[The effect of internal course intake of selenium-modified mineral water on bone mineral density after long-term diet-induced metabolic disorders in the experiment. (Randomized controlled trial)]. / Vliyanie vnutrennego kursovogo priema modifitsirovannykh selenom mineral'nykh vod na mineral'nuyu plotnost' kostnoi tkani posle dlitel'nogo diet-indutsirovannogo narusheniya metabolizma v eksperimente. (Randomizirovannoe kontroliruemoe issledovanie).

INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon of therapeutic and prophylactic effect of natural mineral waters (MW) used to restore tissue tolerance to glucose and normalize basal insulin secretion in metabolic syndrome is well known. At the same time, the use of selenium-enriched MW is promising due to its multitarget action including participation in the regulation of the protein-synthesizing function of cells. AIM: To study the effect of internal course intake of selenium-modified mineral waters of different composition on bone mineral density after long-term diet-induced metabolic disorders in the experiment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on outbred male white rats that were distributed into 3 control groups (CG) and 4 main groups (MG). In CG1 14 animals received laboratory food and drinking water; in CG2 14 animals were modeled for diet-induced metabolic disorders, and they were withdrawn from the experiment the day after the cancellation of the hypercaloric diet (180 days); after the cancellation of the hypercaloric diet 180 days later 14 animals with diet-induced metabolic disorders in CG3 had a standard diet (laboratory food and drinking water) for 30 days. In the experimental groups (EG), the animals similarly to CG3 were modeled diet-induced metabolic disorders, after the cancellation of the diet they had a standard diet and watering with MW. In MG1 18 animals were given MW1 (Essentuki-4); in MG2 19 animals had a course of MW1Se (Essentuki-4 enriched with selenium); in MG3 14 animals had a course of MW2 (Slavyanovskaya); in MG4 18 animals had a course of MB2Se (Slavyanovskaya enriched with selenium). The weight (body weight) of the animals was monitored monthly. Biochemical studies, densitometry and computed microtomography were used to determine the effectiveness of MW. RESULTS: The characteristics of spongy bone tissue of femoral metaphysis of the rats of the control groups revealed disorders of varying degrees, but, despite this, the bone tissue structure of the examined vertebral bodies in animals without a hyper caloric diet (CG1) was preserved. The analysis of the study results demonstrated a significant effectiveness of selenium-enriched MW in regulating metabolic processes (p<0.05-p<0.01), bone mineral density (p<0.05), reduced bone resorption (p<0.05), that is, the characteristics of spongy bone tissue of femoral metaphysis and vertebral bodies of animals showed a clear tendency to restore bone structure. CONCLUSION: The results of this study make it possible to predict an increase in the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of patients with somatic diseases when selenium-enriched MW is included in the programmes.

[Evaluation of the influence of different physical and chemical composition mineral waters on the state of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental metabolic syndrome]. / Otsenka vliyaniya mineral'nykh vod razlichnogo fiziko-khimicheskogo sostava na sostoyanie uglevodnogo obmena pri eksperimental'nom metabolicheskom sindrome.

Purpose of the study. To carry out a comparative analysis of the intake effect of mineral waters (MW) of various physicochemical compositions, including those ones enriched in selenium, on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out on 68 male white rats aged 3 months, which were divided into 5 groups. Control groups: CG1 - 10 animals without exposure; CG2 - 14 animals with MS, received only drinking water. Experimental groups: EG1 - 14 rats with MS, received MW1 of chloride-sulfate sodium composition (Ivanovo region); EG2 - 15 animals, received MW2 of chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium composition (Essentuki No. 4); EG3 - 15 animals, received MW2 enriched with selenium. MS was modeled by double injection of streptozotocin, intraperitoneally, 30 µg/kg, after 60 days of finding the animals on a hypercaloric diet. RESULTS: According to the oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in animals with MS, two variants of the glycemic response were identified, according to which two subgroups (SG) were identified in each group. In the 1st SG CG2 and EG1-3, a moderate increase in glucose at the 60th minute of GTT was revealed, which was 1.2 times higher than the glucose level at the 60th minute in CG1. In SG 2, an increase in glucose was noted at the 60th minute by 2.5-5.0 times, by the 120th minute of GTG the glucose level was higher than in CG1. In animals CG2, there was no decrease in glucose by the 120th minute, in contrast to EG1-3. The activity of blood α-amylase increased by 2 times was determined in animals CG2 compared to CG1, and in groups EG1 and EG2 the level of its activity approached the level of CG1. CONCLUSION: In animals with MS, a decrease in the sensitivity of ß-cells to the stimulating effect of glucose and the involvement of the exocrine pancreas in the pathological process was determined. Under the influence of therapeutic course drinking MW of different physicochemical composition in animals with MS in the experiment, the sensitivity of tissues to the stimulating hyperglycemic signal was restored to varying degrees and the increased activity of blood α-amylase decreased.

