The dynamics of two iron-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus strains in industrial copper sulfide heap-leaching.

Several species within the Acidithiobacillus (At.) genus can derive energy from oxidizing ferrous iron and sulfur. Two bacterial strains according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences closely related to At. ferridurans and At. ferrivorans were obtained from the industrial sulfide heap leaching process at Minera Escondida (SLH), named D2 and DM, respectively. We applied statistical and data mining analyses to the abundance of At. ferridurans D2 and At. ferrivorans DM taxa in the industrial process over 16 years of operation. In addition, we performed phylogenetic analysis and genome comparison of the type strains, as well as culturing approaches with representative isolates of At. ferridurans D2 and At. ferrivorans DM taxa to understand the differential phenotypic features. Throughout the 16 years, two main operational stages were identified based on the D2 and DM taxa predominance in solution samples. The better suitability of At. ferrivorans DM to grow in a wide range of temperature and in micro-oxic environments, and to oxidize S by reducing Fe(III) revealed through culturing approaches can, in a way, explain the taxa distribution in both operational stages. The isolate At. ferridurans D2 could be considered as a specialist in aerobic sulfur oxidation, while isolate At. ferrivorans DM is a specialist in iron oxidation. In addition, the results from ore samples occasionally obtained from the industrial heap suggest that At. ferridurans D2 abundance was more related to its abundance in the solution samples than At. ferrivorans DM was. This dynamic coincides with previously obtained results in in-lab cell-mineral attaching experiments with both strains. This information increases our knowledge the ecophysiology of Acidithiobacillus and of the importance of diverse physiological traits at industrial bioleaching scales.

The Relationship between Retained Primitive Reflexes and Hemispheric Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be identified by a general tendency toward a reduction in the expression of low-band, widely dispersed integrative activities, which is made up for by an increase in localized, high-frequency, regionally dispersed activity. The study assessed ASD children and adults all possessing retained primitive reflexes (RPRs) compared with a control group that did not attempt to reduce or remove those RPRs and then examined the effects on qEEG and brain network connectivity. METHODS: Analysis of qEEG spectral and functional connectivity was performed, to identify associations with the presence or absence of retained primitive reflexes (RPRs), before and after an intervention based on TENS unilateral stimulation. RESULTS: The results point to abnormal lateralization in ASD, including long-range underconnectivity, a greater left-over-right qEEG functional connectivity ratio, and short-range overconnectivity in ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical improvement and the absence of RPRs may be linked to variations in qEEG frequency bands and more optimized brain networks, resulting in more developmentally appropriate long-range connectivity links, primarily in the right hemisphere.

Text mining methods for the characterisation of suicidal thoughts and behaviour.

Traditional research methods have shown low predictive value for suicidal risk assessments and limitations to be applied in clinical practice. The authors sought to evaluate natural language processing as a new tool for assessing self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and emotions related. We used MEmind project to assess 2838 psychiatric outpatients. Anonymous unstructured responses to the open-ended question "how are you feeling today?" were collected according to their emotional state. Natural language processing was used to process the patients' writings. The texts were automatically represented (corpus) and analyzed to determine their emotional content and degree of suicidal risk. Authors compared the patients' texts with a question used to assess lack of desire to live, as a suicidal risk assessment tool. Corpus consists of 5,489 short free-text documents containing 12,256 tokenized or unique words. The natural language processing showed an ROC-AUC score of 0.9638 when compared with the responses to lack of a desire to live question. Natural language processing shows encouraging results for classifying subjects according to their desire not to live as a measure of suicidal risk using patients' free texts. It is also easily applicable to clinical practice and facilitates real-time communication with patients, allowing better intervention strategies to be designed.

Retained Primitive Reflexes and Potential for Intervention in Autistic Spectrum Disorders.

We provide evidence to support the contention that many aspects of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are related to interregional brain functional disconnectivity associated with maturational delays in the development of brain networks. We think a delay in brain maturation in some networks may result in an increase in cortical maturation and development in other networks, leading to a developmental asynchrony and an unevenness of functional skills and symptoms. The paper supports the close relationship between retained primitive reflexes and cognitive and motor function in general and in ASD in particular provided to indicate that the inhibition of RPRs can effect positive change in ASD.

