Enhanced Method for the Synthesis and Comprehensive Characterization of 1-(4-Phenylquinolin-2-yl)propan-1-one.

We present an enhanced method for synthesizing a novel compound, 1-(4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)propan-1-one (3), through the solvent-free Friedländer quinoline synthesis using poly(phosphoric acid) as an assisting agent. The crystal structure of compound 3 is analyzed using FT-IR, and the chemical shifts of its 1H- and 13C NMR spectra are measured and calculated using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), CAM-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), and M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) basis sets in the gas phase. Additionally, the optimized geometry of quinoline 3 is compared with experimental X-ray diffraction values. Through density functional theory calculations, we explore various aspects of the compound's properties, including noncovalent interactions, Hirshfeld surface analysis, nonlinear optical properties, thermodynamic properties, molecular electrostatic potential, and frontier molecular orbitals. These investigations reveal chemically active sites within this quinoline derivative that contribute to its chemical reactivity.

Facile synthesis of carbon quantum dot/silver nanocomposite and its antimicrobial, catalytic and sensing applications.

Environmentally benign synthesis of nanocomposite, a pivotal facet of nanotechnology, and gaining prominence due to the increasing demand for facile, sustainable, and safe synthesis methods. The present research reports an facile/cost-effective method for the preparation of carbon dots (CDs) and carbon dot silver nanocomposites ( CD@AgNCs) via a hydrothermal treatment of peanut shells. The well-dispersed and spherical CDs with an average diameter of 5-6 nm were obtained and further employed for the preparation of CD@AgNCs. The formation of CD@AgNCs. was confirmed by optical and microscopic studies and ared shift in the λmax from 277 nm (CDs) to 450 nm (CD@AgNCs) with a size range of 30-40 nm was observed. The synthesized CD@AgNCs exhibit excellent catalytic potency for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, and also displaying a unique interaction and sensing ability towards heavy metal ions (Hg2+), causing a pronounced change in color from reddish-brown to transparent with limit of detection (LOD) of 23.47 ppm. Also, the prepared composite exhibit efficient antimicrobial potential against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Consequently, this study delves into a unified effective remediation platform with the integration of catalysis, sensing, and antimicrobial potentials.

Biogenic silver based nanostructures: Synthesis, mechanistic approach and biological applications.

The alarming impact of antibiotic resistance sparked the quest for complementary treatments to overcome the confrontation over resistant pathogens. Metallic nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained a much attention because of their remarkable biological characteristics. Moreover, their medicinal properties can be enhanced by preparing the composites with other materials. This article delves a comprehensive review of biosynthesis route for Ag NPs and their nanocomposites (NCs) with in-depth mechanism, methods and favorable experimental parameters. Comprehensive biological features Ag NPs such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal have been examined, with a focus on their potential uses in biomedicine and diagnostics has also been discussed. Additionally, we have also explored the hitches and potential outcomes of biosynthesis of Ag NPs in biomedical filed.

Potential medicinal plants to combat viral infections: A way forward to environmental biotechnology.

The viral diseases encouraged scientific community to evaluate the natural antiviral bioactive components rather than protease inhibitors, harmful organic molecules or nucleic acid analogues. For this purpose, medicinal plants have been gaining tremendous importance in the field of attenuating the various kinds of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Most of the commonly used medicines contains the bioactive components/phytoconstituents that are generally extracted from medicinal plants. Moreover, the medicinal plants offer many advantages for the recovery applications of infectious disease especially in viral infections including HIV-1, HIV-2, Enterovirus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Hepatitis B virus, Herpes Virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Chandipura virus and Influenza A/H1N1. Considering the lack of acceptable drug candidates and the growing antimicrobial resistance to existing drug molecules for many emerging viral diseases, medicinal plants may offer best platform to develop sustainable/efficient/economic alternatives against viral infections. In this regard, for exploring and analyzing large volume of scientific data, bibliometric analysis was done using VOS Viewer shedding light on the emerging areas in the field of medicinal plants and their antiviral activity. This review covers most of the plant species that have some novel bioactive compound like gnidicin, gniditrin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, curcumin, tannin and oleuropin which showed high efficacy to inhibit the several disease causing virus and their mechanism of action in HIV, Covid-19, HBV and RSV were discussed. Moreover, it also delves the in-depth mechanism of medicinal with challenges and future prospective. Therefore, this work delves the key role of environment in the biological field.