[Investigation of the metabolic effects of selenium-modified Essentuki mineral water in the experiment]. / Izuchenie metabolicheskikh éffektov modifitsirovannoi selenom mineral'noi vody Essentukskogo tipa v éksperimente.

BACKGROUND: The urgent tasks of experimental balneology are to design and investigate of the action of native mineral waters (MW) enriched with essential trace elements in order to improve their therapeutic and prophylactic effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of direct action of the cycle intake of Essentuki MWs modified with selenium (Essentuki Novaya - MW1, Essentuki No. 4 - MW2) on healthy animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: According to the experimental conditions, 102 male albino rats were divided into 7 groups using a simple randomization method. Group 1 (n=15) received only drinking water (DW) (a control group); Group 2 (n=13) used native MW1; Group 3 (n=13) took native MW2; Group 4 (n=15) had MW1 with selenium (MW1Se1 - 3 mcg/kg); Group 5 (n=15) received MW1Se2; Group 6 (n=15) had MW2Se1 - 300 mcg/kg; and Group 7 (n=16) used MW2Se2. RESULTS: After cycle drinking, the body weight of the animals in the experimental groups did not significantly differ from that in the control group and was determined within the normal species range. X-ray densitometry showed that the body fat composition in the rats was lower than the control values only after MW1Se1, MW1Se2, and MW2Se1 cycles. The rat lipid spectrum in different groups displayed differences: the atherogenic index was low after MW1, MW1Se1, and MW1Se2 cycles. The blood glucose levels increased in the rats after drinking native MWs (F=2.7; p=0.01). After selenium-modified MW cycles, the blood glucose levels corresponded to the control values. The blood of experimental and control animals showed no differences in bone mineral density (BMD), levels of hormones (insulin, thyroxine, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and end products of protein metabolism. Selenium-modified Essentuki No. 4 changed the orientation of functional relationships from negative to positive ones between glucose and BMD. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that cycle drinking with native and selenium-enriched Essentuki MWs differently affect the animals. The Essentuki Novaya MW (MW1, MW1Se1, and MW1Se2) drinking cycles predominantly affected in reducing blood atherogenic lipids. The volume of an animal fat component was lower after selenium-modified Essentuki Novaya and Essentuki No. 4 water (MW1Se1, MW1Se2, and MW2Se1) cycles. A direct relationship between DHEA and BMD was found in animals after using the selenium-enriched Essentuki No. 4 cycle.

[The evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of bischofite-modified yellow clay (an experimental studi)]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia zheltoi gliny, modifitsirovannoi bishofitom (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