From Laboratory towards Industrial Operation: Biomarkers for Acidophilic Metabolic Activity in Bioleaching Systems.

In the actual mining scenario, copper bioleaching, mainly raw mined material known as run-of-mine (ROM) copper bioleaching, is the best alternative for the treatment of marginal resources that are not currently considered part of the profitable reserves because of the cost associated with leading technologies in copper extraction. It is foreseen that bioleaching will play a complementary role in either concentration-as it does in Minera Escondida Ltd. (MEL)-or chloride main leaching plants. In that way, it will be possible to maximize mines with installed solvent-extraction and electrowinning capacities that have not been operative since the depletion of their oxide ores. One of the main obstacles for widening bioleaching technology applications is the lack of knowledge about the key events and the attributes of the technology's critical events at the industrial level and mainly in ROM copper bioleaching industrial operations. It is relevant to assess the bed environment where the bacteria-mineral interaction occurs to learn about the limiting factors determining the leaching rate. Thus, due to inability to accurately determine in-situ key variables, their indirect assessment was evaluated by quantifying microbial metabolic-associated responses. Several candidate marker genes were selected to represent the predominant components of the microbial community inhabiting the industrial heap and the metabolisms involved in microbial responses to changes in the heap environment that affect the process performance. The microbial community's predominant components were Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At. thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, and Sulfobacillus sp. Oxygen reduction, CO2 and N2 fixation/uptake, iron and sulfur oxidation, and response to osmotic stress were the metabolisms selected regarding research results previously reported in the system. After that, qPCR primers for each candidate gene were designed and validated. The expression profile of the selected genes vs. environmental key variables in pure cultures, column-leaching tests, and the industrial bioleaching heap was defined. We presented the results obtained from the industrial validation of the marker genes selected for assessing CO2 and N2 availability, osmotic stress response, as well as ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation activity in the bioleaching heap process of MEL. We demonstrated that molecular markers are useful for assessing limiting factors like nutrients and air supply, and the impact of the quality of recycled solutions. We also learned about the attributes of variables like CO2, ammonium, and sulfate levels that affect the industrial ROM-scale operation.

Depression and Medical Treatment Adherence in Mexican Patients With Glaucoma.

PRECIS: The prevalence of depression in Mexican patients with glaucoma is higher than that reported in the general population. Depression prevalence and severity are directly associated with glaucoma severity and lower adherence to medical treatment. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of depression in patients with glaucoma and to describe the correlation between the severity of depression, glaucoma, and treatment adherence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 111 patients with glaucoma who answered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II and the Morisky-Green questionnaire that evaluated their depression severity and medical treatment adherence. Low treatment adherence was defined as having a score of >2 on the Morisky-Green questionnaire. Analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and linear regression models were used for statistical analyses. The main outcomes were prevalence of depression, prevalence of depression according to glaucoma damage, and the association between depression severity, medical treatment adherence, and glaucoma damage. RESULTS: The average patient age was 67.6±13.8 years. The prevalence of depression was 50.4%. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant association between glaucoma severity of the "worse eye" and the BDI raw score. In the "better eye," there was no statistically significant difference in mean BDI raw scores across glaucoma severity categories. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of depression and the level of treatment adherence after adjusting for age, sex, type of glaucoma, and the glaucoma severity in both eyes. The risk of low treatment adherence in patients with depression was 38 times that of patients with no depression. CONCLUSION: Glaucoma is associated with a prevalence of depression nearly 10 times higher than that in the general population. Glaucoma, depression severity, and lower adherence to medical treatment are associated.

Surgical Outcomes of a Second Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implant for the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma.