Catalytic and antimicrobial potential of green synthesized Au and Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles.

It has been a never-ending quest to design a safe, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable technology for eliminating contaminants from water and countering antibiotic resistance. Herein, a waste leaf extract from the abundant and renewable plant, Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, is introduced as a cost-effective and sustainable means to generate gold (Au) and Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs). In comparison to the bare Au NPs, bimetallic NPs demonstrated improved catalytic and antibacterial capabilities. The reduction process conforms to the pseudo-first-order kinetic, and apparent rate constant (kapp) was calculated to be 0.46 min-1, according to the kinetic analysis. With both microbial pathogens, E. coli (Gram-negative) and B. subtilis (Gram-positive), an increment of Au and Au@Ag NPs lead to a considerable improvement in the zone of clearance. The present outcome is a step forward in the establishment of a viable and cost-effective catalytic and antibacterial platform based on bimetallic NPs that could be generated in an inexpensive and eco-friendly manner.

A Calculation Model of the General Theory of Interaction Potentials for Stoichiometric Lanthanide Type Crystals: Applications to the Cs2KLnCl6 System.

This article aims to develop a generalized model calculation model to be applicable to the general theory of interaction potentials with reference to the stoichiometric elpasolite type crystals. In this study, we have chosen to report both a theoretical model and a calculation strategy to undertake semi empirical calculations of thermodynamic properties, such as reticular energies and heats of formation for the series of systems such as: Cs2KLnCl6. We have also carried out quite a number of calculations for a variety of systems such as: Cs2NaLnF6, Cs2NaLnCl6, Cs2NaLnBr6, Rb2NaLnF6 and Cs2KLnF6 in the Fm3m space group since we aim to check the strengths and weaknesses of our model calculations. We have analyzed a substantial number of approximate theoretical models and have carried a formidable amount of computing simulations to estimate the reticular energies and the corresponding heat of formation for these type of crystal using a semi empirical model. We made use of the thermodynamic cycles of Born-Haber so as to get a broad view with reference to the accuracy of our semi empirical theoretical models. The problem itself is quite challenging since we have focused our attention upon trivalent lanthanide ions [Formula: see text] in the first inner transition series of the chemical elements: (Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). There are a significant amount of outstanding research works published in the literature with reference to structural analysis, one photon spectroscopy, vibrionic intensity model calculations and generalized models to deal with these kind of complex crystals. The calculated energy values associated with these observables seems to be most reasonable, and these follow the expected trends, as may be expected on both theoretical and experimental grounds. Both, the advantages and disadvantages of the current model calculations, have been tested against other previous calculations performed for this type of complex systems. It is of a paramount importance, the results obtained and reported in this article with regards to convergence tests as well as some master equations derived to account for the various contributions to the total energy. The Born-Mayer-Buckingham potential is carefully examined with reference to these lanthanide type crystals Cs2KLnCl6. Finally but not at last, the most likely sources for improvement are carefully discussed in this work. We strongly believe that there is enough room for improvement and have therefore initiated a new research program of activities tackling systems of well-known optical and structural properties.

