Biocidal effects of organometallic materials supported on ZSM-5 Zeolite: Influence of the physicochemical and surface properties.

Antifouling coatings containing biocidal agents can be used to prevent the accumulation of biotic deposits on submerged surfaces; however, several commercial biocides can negatively affect the ecosystem. In this study, various formulations of a potential biocide product comprising copper nanoparticles and capsaicin supported on zeolite ZSM-5 were analyzed to determine the influence of the concentration of each component. The incorporation of copper was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Similarly, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that capsaicin was supported on the zeolite surface. The presence of capsaicin on the external zeolite surface significantly reduced the surface area of the zeolite. Finally, bacterial growth inhibition analysis showed that copper nanoparticles inhibited the growth of strains Idiomarina loihiensis UCO25, Pseudoalteromonas sp. UCO92, and Halomonas boliviensis UCO24 while the organic component acted as a reinforcing biocide.

Efficacy and safety of combined 27-G vitrectomy and Ahmed valve using same sclerotomy site for the tube placement: A case series.

We report a retrospective case series describing the feasibility and outcomes of combined 27-G minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) and Ahmed® Glaucoma Valve (AGV) placement. Four eyes of four patients underwent a combined MIVS using 27-G technology and AGV implantation with the tube placement in the vitreous cavity. Preoperative and postoperative data up to 12 months were collected including the type of glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medications, and complications. All AGVs tubes were placed in the vitreous cavity using the same sclerotomy, although a slight wound enlargement was required. After one year, IOP and glaucoma medications were reduced (41.5 ±â€¯19.1-14.5 ±â€¯3.1 mmHg and from 3(3-3) to 1.5 (1.5-3.5). Three patients developed cystoid macular edema. The first-reported cases of combined MIVS-27-G and AGV showed a reduction of IOP and antiglaucoma medication. Placing the tube using the same sclerotomy location is feasible but a slight enlargement may be required.

Multimodal imaging in optic nerve melanocytoma: Optical coherence tomography angiography and other findings.

PURPOSE: To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as diagnostic tools in optic disc melanocytoma (ODM) and study the differences in peripapillary and macular vascular density in eyes with ODM using OCTA. METHODS: Patients with ODM were enrolled in this case series. Each patient underwent evaluation of best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, fundus photography, standard visual field testing, spectral domain OCT, ultrasound B-scan examination, FAF, fluorescein angiography and OCTA. RESULTS: Eight patients (three males and five females) with ODM (9 eyes) were enrolled. The largest ODM presented a nodular appearance with a hyper-reflective tumor surface and a posterior optical shadow on OCT. FAF images showed hypoautofluorescence of the tumor with well-defined outlines. Analysis of optic nerve vascular area showed decreased values in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (3 of 5) and the outer retinal plexus (4 of 5) in the eyes with ODM. In contrast, the ODM eyes had a higher macular vascular area in the deep capillary plexus in 4 of 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: ODM may be associated with changes in peripapillary and macular perfusion, with an increase in peripapillary vascularization being a possible risk factor for growth. OCTA might be a helpful objective method in the analysis of changes in flow in patients with ODM.

Evaluación del grosor de los músculos extraoculares y estudio de correlación mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica / Assessment of extraocular muscle thickness and correlation study using optical coherence tomography