PRéCIS:: In this article, the authors concluded that an additional Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation after the failure of an initial AGV, even with the addition of glaucoma medications, maybe a good surgical treatment option for refractory glaucoma. PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of a second AGV implant in Hispanic patients with refractory glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent a second AGV implant were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcome measures including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and glaucoma medication use were collected from the preoperative visit and all follow-up visits up to 18 months after surgery. Failure was defined as one of the following: loss of light perception, sustained IOP >21 or <6 mm Hg, an IOP reduction of <20% from baseline, need for additional glaucoma surgery, including needling revision with subconjunctival adjuvant therapy, or valve extrusion. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients were included. In all cases, an S-2 model was implanted in the superonasal quadrant. Mean preoperative IOP was 24.3±7.9 mm Hg and was significantly reduced to 13.9±4.8 at 6 months (P<0.05), 15.4±7.2 at 12 months (P<0.05), and 12.9±2.0 at 18 months (P<0.05). Mean glaucoma medications were reduced from 2.8±1.1 preoperatively to 1.9±1.2 at 6 months (P<0.05), 2.4±1.2 at 12 months, and 2.2±1.1 at 18 months; however, the difference was no longer statistically significant after 6 months, and the success rate was 60% at the mean for survival time of 15 months (13.7 to 16.5). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate that a second AGV can achieve a significant reduction in IOP for up to 18 months postoperatively.

A new DNA-based model for finite field arithmetic.

A Galois field G F ( p n ) with p ≥ 2 a prime number and n ≥ 1 is a mathematical structure widely used in Cryptography and Error Correcting Codes Theory. In this paper, we propose a novel DNA-based model for arithmetic over G F ( p n ) . Our model has three main advantages over other previously described models. First, it has a flexible implementation in the laboratory that allows the realization arithmetic calculations in parallel for p ≥ 2 , while the tile assembly and the sticker models are limited to p = 2 . Second, the proposed model is less prone to error, because it is grounded on conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and gel electrophoresis techniques. Hence, the problems associated to models such as tile-assembly and stickers, that arise when using more complex molecular techniques, such as hybridization and denaturation, are avoided. Third, it is simple to implement and requires 50 ng/µL per DNA double fragment used to develop the calculations, since the only feature of interest is the size of the DNA double strand fragments. The efficiency of our model has execution times of order O ( 1 ) and O ( n ) , for the addition and multiplication over G F ( p n ) , respectively. Furthermore, this paper provides one of the few experimental evidences of arithmetic calculations for molecular computing and validates the technical applicability of the proposed model to perform arithmetic operations over G F ( p n ) .

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The study examined the efficacy of low-level laser therapy, a form of photobiomodulation, for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic spectrum disorder in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years. Twenty-one of the 40 participants received eight 5-min procedures administered to the base of the skull and temporal areas across a 4-week period (test, i.e., active treatment participants). All the participants were evaluated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), with the global scale and five subscales (irritability/agitation, lethargy/social withdrawal, stereotypic behavior, hyperactivity/noncompliance, and inappropriate speech), and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale including a severity-of-illness scale (CGI-S) and a global improvement/change scale (CGI-C). The evaluation took place at baseline, week 2 (interim), week 4 (endpoint), and week 8 (post-procedure) of the study. The adjusted mean difference in the baseline to study endpoint change in the ABC irritability subscale score between test and placebo participants was -15.17 in favor of the test procedure group. ANCOVA analysis found this difference to be statistically significant (F = 99.34, p < 0.0001) compared to the baseline ABC irritability subscale score. The study found that low-level laser therapy could be an effective tool for reducing irritability and other symptoms and behaviors associated with the autistic spectrum disorder in children and adolescents, with positive changes maintained and augmented over time.

Draft genome sequence of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans CLST isolated from the acidic hypersaline Gorbea salt flat in northern Chile.