El burnout como forma de estrés laboral y su dimensión forense / Burnout as a work stress and its forensic dimension

El presente trabajo analiza la delimitación conceptual del síndrome de burnout o de quemarse por el trabajo, como forma de estrés laboral, y las dimensiones relevantes para su evaluación desde el punto de vista clínico, organizacional y forense. Se analizan las implicaciones legales del burnout desde la perspectiva de la prevención de riesgos laborales y sobre las limitaciones que impone en la capacidad laboral y las repercusiones forenses que ha generado en España. Para ello, se elabora un análisis sistemático de 160 resoluciones judiciales (85 de ellas relevantes) relacionadas con el burnout y dictadas por tribunales españoles desde finales de los años 90. Se concluye que el síndrome ha generado un volumen constante de jurisprudencia en la jurisdicción laboral, alcanzando la categoría de accidente de trabajo y diversos grados de incapacidad laboral. Los datos analizados sugieren la importancia de una adecuada evaluación de este fenómeno, dadas sus repercusiones, tanto desde el plano prevencionista, como pericial o forense(AU)

Estrategias de afrontamiento en víctimas de mobbing: diferencias entre trabajadores Españoles e inmigrantes latinoamericanos y consideraciones clínicas / Coping strategies in harassed victims: differences between Spanish and latin-american immigrant workers and clinical considerations

En este artículo se presenta un estudio-piloto sobre el empleo de estrategias de afrontamiento por parte de trabajadores españoles e inmigrantes latinoamericanos víctimas de mobbing que han acudido en busca de ayuda a la Plataforma contra los Riesgos Psicosociales y la Discriminación Laboral de la Comunidad de Madrid (PRIDICAM) durante el periodo 2007-2012. El objetivo del presente estudio es comprobar si existen diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos a la hora de afrontar el estresor del acoso laboral. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio transversal y se han comparado las puntuaciones obtenidas. Se ha contado con una muestra de 75 víctimas españolas y otra de 75 víctimas latinoamericanas. Todos ellos cumplimentaron el CSI (Coping Strategies Inventory). Los resultados obtenidos indican que los trabajadores latinoamericanos utilizan de forma más evidente estrategias adecuadas centradas en la emoción y en menor medida estrategias inadecuadas centradas en la emoción que los trabajadores españoles. Además, los trabajadores latinoamericanos alcanzan mayor puntuación en relación al manejo inadecuado centrado en el problema. Pese a ello, no se encuentran diferencias significativas globales en relación al manejo adecuado o inadecuado del mobbing entre las muestras de estudio. Por último, se discuten distintas consideraciones clínicas en relación a las estrategias de afrontamiento y su relación con el acoso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo así como su relevancia para la salud de los trabajadores.

In this article a pilot-study is carried out on the use of coping strategies of Spanish and Latin-American harassed workers who have come in search of help to the "Platform against the Psychosocial Factors and the Labour Discrimination of the Community of Madrid" (PRIDICAM) during the period 2007-2012. The aim of the present study is to verify if significant differences exist in both groups at the moment of confronting the workplace harassment. A transverse study has been realized and the obtained averages have been compared. A sample of 75 Spanish victims and other one of 75 Latin-American victims are considered. All of them completed the SCI (Coping Strategies Inventory). The obtained results indicate that the Latin-American workers use major number of positive emotion-focused strategies and minor negative ones. In addition, the Latin-American workers reach major average in relation to the negative problem-focused strategies. However, the differences in relation to the positive or negative coping are not significant between the studied samples. Finally, different clinical considerations are discussed in relation to the coping strategies and their relation with the workplace bullying as well as their relevancy for the health of the workers.

Descripción de las causas y tipos de tratamiento efectuados en dientes con invasión del espacio biológico o con necesidad de cirugía preprotésica: serie de casos / Descrição das causas e tipos de tratamentos efetuados em dentes com invasão de espaço biológico e/ou necessidade de cirurgia pré-protésica: série de casos / Description of causes and treatment types made in teeth with biological space invasion and/or in need of pre-prosthetic surgery: case series