OBJETIVO: Describir los valores de normalidad del grosor de los músculos rectos horizontales mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT) y valorar si existe correlación entre el grosor muscular y el sexo, la edad o la longitud axial (LA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de 131 ojos derechos de pacientes sin enfermedad oftalmológica. Se recogieron el sexo y la edad y se midió la LA utilizando un biómetro óptico Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Suiza). El grosor del recto medio (RM) se midió a 7,2 y 9,2mm desde el limbo y el recto lateral (RL) a 8,5 y 10,5 mm utilizando la OCT. Se ajustó un modelo multivariable para analizar si el sexo, la edad y la LA podrían influir sobre el grosor muscular. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue 43,3 ± 20,9 años (rango 6-86), siendo 59% mujeres. La LA media fue 24,9 ± 2,7mm (rango: 20,4-33,8). El grosor medio del RL a 8,5mm fue 188,5 ± 51,2 μm (rango 69-342) y 186,5 ± 45,9 μm (rango 75 - 269) a 10,5 mm. El grosor del RM fue 158,1 ± 39,1μm (rango 69 - 273) a 7,2 mm y 193,7 ± 55,9 μm (rango 105-386) a 9,2 mm. Se observó correlación entre el grosor del RM y la LA (R = -0,255; p = 0,023), no hallándose correlación para el RL (p ≥ 0,203). Tampoco se encontró asociación entre el grosor y el sexo o la edad (p ≥ 0,125). CONCLUSIONES: La OCT permite medir el grosor de los músculos rectos horizontales, observándose una asociación entre el grosor del RM y la LA

OBJECTIVE: To report reference values for the horizontal rectus muscles thickness using Spectral Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to evaluate whether there are any correlations between the muscle thickness and gender, age, or axial length (AL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 right eyes of healthy subjects. The gender and age were recorded, and axial length was measured using an optical biometer. The medial rectus (MR) muscle thickness was measured at 7.2 and 9.2 mm from the limbus, and the lateral rectus (LR) at 8.5 and 10.5 mm from the limbus using OCT. A multivariate model was adjusted to determine whether gender, age, and axial length could have an impact on the muscle thickness. RESULTS: Mean age was 43.3 ± 20.9 years (range 6-86), and 59% were women. Mean AL was 24.9 ± 2.7 mm (range: 20.4 - 33.8). Mean thickness was 188.5 ± 51.2 μm (range 69-342) for the LR at 8.5 and 186.5 ± 45.9 μm (range 75-269) at 10.5 mm, and for the MR, 158.1 ± 39.1μm (range 69 - 273) at 7.2 mm and 193.7 ± 55.9μm (range 105-386) at 9.2 mm. A correlation was observed between the AL and MR thickness (R = -.255; P = .023) while no correlation was observed for the LR (P ≥ 0.203). No correlations were found between thickness and gender or thickness and age (P ≥ 0.125). CONCLUSIONS: The reference ranges of the horizontal rectus muscles thickness was described using SD-OCT, observing an association between the AL and the MR thickness

Historia breve de la cirugía de la cavidad anoftálmica y los implantes orbitarios / A brief history of the anophthalmic socket surgical technique and orbital implants

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Assessment of extraocular muscle thickness and correlation study using optical coherence tomography. / Evaluación del grosor de los músculos extraoculares y estudio de correlación mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica.

OBJECTIVE: To report reference values for the horizontal rectus muscles thickness using Spectral Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to evaluate whether there are any correlations between the muscle thickness and gender, age, or axial length (AL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 right eyes of healthy subjects. The gender and age were recorded, and axial length was measured using an optical biometer. The medial rectus (MR) muscle thickness was measured at 7.2 and 9.2mm from the limbus, and the lateral rectus (LR) at 8.5 and 10.5mm from the limbus using OCT. A multivariate model was adjusted to determine whether gender, age, and axial length could have an impact on the muscle thickness. RESULTS: Mean age was 43.3±20.9 years (range 6-86), and 59% were women. Mean AL was 24.9±2.7mm (range: 20.4-33.8). Mean thickness was 188.5±51.2µm (range 69-342) for the LR at 8.5 and 186.5±45.9µm (range 75-269) at 10.5mm, and for the MR, 158.1±39.1µm (range 69-273) at 7.2mm and 193.7±55.9µm (range 105-386) at 9.2mm. A correlation was observed between the AL and MR thickness (R=-.255; P=.023) while no correlation was observed for the LR (P≥0.203). No correlations were found between thickness and gender or thickness and age (P≥0.125). CONCLUSIONS: The reference ranges of the horizontal rectus muscles thickness was described using SD-OCT, observing an association between the AL and the MR thickness.