10.1601/nm.2199 CLST is an extremely acidophilic gamma-proteobacteria that was isolated from the Gorbea salt flat, an acidic hypersaline environment in northern Chile. This kind of environment is considered a terrestrial analog of ancient Martian terrains and a source of new material for biotechnological applications. 10.1601/nm.2199 plays a key role in industrial bioleaching; it has the capacity of generating and maintaining acidic conditions by producing sulfuric acid and it can also remove sulfur layers from the surface of minerals, which are detrimental for their dissolution. CLST is a strain of 10.1601/nm.2199 able to tolerate moderate chloride concentrations (up to 15 g L-1 Cl-), a feature that is quite unusual in extreme acidophilic microorganisms. Basic microbiological features and genomic properties of this biotechnologically relevant strain are described in this work. The 3,974,949 bp draft genome is arranged into 40 scaffolds of 389 contigs containing 3866 protein-coding genes and 75 RNAs encoding genes. This is the first draft genome of a halotolerant 10.1601/nm.2199 strain. The release of the genome sequence of this strain improves representation of these extreme acidophilic Gram negative bacteria in public databases and strengthens the framework for further investigation of the physiological diversity and ecological function of 10.1601/nm.2199 populations.

Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico.

AIM: To determine the glaucoma specialists' preferences for the different brands of topical glaucoma medications available in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based survey was sent to 150 board-certified glaucoma specialists in Mexico, with 14 questions related to brand preferences for all glaucoma medications available in Mexico. Participants were asked to select each glaucoma medication class by brand and to state the factors leading to their choice. RESULTS: Data from 111 (74%) glaucoma specialists were collected. Imot (timolol 0.5%; Sophia, Mexico) was the preferred brand for the beta-blockers (BB) class by 71% (n = 79) of the participants. Azopt (brinzolamide 1%; Alcon Lab, US) was the preferred carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) by 54% (n = 60) of the glaucoma specialists. Lumigan (bimatoprost 0.01% and 0.03%; Allergan Inc., U.S.) was the first choice for the prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in 62% (n = 70) of the answers. The most frequently prescribed alpha-agonist (AA) was Agglad (brimonidine 0.2%; Sophia Lab, Mexico) in 44% (n = 49) of the answers. Medication accessibility (31%), cost (29%), and recommended dose (23%) were the three main factors influencing the glaucoma specialists' preferences. CONCLUSION: Medication cost and accessibility, as well as posology, remain the main factors influencing brand preferences among glaucoma doctors. In our professional opinion, the therapeutic effect must be the leading factor when prescribing topical medications in the daily practice, so that patients receive the best treatment option. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This survey provides an understanding of the decision-making process when prescribing glaucoma medications by glaucoma specialists in a Latin American developing country. Ideally, patient treatment should be individualized and aimed to achieve the best results possible for their specific condition.How to cite this article: Lazcano-Gomez G, Alvarez-Ascencio D, Haro-Zuno C, Turati-Acosta M, Garcia-Huerta M, Jimenez-Arroyo J, Castañeda-Diez R, Castillejos-Chevez A, Gonzalez-Salinas R, Dominguez-Dueñas F, Jimenez-Roman J. Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):97-100.

First draft genome sequence of a strain from the genus Fusibacter isolated from Salar de Ascotán in Northern Chile.

Fusibacter sp. 3D3 (ATCC BAA-2418) is an arsenate-reducing halotolerant strain within the Firmicutes phylum, isolated from the Salar de Ascotán, a hypersaline salt flat in Northern Chile. This high-Andean closed basin is an athalassohaline environment located at the bottom of a tectonic basin surrounded by mountain range, including some active volcanoes. This landscape can be an advantageous system to explore the effect of salinity on microorganisms that mediate biogeochemical reactions. Since 2000, microbial reduction of arsenic has been evidenced in the system, and the phylogenetic analysis of the original community plus the culture enrichments has revealed the predominance of Firmicutes phylum. Here, we describe the first whole draft genome sequence of an arsenic-reducing strain belonging to the Fusibacter genus showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98%) with Fusibacter sp. strain Vns02. The draft genome consists of 57 contigs with 5,111,250 bp and an average G + C content of 37.6%. Out of 4780 total genes predicted, 4700 genes code for proteins and 80 genes for RNAs. Insights from the genome sequence and some microbiological features of the strain 3D3 are available under Bioproject accession PRJDB4973 and Biosample SAMD00055724. The release of the genome sequence of this strain could contribute to the understanding of the arsenic biogeochemistry in extreme environments.