Antecedentes: la decisión de rehabilitar o extraer un diente la determina conocer las causas de la destrucción dental que influyen en el plan de tratamiento y pronóstico. Objetivo: describir indicaciones, tratamientos quirúrgicos periodontales previos a la restauración dental, dientes más afectados y edad de pacientes con invasión del espacio biológico (IEB) o necesidad de cirugía preprotésica. Método: este trabajo es una serie de casos de 162 pacientes de ambos sexos, quienes fueron atendidos en las clínicas de pregrado de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador (UEES). Después del análisis clínico y radiográfico, se verificó la necesidad de procedimientos periodontales para la recuperación de espacio biológico o cirugías preprotésicas. Resultados: el 28% de los pacientes fueron hombres, y el 72%, mujeres. Las causas de IEB y tratamiento preprotésico más frecuentes fueron caries, márgenes subgingivales de restauraciones y fracturas. Los dientes más afectados fueron los premolares y primeros molares. El 60% de los procedimientos se realizaron en pacientes entre 23 y 42 años. Los tratamientos más frecuentes fueron alargamiento de corona clínica con ostectomía (62%), sin ostectomía (23,5%) y gingivectomía con electrobisturí (8,7%). Conclusión: caries, fracturas dentales y restauraciones subgingivales fueron las causas más frecuentes de IEB. El colgajo periodontal con ostectomía continúa siendo el procedimiento más utilizado para resolver dichos problemas. El reconocimiento de las causas de la IEB, los dientes más afectados, la edad de los pacientes y el tipo de tratamiento efectuado establecerá un mejor pronóstico rehabilitador, haciendo énfasis en las medidas operatorias necesarias para reducir el fracaso de la rehabilitación.

Background: The decision to rehabilitate or extract a tooth is determined by the knowledge of the causes of dental destruction affecting treatment plan and prognosis. Aim: Describe indications, surgical periodontal therapy prior to dental restoration, most affected teeth and age of the patients with invasion of biological space (IBS) and/or pre-prosthetic surgery. Methods: This is a case series report of 162 patients, male and female, who were treated at the predoctoral dental program of Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador. After clinical and radiographic analysis, the need for periodontal procedures for the recovery of biological space and/or pre-prosthetic surgery was verified. Results: 28% of patients were male and 72% female. The most common causes of IBS and/or pre-prosthetic treatment were caries, restorations with subgingival margins, and fractures. The most affected teeth were the premolarsand first molars. 60% of the procedures were performed in patients between 23-42 years of age. The most common treatments were clinical crown lengthening without ostectomy (23.5%), with ostectomy (62%), and electrosurgical gingivectomy (8.7%). Conclusion: Caries, fractured teeth and subgingival restorations were the most common causes of IBS The periodontal flap with ostectomy remains to be the most used procedure to solve these problems. Recognizing the causes of the IBS, the most affected teeth, the age of the patients and the type of treatment will allow for a better rehabilitating prognosis, emphasizing on the operative measures necessary to reduce rehabilitation failures.

Antecedentes: a decisão entre conservar ou extrair um dente é determinada pelo conhecimento das causas que produzem a destruição dental que influem no plano de tratamento e prognostico dos dentes envolvidos. Objetivo: descrever os procedimentos cirúrgicos periodontais realizados previamente à restauração dental, etiologia, dente mais afetado e idade dos pacientes. Método: este relatório é uma série de casos de 162 pacientes de ambos os sexos que foram tratados nos clínicas da graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Evangélica de El Salvador. Posterior ao analise clínico, radiográfico e diagnóstico se realizou o plano de tratamento, onde se verificou a necessidade de procedimentos periodontais para a recuperação do espaço biológico (EB) e/ou pré-protéticos. Os procedimentos foram realizados por um operador treinado na área da periodontia. Resultados: 28% dos pacientes foram homens e 72% mulheres. As causas mais freqüentes de invasão do EB e/ou tratamento pré-protético foram caries, margens sub-gengivais de restaurações e fraturas. Os dentes mais afetados foram os pré-molares e primeiros molares. 60% dos procedimentos foram realizados em pacientes entre 23 y 42 anos. Os tratamentos mais freqüentes foram: Aumento de Coroa Clínica associado à Osteotomia (62%), sem Osteotomia (23,5%) e gingivectomia com eletrobisturi (8,7%). Conclusão: o reconhecimento das causas da invasão do EB, os dentes mais afetados, grupo etário e tipo de tratamento efetuado, permitirão estabelecer um melhor prognóstico reabilitador, pondo maior ênfase nas medidas reabilitadoras direcionadas à redução da falha ou fracasso reabilitador.

