantas são pouco conhecidos. Esse inseto se alimentou das folhas de beldroega comum, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) por dois anos consecutivos, o que desencadeou seu estudo nos cinco anos seguintes em Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a bioecologia e os aspectos da infestação de N. platensis em plantas de P. oleracea em campo e laboratório. A duração média (± DP) dos estágios de ovo, larva e pupa foi de 3,6 ± 0,89, 11,5 ± 2,81 e 10,7 ± 1,97 dias, respectivamente. Os números médios de posturas e ovos por fêmea (± DP) foram de 3,8 ± 1,16 e 891,6 ± 116,83, respectivamente. A porcentagem de plantas infestadas foi de 59, 74, 0, 78 e 75% e os números médios de larvas por planta (± DP) variaram de 0,7 ± 0,45 a 1,6 ± 0,49 indivíduos, respectivamente de 2015 a 2019. Larvas de N. platensis infestaram plantas de P. oleracea em quatro dos cinco anos avaliados.

Infestation of Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) plants by Neotuerta platensis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Brazil: evaluations for five consecutive years.

The bioecology and infestation aspects of Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on plants are poorly known. This insect fed on the leaves of common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) for two consecutive years, which triggered its study in the following five years in Januária, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the bioecology and infestation aspects of N. platensis on P. oleracea plants in the field and laboratory. The mean duration (± SD) of the egg, larva and pupa stages was 3.6 ± 0.89, 11.5 ± 2.81 and 10.7 ± 1.97 days, respectively. The mean numbers of egg masses and eggs per female (± SD) were 3.8 ± 1.16 and 891.6 ± 116.83, respectively. The percentage of infested plants was 59, 74, 0, 78 and 75% and the mean numbers of larvae per plant (± SD) ranged from 0.7 ± 0.45 to 1.6 ± 0.49 individuals, respectively from 2015 to 2019. Neotuerta platensis larvae infested P. oleracea plants in four out of five years evaluated.

Salt supresses baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant hypertensives.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of the baroreflex control of peripheral sympathetic nervous system on the increase of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-resistant (SR) hypertensives under low salt diet. In phase I mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients (n=5) received three diet periods: a first regular salt (RS1), a low salt (LS=20 meq Na+/day), followed by a second regular salt diet (RS2) with a 7-day duration of each. At the end of each period, sympathetic and heart rate baroreflex control were recorded. Baseline MSNA varied (P<0.005) from 18+/-8 (RS1) to 32+/-9 (LS) and to 14+/-9 (RS2) bursts per minute (bpm). In phase II additional patients (n=6) were included to have baseline MSNA, sympathetic and heart rate baroreflex control evaluated at the end of the LS and RS2. For all patients (n=11), there was a significant decrease of MSNA from 36+/-4 to 20+/-8 bpm on day 7 of LS to RS2 (P<0.05). The response of MSNA to a salt restriction was similar for SS and SR patients, who showed a change from 32+/-6 to 18+/-11 and from 36+/-9 to 17+/-7 bpm for SS and SR on day 7 of LS and RS2 diets, respectively (P<0.05). MSNA baroreflex gain was similar during phenylephrine infusions at day 7 of LS and RS2 (5.1+/-1.6 and 6.1+/-2.9 bpm/mmHg), but it was reduced under LS during sodium nitroprusside infusion (19.5+/-4.9 vs 8.9+/-0.7 bpm/mmHg) (P<0.05) for the whole group. Baroreflex control of MSNA was also similar during phenylephrine infusions under LS and RS2 diets for SS (4.0+/-0.9 and 3.3+/-0.2 bpm/mmHg) and for SR patients (10.1+/-2.5 and 5.6+/-1.5 bpm/mmHg). During nitroprusside infusion, baroreflex gain was significantly greater under RS2 for SR patients (19.5+/-2.6 bpm/mmHg) when compared to LS (11.2+/-5.2 bpm/mmHg) and the same significant difference was observed among SS patients (14.4+/-4.7 and 9.1+/-3.6 bpm/mmHg under RS2 and LS diets, respectively). There was no difference in heart rate baroreflex gain between LS and RS2 diets. Data support the hypotheses that (1) sodium supresses baseline MSNA in SS and SR hypertensives and (2) sodium restriction may impair baroreflex control of MSNA in SR and SS mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients during blood pressure reductions.