IMPLICACIONES DE LOS HÁBITOS TÓXICOS EN EL CÁNCER / Cancer toxic habit risks

Encabezado de página Carta Remisoria Consentimiento informado para reporte de casos Documento garantías y cesión de derechos a favor de la Academia Nacional de Medicina Formato de evaluación Revista Medicina Ver términos de licencia Open Journal Systems Ayuda de la revista USUARIO/A Nombre de usuario/a Contraseña No cerrar sesión Iniciar sesión NOTIFICACIONES Ver Suscribirse IDIOMA CONTENIDO DE LA REVISTA Buscar Buscar Examinar Por número Por autor/a Por título TAMAÑO DE FUENTE Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger INFORMACIÓN Para los lectores/as Para los autores/as Para los bibliotecarios/as HERRAMIENTAS DEL ARTÍCULO Imprimir este artículo Metadatos de indexación Cómo citar un elemento Referencias de búsqueda Política de revisión Enviar este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión) Enviar un correo electrónico al autor/a (Inicie sesión) INICIO ACERCA DE INICIAR SESIÓN REGISTRARSE BUSCAR ACTUAL ARCHIVOS AVISOS ENVIAR-ARTICULOS DIRECTIVOS ANM PAGINA WEB ANM Inicio > Vol. 39, núm. 1 (2017) > Chavarro-Carvajal IMPLICACIONES DE LOS HÁBITOS TÓXICOS EN EL CÁNCER Diego Andrés Chavarro-Carvajal, Elkin García-Cifuentes, Mauricio Acosta RESUMEN Los hábitos nocivos pueden provocar daños a corto o largo plazo. Se clasifican en: hábitos de riesgo y hábitos tóxicos. Esta revisión se enfoca en analizar los hábitos tóxicos y cómo se relacionan con la aparición de procesos neoplásicos. En la literatura, se ha descrito ampliamente la relación que existe entre diferentes agentes químicos o físicos que se asocian con la génesis de neoplasia, enfatizando en el consumo de tabaco, el alcohol (etanol) y el café. El tabaco se produce a partir de las hojas de la Nicotiana tabacum. Su principal forma de consumo es a través de la combustión y aún hoy, 53 años después de que el Comité Asesor del Director General de Sanidad publicara su informe en 1964 advirtiendo de sus efectos nocivos, persiste su aparición como la principal causa de mortalidad prevenible por cáncer. Por otra parte, el alcohol constituye la principal droga consumida en nuestra sociedad. Actualmente, se encuentran todo tipo de bebidas con diferentes concentraciones de alcohol. Se define como consumo moderado la ingesta de una bebida por día para mujeres y dos tragos por día para los hombres; mientras que se concibe como exceso el consumo mayor a tres bebidas cualquier día o siete bebidas por semana en mujeres y más de cuatro bebidas al día o catorce bebidas a la semana en hombres. Adicionalmente, la cafeína se encuentra principalmente en el café, es una sustancia ampliamente consumida y culturalmente aceptada. Los estudios sobre el papel que desempeñan sus componentes han sido controversiales y se plantean diversos retos en su investigación.

Noxious habits can be harmful in the short and long term. They are classified into risk habits and toxic habits. We focus this review paper on toxic habits and its relation to the onset of neoplastic processes. The relationship between chemical and physical agents and the genesis of neoplasia has been widely described through literature, making emphasis on tobacco, alcohol (ethanol) and coffee. Tobacco is made out of the leaves of the Nicotiana tabacum. It is mainly consumed by the inhalation of its base after combustion, and even now a days 53 years after the Advisory Committee Director General of Health, published its 1964 report, where they warned the community about the tobacco harmful effects, it still remains the main cause of preventable cancer mortality. In addition, alcohol (ethanol) is the most consumed drug in our society; currently all kind of beverages with different concentration of alcohol levels are available. Moderate consumption is defined as no more than one drink per day for females, and two drinks for males, whereas excessive consumption is defined as more than three drinks in one day or more than 7 per week for females, and more than four in one day or more than 14 drinks for males. Furthermore, caffeine is mainly found in coffee, it is a widely consumed and culturally accepted substance. The investigations concerning the role of its components have been controversial, dealing with a variety of challenges during the research.

