Isoproterenol test and head-up tilt test for diagnosis of vasovagal syncope in elderly patients.

The elderly can be affected by vasovagal syncope, but they often do not have preceding symptoms. The head-up tilt test (HTT) is successfully used in half of the patients in which the diagnosis is difficult. In young people the association with the isoproterenol test improves the sensitivity of the HTT. In the elderly the effect of such an association is still debated, therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of the association between the two tests in old subjects to unmask the vasovagal nature of some syncopes of unknown origin. Twenty-four patients with negative HTT (18 males and 6 females; mean age 65 years) 10 with and 14 without organic heart disease were studied. The test protocol consisted of a continuous intravenous infusion of isoproterenol in successive stages starting from a dosage of 1 gamma/min for 5 min in supine position and then for 10 min in passive upright position at 80 (1st stage) up to maximum of 5 gamma/min (5th stage). The results obtained were: 12 patients (50%) had a positive test (reproduction of syncope) with a vasodepressor response in 6 of them and a mixed response in 6 patients. The mean time to syncope was during the 4th min of the 4th stage of treatment. The heart rate increase was 36% between the initial and peak values achieved during the test in patients with a positive test, and 10.5% in patients with negative test (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the isoproterenol test seems to increase the sensitivity of HTT in elderly patients with syncope of unknown origin.

[Efficacy and tolerance of aniracetam in elderly patients with primary or secondary mental deterioration]. / Efficacia e tollerabilità dell'aniracetam in pazienti anziani affetti da deterioramento mentale primitivo e secondario.

The study was carried out on 60 patients (mean age 69.9 +/- 10.3 years) suffering from slight-moderate brain pathology primary or secondary to vascular forms. Patients were treated with 1500 mg/day per os of Aniracetam or placebo. Drug efficiency evaluation was performed utilizing the following psychometric tests: Blessed Scale, figures repetition test, Benton test, Corsi test, Rey test, Pieron test, phrases construction test, verbal fluency test. They were carried out during basal visit after two and four month treatment. In Aniracetam treated group the score showed a significant improving during the first and second control. In placebo treated group no change statistically considerable happened in any test. Aniracetam has proved to be a useful drug in slight-moderate brain decay treatment of the elderly.