Corrección vertical de reborde edéntulo y creación de papila a través de pónticos ovoides: reporte de caso clínico / Vertical ridge correction and papilla creation using ovate pontics: a clinical report

El objetivo del presente caso clínico fue corregir el defecto vertical de un reborde edentulo en el sector antero superior a través de una Matriz Dérmica Acelular (Alloderm®). El plan de tratamiento contemplo la rehabilitación a través de una Prótesis Parcial Fija. Una vez corregida la altura del reborde se confeccionaron encerados diagnósticos y provisionales para efectuar presión selectiva a los tejidos gingivales y de esta forma estimular a la formación papilar. Paralelamente se modifico el ancho mesio distal de los pónticos a fin de manejar adecuadamente el espacio edéntulo y evitar la formación de espacios por debajo del póntico que perjudicaran la estética, fonética y función del paciente.

The objective of the present clinical case was to correct the vertical defect of an edentulous ridge in the anterior-superior area by using an Acellular Dermic Matrix (AlloDerm®). The treatment was planned to make a Fixed Partial Prosthesis. Affter correcting the ridge height, diagnostic wax-up and provisionals were made, to exert selective pressure in the gingival tissues to stimulate the creation of papilla. At the same time, the pontic mesio-distal width were modified to manage correctly the edentulous space and avoid the formation of spaces under the pontic which would affect esthetics, fonetics and function of the patient.

Avaliação do efeito de diferentes pós de bicarbonato sobre a superfície radicular / Assessment of effect of several sodium bicarbonate powders over root surface

O controle da placa bacteriana é um fator chave na prevenção, controle e manutenção da doença periodontal. Dentro dos métodos desenhados para tal objetivo encontra-se a aplicação do jato de bicarbonato, indicado principalmente para a remoção da placa bacteriana supragengival e manchas exógenas localizadas sobre o dente. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito do jateamento de 5 marcas comerciais de bicarbonato de sódio sobre o cemento dentário, através do microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e a caracterização física das partículas dos pós abrasivos pelo teste BET (áreaespecífica). Os resultados mostraram que todos os pós produziram uma superfície irregular e rugosa semelhantes entre si; o teste BET mostrou que o pó INODON (3,29m2/g) apresentou a menor área específica, o POLIDENT (5,22 m2/g) a maior, os outros pós apresentaram valores intermediários entre os dois anteriores. Os achados do teste BET foram concordantes com as características encontradas na superfície no MEV. Concluiu-se que todos os pós produziram superfícies irregulares e semelhantes e as diferenças entre os grupos não foram significativas.

The control of dental plaque represent an important factor on prevention, control and maintenance of periodontal disease. A Profident air-powder system is one of the methods to attain such objective, indicated principally to remove supragingival plaque and exogen stains over teeth. The objective of this work was assess the effect of Profident air powder system on cementum surfaces using five trademarks of sodium bicarbonate powders through scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and a physical characterization of particles powders by BET test (specific area). Our results showed that all powders produced irregular and rough surfaces, without accentuates differences between them; a BET test showed that INODON (3,29 m2/g) powder has a highest specificarea and a POLIDENT (5,22 m2/g) the lowest, the others powders had intermediate values. We concluded that all powders produced irregular surfaces, the differences between xperimental groups are not significant

Effectiveness of a mouthwash containing Triclosan and Gantrez in the reduction of biofilm and gingivitis: a clinical pilot study.

AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mouthwash containing Triclosan and Gantrez in the reduction of bacterial biofilm and gingivitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty patients were assigned to control and experimental groups. The visible plaque index and the marginal bleeding index were determined at the baseline, and at the second and third months, at which time a percentage of bacterial plaque and bleeding was obtained for each patient. All patients were given unlabeled toothpaste without Triclosan and Gantrez and soft-bristle toothbrushes. Additionally, the experimental group patients used unlabeled mouthwash with Triclosan and Gantrez. The participants were instructed to rinse for 60 seconds after brushing, twice a day. RESULTS: At the baseline, the control and experimental group's bacterial plaque and marginal bleeding indices were close to each other (46.61% and 50.75% respectively; 7.62% and 9.59% respectively). At the third month, the experimental group presented bacterial plaque and marginal bleeding indices of 6.56% and 0.43% respectively, while the control presented 11.37% and 2.41% respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05), with a discrete tendency to better results in the experimental group for both variables. However, there were significant differences among the experimental periods (p<0.05), except between the second and third months of observation. CONCLUSION: The mouthwash did not bring forth an additional advantage when combined with brushing. Additional studies where the observation period may be prolonged and the number of subjects increased are recommended. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It is important to understand the role chemical control of supragingival plaque can play as an aid in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Since bacterial biofilm is the primary etiological factor in gingivitis and periodontitis, it is essential to know how to control it in order to provide a more complete therapeutic strategy for patient care.

Scanning electron microscope assessment of several resharpening techniques on the cutting edges of Gracey curettes.

AIM: Treatment of periodontal diseases is based on efficient scaling and root planing (SRP) and adequate maintenance of the patient. The effectiveness of SRP is influenced by operator skill, access to the subgingival area, root anatomy, and the quality and type of instrument used for SRP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cutting edges of Gracey curettes after manufacturing and after resharpening using several techniques. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The cutting edges of a total of 41 new #5-6 stainless steel Gracey curettes were evaluated blindly using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quality of the cutting edges was evaluated blindly by a calibrated examiner using micrographs. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal Wallis test and non-parametric two-way multiple comparisons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Different sharpening techniques had significantly different effects on the sharpness of cutting edges (p<0.05). Sharpening by passing the lateral face of curettes over a sharpening stone and then a #299 Arkansas stone produced a high frequency of smooth, sharp edges or slightly irregular edges between the lateral and coronal faces of the curettes. Sharpening by passing a blunt stone over the curette's lateral face produced the poorest quality cutting edge (a bevel). Sharpening of the coronal curette face produced extremely irregular cutting edges and non-functional wire edges. Sharpening with rotary devices produced extremely irregular cutting edges.

Scanning electron microscopic and profilometric study of different sharpening stones.

Scaling and root planing contribute to the recovery of periodontal health. All periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting angle after use. To maintain this angle, correct sharpening is required using specifically designed stones. The characteristics of sharpening stones can be compared to the blade of the instruments and also transported to root surface during instrumentation. Root smoothness is related to the quality of the blade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of 9 sharpening stones by scanning electron microscopic and profilometric analyses. Ceramic and Neumar stones were very fine and both may be recommended to maintain the sharpness of the instruments. Arkansas, Thompson and CE stones presented greater roughness with very regular and round particles, and are suitable for maintenance of the cutting angle. In addition, these stones may be indicated for the routine sharpening of the instruments that are partly dull. Oxide Aluminum, Carborundum and JON stones were the coarsest with large irregular particles and may be indicated for initial sharpening of totally dull instruments with completion of sharpening with finer stones.