Cost of glaucoma treatment in a developing country over a 5-year period.

The aim of the study was to disclose a realistic estimate of primary open-angle glaucoma treatment, follow-up costs, and patients' monthly glaucoma-economic burden in an ophthalmology hospital in Mexico City.Prospective survey of 462 primary open-angle glaucoma patients from 2007 to 2012 was carried out. Costs from visits, glaucoma follow-up studies, laser, and glaucoma surgical procedures were obtained from hospital pricings. Education, employment, and monthly income were interrogated. Total cost was divided into hypotensive treatment cost, nonpharmacologic treatment cost (laser and surgeries), and follow-up studies and consults. Average wholesale price for drugs analyzed was obtained from IMS Health data; monthly cost was calculated using: Monthly cost  = ([average wholesale price/number of drops per eye dropper] × number of daily applications) × 30 days.Patients were classified according to their glaucoma severity, and data were analyzed based on monthly income (average annual exchange rate: 12.85 Mexican pesos = 1 USD).The mean age was 70 ±â€Š10 years, women = 81%, elementary school = 39%, and unemployed = 53%. Low-income group = 266 patients (57%), 146 with mild glaucoma; moderate-income group = 176 patients (38%), 81 with mild glaucoma; high-income group = 20 patients (4.3%), 10 with mild glaucoma. Patients' monthly average economic burden in glaucoma treatment: low-income patients = 61.5%, moderate-income patients = 19.5%, and high-income patients = 7.9%.Glaucoma-economic burden is substantial not only for health systems, but for the family and the patient. Therefore, screening plans for earlier diagnosis, and health policies that lessen the cost of disease management and increase adherence to treatment, and reduce the prevalence of blindness attributed to glaucoma are essential. These would improve quality of life, reduce personal and national expenditure, and help increase national economy.

Draft genome sequence of chloride-tolerant Leptospirillum ferriphilum Sp-Cl from industrial bioleaching operations in northern Chile.

Leptospirillum ferriphilum Sp-Cl is a Gram negative, thermotolerant, curved, rod-shaped bacterium, isolated from an industrial bioleaching operation in northern Chile, where chalcocite is the major copper mineral and copper hydroxychloride atacamite is present in variable proportions in the ore. This strain has unique features as compared to the other members of the species, namely resistance to elevated concentrations of chloride, sulfate and metals. Basic microbiological features and genomic properties of this biotechnologically relevant strain are described in this work. The 2,475,669 bp draft genome is arranged into 74 scaffolds of 74 contigs. A total of 48 RNA genes and 2,834 protein coding genes were predicted from its annotation; 55 % of these were assigned a putative function. Release of the genome sequence of this strain will provide further understanding of the mechanisms used by acidophilic bacteria to endure high osmotic stress and high chloride levels and of the role of chloride-tolerant iron-oxidizers in industrial bioleaching operations.

Ergotismo en un paciente con terapia antirretroviral con inhibidores de proteasa (ritonavir) / Ergotism in a patient with antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors (ritonavir)

Ergotismo es el término usado para definir el efecto adverso producido por la administración de medicamentos derivados del Ergot. En general, es resultado de sobredosis o interacciones medicamentosas en su metabolismo, el cual se lleva a cabo por isoenzimas hepáticas del grupo del citocromo P450 y CYPA4. Entre estos efectos, el principal es el α-adrenérgico, que se caracteriza por un grave vasoespasmo, generalizado, con predominio en las extremidades inferiores, que puede llevar incluso a la isquemia de la extremidad y obligar a su amputación. En este artículo se presenta un caso de ergotismo de un hombre de 33 años de edad con antecedente de VIH, en manejo con ritonavir, quien consultó a un centro hospitalario por cefalea y fue manejado con ergotamina. El caso fue confirmado por medio de un examen Doppler arterial de las extremidades inferiores y requirió manejo endovascular. Finalmente, se amputó parte del área afectada.