Mild chronic renal insufficiency induces sympathetic overactivity.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baseline sympathetic nerve activity as well as the mechanisms of sympathetic overactivity in mild chronic renal insufficiency hypertension. Seven hypertensives with mild renal insufficiency, seven hypertensives with normal renal function and seven normotensives, age and weight-matched were studied on one session to evaluate baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity measured in the peroneal nerve. The mild renal insufficiency hypertensives and the hypertensives with normal renal function were also studied to evaluate arterial baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity assessed by increasing and decreasing blood pressure through continuous infusion of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside respectively. Baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity was significantly higher in mild renal insufficiency hypertensives (34 bursts/min) when compared to hypertensives with normal renal function (24 bursts/min) and to normotensives (16 bursts/min). Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was (in absolute values) 15.2 in hypertensives with normal renal function vs 2.6 in mild renal insufficiency hypertensives (P < 0.05) during phenylephrine and 6.3 vs 8.2 during nitroprusside infusions. Mild renal insufficiency hypertensives showed sympathetic overactivity when compared to hypertensives with normal renal function and to normotensives. This finding demonstrates that elevated sympathetic activity may be precociously detected in renal insufficiency. Baroreflex gain to phenylephrine was blunted in mild renal insufficiency hypertensives when compared to hypertensives with normal renal function, suggesting that bradycardic response in mild renal insufficiency is blunted.

Microneurografia: técnica para estudo da regulaçäo cardiovascular pelo sistema nervoso simpático em humanos / Microneurography: technique to study cardiovascular regulation through the sympathetic nervous system in humans

A microneurografia é um método eficaz e seguro para o registro intraneural direto da atividade nervosa simpática para o músculo e para pele em humanos. A técnica e suas aplicaçöes para o estudo da funçäo autonômica seräo discutidos neste artigo. Será abordada a regulaçäo da atividade nervosa simpática em diferentes situaçöes clínicas e/ou estímulos, tais como hipertensäo arterial essencial, hipertensäo experimental por mineralocorticóide, exercício, estresse mental, teste do gelo, hiperinsulinemia e ingestäo oral de álcool

[Microneurography: technique to study cardiovascular regulation by the sympathetic nervous system in humans]. / Microneurografia: técnica para estudo da regulação cardiovascular pelo sistema nervoso simpático em humanos.

Microneurography is a valuable and safe method for direct intraneural recording of sympathetic nerve activity to muscle and skin in humans. The technique and its application for the study of autonomic function will be briefly discussed. The regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity will be focused in different clinical situations and or stimuli, such as: essential hypertension, mineralocorticoid induced hypertension, exercise mental arithmetic stress, cold pressor test, hyperinsulinemia, oral alcohol ingestion.

[Radiologic results of an artificial pylorus performed primarily in patients with Billroth II gastric resection]. / Resultados radiológicos de um "piloro artificial" realizado primeiramente em pacientes com ressecção gástrica a Billroth II.

The authors describe the radiological results after primary execution of an "artificial pylorus". In 18 patients were done a troncular vagotomy, hemigastrectomy (Billroth II) and Braum jejunal anastomosis. In twelve of this patients an "artificial pylorus" were done on the efferent loop, 10 cm distant of the gastroenterostomy and before the jejunal Braun anastomosis. The technique, previously described, was a 3 cm circumferencial ressection of the longitudinal muscular layer and circular layer plicature. The cut edges were approached. A significant delay in gastrojejunal emptying was observed in patients with an "artificial pylorus" caused by the effective presence of a sphincter-like mechanism.