Scanning electron microscopic and profilometric study of different sharpening stones

Scaling and root planing contribute to the recovery of periodontal health. All periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting angle after use. To maintain this angle, correct sharpening is required using specifically designed stones. The characteristics of sharpening stones can be compared to the blade of the instruments and also transported to root surface during instrumentation. Root smoothness is related to the quality of the blade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of 9 sharpening stones by scanning electron microscopic and profilometric analyses. Ceramic and Neumar stones were very fine and both may be recommended to maintain the sharpness of the instruments. Arkansas, Thompson and CE stones presented greater roughness with very regular and round particles, and are suitable for maintenance of the cutting angle. In addition, these stones may be indicated for the routine sharpening of the instruments that are partly dull. Oxide Aluminum, Carborundum and JON stones were the coarsest with large irregular particles and may be indicated for initial sharpening of totally dull instruments with completion of sharpening with finer stones.

Sabe-se que a raspagem e aplainamento (RAR) radicular contribuem na obtenção da saúde periodontal tornando a raiz compatível com os tecidos gengivais. Todo instrumento perde o corte após ser utilizado, tornando-se menos eficaz. Portanto, é necessário mantê-lo corretamente afiado utilizando pedras especificas para tal objetivo. Considerando que características do ângulo de corte após a afiação podem ser transportadas para a raiz formando irregularidades semelhantes às da pedra utilizada e que a lisura da raiz está relacionada com a qualidade do ângulo de corte, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise em rugosímetro as características de 9 pedras de afiar. As pedras cerâmica e tipo Arkansas (Neumar) mostraram-se muito finas sendo indicadas para a manutenção do corte durante o tratamento; as pedras de Arkansas (Hu-Friedy), Thompson e CE (Tipo Arkansas) apresentaram abrasividade maior com partículas muito regulares e arredondadas, sendo indicadas para a manutenção do corte e afiação rotineira de instrumentos parcialmente sem corte. As pedras de óxido de alumínio, carborundum, Norton e JON (Oxido de Alumínio tipo Arkansas) mostraram-se grossas, com partículas grandes e irregulares, sendo indicadas para a afiação inicial de instrumentos sem corte, requerendo pedras mais finas para o acabamento final.

Técnica de replicação de amostras em positivo. Análise no Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura / Positive replication tehcnique. Scanning Electron Microscope Assessment

A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura apresenta algumas desvantagens como a formação de trincas ou contração do dente durante seu preparo, assim como a impossibilidade de realizar observações in vivo. Para diminuir estes problemas, têm-se desenvolvido técnicas de replicação, avaliando a cópia e não o dente, o que permite estudar processos e seqüências de tratamento na mesma amostra, tanto in vitro como in vivo. Dessa forma, a proposição deste trabalho é avaliar morfologicamente a fidelidade de uma técnica de replicação, utilizando 2 resinas epóxicas e uma técnica de moldagem em dentes humanos extraídos. Uma vez eliminado o cemento no terço cervical radicular dos dentes com alta rotação, delimitou-se uma área de 4X4 na qual foi aplicado EDTA-T 24% por 3 minutos, seguindo da lavagem com soro e secagem com jato de ar, expondo túbulos dentinários. Estes seguimentos foram moldados, utilizando silicona de adição Aquasil (pesada e leve). Posteriormente, as moldagens foram vazadas com as resinas CMR 028-endurecedor CME-251 (Polipox, São Paulo) e o Epoxiglass 1504 e endurecedor 1603 (Epoxiglass-SP). Todas as réplicas e dentes naturais foram avaliados no MEV tomando fotomicrografias que foram avaliadas de acordo com o grau de fidelidade na réplica dos túbulos dentinários. Os resultados mostraram que a técnica de replicação reproduziu satisfatoriamente as características da superfície dentária.