Síndrome de Osler-Weber- Rendu: presentación de caso / Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome: case report

El síndrome de Osler-Weber-Rendu es un trastorno fibrovascular displásico con manifestaciones en múltiples órganos, cuyo descenlace puede ser fatal si el diagnóstico no se realiza de forma oportuna y no se toman las medidas terapéuticas indicadas. En este artículo se reporta el caso de un paciente de 47 años de edad con diagnóstico conocido del síndrome, quien ha presentado abscesos cerebrales de manera repetida y en quien se identificó una malformación arteriovenosa pulmonar compleja. Se le realizó una embolización percutánea que logró ocluirla completamente. Se describen hallazgos clínicos y de imagen de la enfermedad y se presenta una corta revisión sobre esta entidad.

Embolización de arterias uterinas para el manejo de hemorragia en placenta pércreta: presentación de caso / Case report: uterine artery embolization for the management of placenta percreta bleeding

Las anomalías de la adhesión placentaria son patologías poco comunes, pero de gran importancia clínica, debido a su alta morbimortalidad. El diagnóstico oportuno con ayuda de los distintos métodos imagínológicos reduce drásticamente estas consecuencias, ya que conlleva un manejo interdisciplinario de la gestante. La placenta pércreta es la expresión utilizada para describir la invasión de trofoblasto a través de las distintas capas del útero hasta transpasar la serosa. La embolización de las arterias uterinas o hipogástricas es el método de elección para disminuir la hemorragia periparto y facilitar el procedimiento quirúrgico.

Síndrome del opérculo torácico: reporte de caso / Thoracic outlet syndrome: case report

Se reporta un caso de síndrome del opérculo torácico vascular en un hombre joven, diagnosticado por arteriografía del miembro superior. Este síndrome ocasiona embolias arterioarteriales repetidas, originadas en un aneurisma postestenótico de la arteria subclavia. Es de interés debido a su baja incidencia y al poco número de casos diagnosticados por arteriografía que se encuentran reportados. El opérculo torácico es el camino a través del cual pasan las estructuras vasculonerviosas del cuello a la axila; tiene tres estrecheces anatómicas que, al ser pronunciadas, pueden ocasionar compresión del plexo braquial o del paquete vascular subclavio, lo cual lleva a diversos síntomas y signos.

We report a case of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome in a young man, diagnosed with upper limb arteriography, leading to repeated arterio-arterial emboli originating from a post-stenotic subclavian artery aneurism. It is of our interest due to its low incidence and the small number ofcases reported that have been diagnosed by arteriography. The thoracic outlet is the path throughwhich vascular and neural structures goes from the neck to the axilla, and it has three anatomical strictures, that when pronounced, can compress the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels, leading to different symptoms and signs.

Human papilloma virus and esophageal carcinoma in a Latin-American region.

AIM: To investigate the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a non-selected Mexican population. METHODS: Cases with a pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were obtained from Department of Pathology files, at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City during the period between 2000 and 2008. Slides from each case were reviewed and cases with sufficient neoplastic tissue were selected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect HPV DNA sequences. Demographic and clinical data of each patient were retrieved from corresponding clinical records. RESULTS: HPV was detected in 15 (25%) of ESCCs. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed genotype, followed by HPV-18; HPV-59 was also detected in one case. Unfortunately, HPV genotype could not be established in three cases due to lack of material for direct sequencing, although universal primers detected the presence of HPV generic sequences. No low-risk HPV genotypes were found nor was HPV-16/18 co-infection. HPV presence in ESCC was not significantly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, anatomic location, or histologic grade. All patients belonged to low and very low socioeconomic strata, and were diagnosed at advanced disease stage. Male patients were most commonly affected and the male:female ratio in HPV-positive ESCC increased two-fold in comparison with HPV-negative cases (6.5:1 vs 3.1:1). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of high-risk HPV in ESCC in Mexico does not support the hypothesis that HPV-associated ESCC is more common in areas with higher ESCC incidence rates.