Concordancia de la distancia desde la inserción hasta el limbo de los músculos rectos entre la medida intraoperatoria y con tomografía de coherencia óptica / Agreement between intraoperative measurements and optical coherence tomography of the limbus-insertion distance of the extraocular muscles

OBJETIVO: Valorar la concordancia entre la medida intraoperatoria y mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT) de la distancia desde la inserción muscular de los rectos horizontales hasta el limbo. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 67 músculos de 21 pacientes con estrabismo. La distancia inserción-limbo de los músculos rectos horizontales fue medida mediante SD-OCT y de forma intraoperatoria de 2 maneras: 1) directa, tras la apertura de la conjuntiva en los pacientes en los que se realizó cirugía; 2) transconjuntival, en aquellos que fueron tratados con toxina o en músculos que no iban a ser intervenidos. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y se realizó un análisis de Bland-Altman para determinar la concordancia entre las medidas. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue 45,9 ± 20,9 años (rango 16-85), con el 52% de mujeres. El porcentaje de identificación de manera intraoperatoria directa fue el 95,6% (22/23), mientras que transconjuntival fue el 90,9% (40/44) y mediante OCT fue de 85% (57/67). Fueron finalmente analizados para el estudio de concordancia 22 músculos mediante medida intraoperatoria directa y OCT y 35 mediante medida transconjuntival y OCT. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase mostró buena fiabilidad de la medida con OCT tanto con la medida intraoperatoria directa (0,931; intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%): 0,839-0,972; p < 0,001), como con la medida intraoperatoria transconjuntival (0,889; IC 95%: 0,790-0,942; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La OCT de dominio espectral permite medir de una forma eficaz la distancia desde la inserción de los músculos rectos horizontales hasta el limbo esclerocorneal, con una elevada concordancia con la medida intraoperatoria

OBJECTIVE:To assess the agreement between intraoperative measurements of the limbus-insertion distance of the extraocular muscles with those measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: An analysis was made of a total of 67 muscles of 21 patients with strabismus. The limbus-insertion distance of the horizontal rectus muscles were measured using pre-operative SD-OCT and intra-operatively in 2 ways: 1) direct, after a conjunctival dissection in patients who underwent surgery, or 2) transconjunctival in patients who were treated with botulinum toxin, or in those who were not going to be operated. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to determine the concordance between the 2 methods. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.9 ±20.9 years (range 16 to 85), with 52% being women. The percentage of identification by direct intraoperative measurement was 95.6% (22/23), by transconjunctival intraoperative measurement 90.9% (40/44), and by OCT 85% (57/67), with 22 muscles finally being analysed for the agreement study between direct intraoperative measurement and OCT measurements, and 35 muscles for the agreement between transconjuctival intraoperative measurement and OCT. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed good agreement with OCT and direct intraoperative measurements (0.931; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.839-0.972; P<.001), and with transconjunctival intraoperative measurements (0.889; 95% CI: 0.790-0.942; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SD-OCT is an effective technique to measure the distance from the insertion of the horizontal rectus muscles to the limbus, with a high agreement with intraoperative measurements being demonstrated