Avaliação do efeito da afiação com diferentes técnicas sobre o ângulo de corte de curetas de Gracey / Assessment of the effect of different sharp techniques over Gracey curettes cutting edge

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar em fotomicrografias obtidas em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) o ângulo de corte de curetas de Gracey 5-6 em três níveis: afiação de fábrica, após ficarem sem corte e após serem reafiadas utilizando nove diferentes técnicas padronizadas de afiação: 1-face lateral da cureta contra a pedra Arkansas plana; 2-face coronal e posteriormente a lateral contra a pedra Arkansas plana; 3-pedra de Arkansas plana contra a face lateral da cureta; 4-cone de óxido de alumínio a baixa rotação contra a face coronal e em seguida a face lateral da cureta; 5- face lateral da cureta com pedra Arkansas 299; 6- face lateral da cureta com o aparelho padronizador Hu-Friedy; 7- face coronal da cureta com ponta de videa; 8- face coronal da cureta com ponta de videa e em seguida a face lateral com pedra de Arkansas plana; 9- afiação da face coronal com ponta de videa e em seguida pó abrasivo e roda de feltro rotatória na face lateral da cureta. Foram tomadas fotomicrografias (350X) do ângulo de corte e posteriormente avaliadas por um examinador calibrado através do índice do ângulo de corte. A análise estatística de Kruskal Wallis e comparações múltiplas mostraram que as técnicas 1 e 2 foram as melhores técnicas de afiação seguidas...

Avaliação do efeito da afiação utilizando três tipos de pedras com e sem lubrificante sobre a superfície radicular após instrumentação - Parte II / Assesment of the effect of sharpen with three kinds of sharpen stones using or not lubricant over root surface _ Part II

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar ao Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura e Rugosímetro o efeito da afiação, utilizando três pedras de afiar com e sem lubrificante, sobre a superfície radicular instrumentada. Foram selecionadas 24 curetas Gracey 5/6 e 48 segmentos radiculares. As curetas e raízes foram distribuídas em 8 grupos. Superfície radicular instrumentada com curetas: novas, sem corte, reafiadas com pedras de Arkansas. Óxido de alumínio e Carborundum, com e sem lubrificante. Uma vez as curetas reafiadas, efetuou-se a instrumentção radicular utilizando o Aparelho Padronizador e Raspagem desenhado para estes estudo. As áreas raspadas foram analisadas no Rugosímetro e MEV onde foram realizadas fotomicrografias que foram avaliadas por 3 examinadores de acordo ao Índice Modificado de Irregularidade Superficial. A análise estatística mostrou que não houve diferença significante entre os grupos ao MEV. Já no rugosssímetro as pedras de Arkansas, com e sem lubrificante, tiveram a menor média de rugosidade, as pedras de Óxido de Alumínio, com e sem lubrificante, a maior média de rugosidade e as pedras de Carborundum, com e sem lubrificante, uma posição intermediária. Conforme os resultados, conclui-se que o fator lubrificante não exerceu influência significante sobre a superície radicular, sendo o fator tipo de pedra o que determinou principalmente os resultados

Avaliação do efeito da afiação, utilizando três tipos de pedras, com e sem lubrificante, sobre o ângulo de corte de curetas - Parte I / Assesment the effect of sharpen with three kinds of sharpen stones using or not lubricant over curet's cutting edges - Part I

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, ao Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), o efeito da afiação, com e sem lubrificante, utilizando três tipos de pedra sobre o ângulo de corte de curetas. Vente e quatro curetas 5/6 novas (Neumar) foram distribuídas em 8 grupos: novas, sem corte, reafiadas com pedras de Arkansas, Óxido de Alumínio e Carborundum, com e sem lubrificante. Posteriormente, as lâminas das curetas foram separadas das hastes, fotografadas ao MEV (500X) e avaliadas por 3 examinadores calibrados, designando-se valores de acordo com o Índice Modificado do Ângulo de Corte. Conforme os resultados e a análise estatística, concluiu-se: Em termos de lisura e integridade do ângulo de corte, não houve influência significante do lubrificante, e sim do tipo de pedra utilizada; as pedras de Arkansas, com e sem lubrificante, mostraram os melhores resultados; as pedras de Óxido de Alumínio os piores e as pedras de Carborundum com e sem lubrificante uma posição intermediária entre as duas anteriores