Intestinal tuberculosis can masquerade as Crohn's disease: A teachable moment.

Intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease are chronic granulomatous diseases with similar clinical presentations and can mimic one another. Their treatment modalities are completely different; however, sometimes it is challenging to differentiate them. We report a case of a 51-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain and on-and-off diarrhea for 4 years with weight loss. Clinical symptoms along with multiple aphthous ulcers in the terminal ileum and negative tuberculin test favored the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The patient did not respond to steroids. A repeat colonoscopy with acid-fast bacilli stain showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case highlights that acid-fast bacilli culture and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in all patients suspected of Crohn's disease.

A case report on agenesis of dorsal pancreas with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a rare entity.

Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is a clinically rare entity that occasionally presents with abdominal pain. It is also association with various disorders of glucose metabolism. Case presentation: A 23-year-old male presented with continuous epigastric pain for 4 h and intermittent vomiting. He has a history of experiencing recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhoea for the past 5 years. Additionally, he has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus for 15 years. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed the absence of body and tail of the pancreas. Discussion: ADP is caused by unknown factors, but may be linked to genetic mutations or changes in signalling pathways related to retinoic acid and hedgehog. Symptoms can be absent, but may include abdominal pain, pancreatitis, and hyperglycaemia due to beta-cell dysfunction and insulin deficiency. Imaging modalities, such as contrast tomography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, are crucial in the diagnosis of ADP. Conclusion: It is important to consider ADP as a differential diagnosis in patients with glucose metabolism disorders and associated symptoms such as abdominal pain, pancreatitis, or steatorrhea. It requires the combined use of imaging modalities such as ultrasound, contrast tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, as ultrasound alone may not provide a complete diagnosis.

Salmonella meningitis, an unusual complication of salmonella species: a case report from Nepal.

Salmonella meningitis, caused by a Gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is an uncommon but serious complication of Salmonella infection that can result in high mortality rates, significant neurological damage, and a high relapse rate, and has become a leading cause of Gram-negative bacterial meningitis in the developing world. Case presentation: A 16-year-old boy presented with high-grade fever and altered sensorium for 2 days associated with vomiting, headache, and photophobia. Case discussion: After invading the abdominal barrier, Salmonella can enter bloodstream and rarely present with meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture supported with other investigations can diagnose bacterial meningitis and its causative agent. Adequate treatment is essential to completely cure and prevent relapse. Conclusion: Given its invasive nature and potential serious consequences, such as relapse and antibiotic resistance, prompt, and appropriate treatment of Salmonella meningitis is essential.