Agreement between intraoperative measurements and optical coherence tomography of the limbus-insertion distance of the extraocular muscles. / Concordancia de la distancia desde la inserción hasta el limbo de los músculos rectos entre la medida intraoperatoria y con tomografía de coherencia óptica.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the agreement between intraoperative measurements of the limbus-insertion distance of the extraocular muscles with those measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: An analysis was made of a total of 67 muscles of 21 patients with strabismus. The limbus-insertion distance of the horizontal rectus muscles were measured using pre-operative SD-OCT and intra-operatively in 2 ways: 1) direct, after a conjunctival dissection in patients who underwent surgery, or 2) transconjunctival in patients who were treated with botulinum toxin, or in those who were not going to be operated. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to determine the concordance between the 2 methods. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.9 ±20.9 years (range 16 to 85), with 52% being women. The percentage of identification by direct intraoperative measurement was 95.6% (22/23), by transconjunctival intraoperative measurement 90.9% (40/44), and by OCT 85% (57/67), with 22 muscles finally being analysed for the agreement study between direct intraoperative measurement and OCT measurements, and 35 muscles for the agreement between transconjuctival intraoperative measurement and OCT. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed good agreement with OCT and direct intraoperative measurements (0.931; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.839-0.972; P<.001), and with transconjunctival intraoperative measurements (0.889; 95% CI: 0.790-0.942; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SD-OCT is an effective technique to measure the distance from the insertion of the horizontal rectus muscles to the limbus, with a high agreement with intraoperative measurements being demonstrated.

Historia de la cirugía del glaucoma (I): desde Graefe a las primeras cirugías filtrantes / History of glaucoma surgery (I): From Graefe to the first steps of filtering surgeries

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Historia de la cirugía del glaucoma (II): de la goniotomía a la primera cirugía no perforante / History of glaucoma surgery (II): From goniotomy to the first non-penetrating surgery

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POD-1/Tcf21 overexpression reduces endogenous SF-1 and StAR expression in rat adrenal cells

During gonad and adrenal development, the POD-1/capsulin/TCF21transcription factor negatively regulates SF-1/NR5A1expression, with higher SF-1 levels being associated with increased adrenal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In adrenocortical tumor cells, POD-1 binds to the SF-1 E-box promoter region, decreasing SF-1 expression. However, the modulation of SF-1 expression by POD-1 has not previously been described in normal adrenal cells. Here, we analyzed the basal expression of Pod-1 and Sf-1 in primary cultures of glomerulosa (G) and fasciculata/reticularis (F/R) cells isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats, and investigated whether POD-1 overexpression modulates the expression of endogenous Sf-1 and its target genes in these cells. POD-1 overexpression, following the transfection of pCMVMycPod-1, significantly decreased the endogenous levels of Sf-1 mRNA and protein in F/R cells, but not in G cells, and also decreased the expression of the SF-1 target StAR in F/R cells. In G cells overexpressing POD-1, no modulation of the expression of SF-1 targets, StAR and CYP11B2, was observed. Our data showing that G and F/R cells respond differently to ectopic POD-1 expression emphasize the functional differences between the outer and inner zones of the adrenal cortex, and support the hypothesis that SF-1 is regulated by POD-1/Tcf21 in normal adrenocortical cells lacking the alterations in cellular physiology found in tumor cells.

POD-1/Tcf21 overexpression reduces endogenous SF-1 and StAR expression in rat adrenal cells.

During gonad and adrenal development, the POD-1/capsulin/TCF21transcription factor negatively regulates SF-1/NR5A1expression, with higher SF-1 levels being associated with increased adrenal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In adrenocortical tumor cells, POD-1 binds to the SF-1 E-box promoter region, decreasing SF-1 expression. However, the modulation of SF-1 expression by POD-1 has not previously been described in normal adrenal cells. Here, we analyzed the basal expression of Pod-1 and Sf-1 in primary cultures of glomerulosa (G) and fasciculata/reticularis (F/R) cells isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats, and investigated whether POD-1 overexpression modulates the expression of endogenous Sf-1 and its target genes in these cells. POD-1 overexpression, following the transfection of pCMVMycPod-1, significantly decreased the endogenous levels of Sf-1 mRNA and protein in F/R cells, but not in G cells, and also decreased the expression of the SF-1 target StAR in F/R cells. In G cells overexpressing POD-1, no modulation of the expression of SF-1 targets, StAR and CYP11B2, was observed. Our data showing that G and F/R cells respond differently to ectopic POD-1 expression emphasize the functional differences between the outer and inner zones of the adrenal cortex, and support the hypothesis that SF-1 is regulated by POD-1/Tcf21 in normal adrenocortical cells lacking the alterations in cellular physiology found in tumor cells.