BACKGROUND: The topical problems in balneotherapeutics and health resort activities in general are the development of the yellow clay-based preparations enriched in the natural mineral bischofite and the investigation of their therapeutic effects with the purpose of improvement of their curative potential. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the course of the experimental therapeutic applications of the yellow clay obtained by the open pit mining of its deposits located in the vicinity of Pyatigorsk and modified by the addition of bischofite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out with the use of 57 eugamic Wistar male rats with adjuvant arthritis. The yellow clay supplemented with bischofite in various concentrations was applied in 12 procedures each 15 minutes in duration every other or every two days beginning from the 38th day of experimentally-induced arthritis. The animals were allocated to five groups as follows: group 1 included the healthy animals that served as controls (n=5), groups 2-5 were comprised of the animals with adjuvant arthritis. The animals included in group 2 served as the experimental model of adjuvant arthritis (n=8), those comprising group 3 were treated by the applications of yellow clay without additives (n=14), group 4 was composed of the animals with adjuvant arthritis treated by the applications of yellow clay containing 10% of bischofite (n=15), the animals in group 5 having adjuvant arthritis were treated by the applications of yellow clay containing 20% of bischofite (n=15). RESULTS: The study has demonstrated the reduction of the reactively enhanced relative abundance of, activated T-cells, and B-lymphocytes down to the respective control values in the animals with adjuvant arthritis after the course of applications of the yellow clay preparations. Simultaneously, normalization of the immunoregulatory index, IRI, (the T-helpers to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ratio) was documented. The treatment was associated with the strong dependence of the interleukin (IL-1ß) contents on the cortisol level and the well apparent relationship between the levels of interleukins and IRI. Specifically, the relation between IL-1ß and IRI following the application of non-modified yellow clay was characterized as (r=+0.8, p=0.03) in comparison with the relation between IL 6 and IRI (r=+0.8, p=0.03) after the treatment with yellow clay containing 10% of bischofite or between IL 6 and IRI (r=+0.8, p=0.004) after the application of yellow clay containing 20% of bischofite. CONCLUSION: The results of the study give evidence of the immunomodulatory action of yellow clay modified by the addition of bischofite. They suggest the promising opportunities for the application of these preparations for the management and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with the diseases of the musculoskeletal system in the future.

[The investigation of immunological effects of the new balneotherapeutic preparation glinofir used for the treatment of adjuvant arthritis]. / Izuchenie immunologicheskikh effektov novogo bal'neologicheskogo sredstva glinofir pri ad''yuvantnom artrite.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of a course of application of the modified natural factors on the immunological mechanisms of regulation under experimental conditions with special reference to the application of the natural yellow clay, the clay from the Novo-Pyatigorsk quarry (the lake Tambokan) and of the new balneotherapeutic preparation glinofir based on this modified clay and designed for the treatment of adjuvant arthritis (AA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study of anti-inflammatory activity of the externally applied balneomedicines was carried out with the use of an animal model of adjuvant arthritis. The course of applications started 3 days prior to the initiation of AA and was terminated on the 24th day of the experimental disease. The action of three balneotherapeutic preparations (Tambukan mud, yellow clay, and modified clay in the form of Glinofir) was compared after they were heated to 42 °C and applied to the animals' limbs for 15-20 minutes every second and third days. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats (n=59) divided into five groups. Group 1 was comprised of 9 healthy animals that served as controls. The animals of group 2 (n=10) presented with untreated experimentally-induced adjuvant arthritis, those of Group 3 (n=10) had model AA treated by a course of application of the Tambukan mud. The animals of group 4 (n=10) had model AA and were treated by the application of the yellow clay and those of Group 5 (n=10) with model of AA received a course of application of the modified clay. RESULTS: On day 37 after the induction of adjuvant arthritis, the animals developed leukocytosis (white blood cell count in the blood was 1.5 times higher than in the control group) and alterations in the composition of the lymphocyte population, viz. B-lymphocytes increased 2-2.5 times (p<0,02) while T-lymphocytes decreased (p<0,05). A course of glinofir application contributed to the restoration of the T-cytotoxic cell population (p<0,2) and influenced the regulation of pathological immune complexes (PIC) as confirmed the negative correlation between the PIC level and the absolute number of T-cytotoxic cells (r=-0,8, p<0,01). The chronic stage of AA was associated with a two-fold increase in the absorptive capacity of neutrophils. The treatment with the Tambukan mud and glinofir restored the phagocytic function of neutrophils and simultaneously reduced the blood leukocyte reaction. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory action of the Tambukan mud and glinofir manifests itself in the unidirectional changes of dynamics of the characteristics of cellular and humoral immunity.