Caracterização química e atividade biológica de extratos aquosos de Brunfelsiacuneifolia J. A. Schmidt (Solanaceae) / Preliminary chemical characterization and biological activity of aqueous extracts of Brunfelsia cuneifolia J. A. Schmidt (Solanaceae)

RESUMO O gênero Brunfelsia possui ainda poucas informações a respeito de sua composição química ou confirmações científicas de suas propriedades medicinais, apesar do uso na medicina tradicional pelos povos amazônicos. Este trabalho buscou caracterizar a espécie Brunfelsia cuneifolia, cultivada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, quanto a sua composição química e atividade biológica. Foram obtidos extratos aquosos a quente, a frio, e por ultrassom, a partir de folhas frescas. A caracterização química realizada por CLAE determinou a presença dos compostos fenólicos: ácido ferúlico e rutina, em todos os extratos, sendo as maiores quantidades apresentadas pela extração a frio. A análise por EMAR identificou a fórmula molecular de nove substâncias nos diferentes extratos, incluindo a presença do alcaloide brunfelsamidina em todos os extratos obtidos. Para a atividade biológica, devido à similaridade de resposta e teor nas diferentes formas de extração, foi possível correlacionar a atividade antioxidante, avaliada através da redução do radical DPPH*, com o teor de compostos fenólicos totais obtidos pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu. A toxicidade dos extratos avaliada pela utilização de Artemia salina revelou ausência de toxidez. Os resultados obtidos são os primeiros apresentados para a caracterização desta espécie, colaborando também para a pesquisa científica acerca dos usos popularmente atribuídos ao gênero.

ABSTRACT There is still not a lot of information about the Brunfelsiagenus. Its respective chemical composition and possible scientific proofs of its medicinal properties were not deeply researched, even though the use of the species is common in the traditional medicine of Amazonian populations. This study aimed to characterize the Brunfelsia cuneifolia species, grown in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, regarding its chemical composition and biological activity. Hot, cold and ultrasound aqueous extracts of fresh leaves were obtained. The chemical characterization performed by the HPLC determined the presence of phenolic compounds, ferulic acid and rutin in all extracts, with the largest amount presented by the cold extraction method. The HRMS analysis identified the molecular formula of nine substances in different extracts, including the presence of the alkaloid brunfelsamidina in all the extracts. For biological activity, it was possible to correlate the measured antioxidant activity through the reduction of DPPH * with the content of phenolic compounds obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, which exhibited similar response and content in the different forms of extraction. The toxicity of the extracts evaluated through the use of Artemia salina was negative. The obtained results are the first ones presented for the characterization of this species, also contributing to scientific research on the popular applications related to this genus.

Pressure-temperature evolution of primordial solar system solids during impact-induced compaction.

Prior to becoming chondritic meteorites, primordial solids were a poorly consolidated mix of mm-scale igneous inclusions (chondrules) and high-porosity sub-µm dust (matrix). We used high-resolution numerical simulations to track the effect of impact-induced compaction on these materials. Here we show that impact velocities as low as 1.5 km s(-1) were capable of heating the matrix to >1,000 K, with pressure-temperature varying by >10 GPa and >1,000 K over ~100 µm. Chondrules were unaffected, acting as heat-sinks: matrix temperature excursions were brief. As impact-induced compaction was a primary and ubiquitous process, our new understanding of its effects requires that key aspects of the chondrite record be re-evaluated: palaeomagnetism, petrography and variability in shock level across meteorite groups. Our data suggest a lithification mechanism for meteorites, and provide a 'speed limit' constraint on major compressive impacts that is inconsistent with recent models of solar system orbital architecture that require an early, rapid phase of main-belt collisional evolution.