Spanish-language cognitive screening tests: a critical review.

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is a chronic, degenerative disease with a strong impact on families and health systems. The instruments currently in use for measuring cognitive impairment have different psychometric characteristics in terms of application time, cut-off point, reliability, and validity. The objective of this review is to describe the characteristics of the validated, Spanish-language versions of the Mini-Cog, Clock-Drawing Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination scales for cognitive impairment screening. DEVELOPMENT: We performed a three-stage literature search of articles published on Medline since 1953. We selected articles on validated, Spanish-language versions of the scales that included data on reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 screening tools assessed in this article provide support for primary care professionals. Timely identification of mild cognitive impairment and dementia is crucial for the prognosis of these patients.

Escalas de tamizaje cognitivo en habla hispana: una revisión crítica / Spanish-language screening scales: A critical review

Introducción: La demencia es una enfermedad crónica degenerativa de alto impacto para las familias y los sistemas de salud. Los instrumentos de medición del deterioro cognitivo que se utilizan actualmente tienen características psicométricas diferentes en cuanto a tiempo de aplicación, punto de corte, confiabilidad y validez. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir las características de las escalas Mini Cog, Prueba del reloj y Mini- Mental para tamizaje de deterioro cognitivo validadas al idioma español. Desarrollo: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en 3 etapas mediante la base de datos Medline a partir del año 1953. Se realizó una selección de publicaciones validadas al español que incluyeran la confiabilidad, validez, sensibilidad y especificidad de las escalas. Conclusiones: Las 3 herramientas de tamizaje descritas en este artículo proporcionan un apoyo para el personal de salud. La detección oportuna es crucial para el pronóstico de las personas que viven con deterioro cognitivo leve o demencia. (AU)

Introduction: Dementia is a chronic, degenerative disease with a strong impact on families and health systems. The instruments currently in use for measuring cognitive impairment have different psychometric characteristics in terms of application time, cut-off point, reliability, and validity. The objective of this review is to describe the characteristics of the validated, Spanish-language versions of the Mini-Cog, Clock-Drawing Test, and Mini–Mental State Examination scales for cognitive impairment screening. Development: We performed a three-stage literature search of articles published on Medline since 1953. We selected articles on validated, Spanish-language versions of the scales that included data on reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity. Conclusions: The 3 screening tools assessed in this article provide support for primary care professionals. Timely identification of mild cognitive impairment and dementia is crucial for the prognosis of these patients. (AU)

Spanish-language screening scales: A critical review. / Escalas de tamizaje cognitivo en habla hispana: una revisión crítica.

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is a chronic, degenerative disease with a strong impact on families and health systems. The instruments currently in use for measuring cognitive impairment have different psychometric characteristics in terms of application time, cut-off point, reliability, and validity. The objective of this review is to describe the characteristics of the validated, Spanish-language versions of the Mini-Cog, Clock-Drawing Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination scales for cognitive impairment screening. DEVELOPMENT: We performed a three-stage literature search of articles published on Medline since 1953. We selected articles on validated, Spanish-language versions of the scales that included data on reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 screening tools assessed in this article provide support for primary care professionals. Timely identification of mild cognitive impairment and dementia is crucial for the prognosis of these patients.

[Comparison of neuromyelitis optica spectra according to AQP4 antibody serostatus in a Mexican referral centre]. / Comparacion de los espectros de neuromielitis optica segun el seroestado del anticuerpo AQP4 en un centro de referencia mexicano.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies report that patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or seropositive NMO spectra disorders display clinical characteristics that are different from those of patients who are seropositive for the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody. AIM: To analyse the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with NMO according to their serum AQP4 status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 100 patients with NMO who fulfilled the Wingerchuk criteria: 70 were positive for the AQP4 antibody and 30 were seronegative. RESULTS: 70% of the subjects met the criteria for NMO, and 30% met criteria for NMO spectra disorders. The seropositive patients presented greater disability in the scores on the American Spinal Injury Association scale (ASIA) and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (p = 0.034 and 0.004, respectively) compared to seronegatives during the follow-up; in this same group there was greater visual involvement (p = 0.02), a higher number of relapses (p = 0.008) and a greater number of spinal segments involved (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: This study provides an overview of the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with NMO according to the AQP4 antibody serostatus. Patients who are seropositive for the AQP4 antibody present greater clinical and imaging involvement.

TITLE: Comparacion de los espectros de neuromielitis optica segun el seroestado del anticuerpo AQP4 en un centro de referencia mexicano.Introduccion. Estudios recientes describen que los pacientes con neuromielitis optica (NMO) o trastornos del espectro de NMO seronegativos exhiben caracteristicas clinicas diferentes a los pacientes seropositivos al anticuerpo acuaporina-4 (AQP4). Objetivo. Analizar las caracteristicas clinicas y paraclinicas de pacientes con NMO segun el estado serico del anticuerpo AQP4. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 100 pacientes con NMO que cumplian los criterios de Wingerchuk: 70 presentaron positividad al anticuerpo AQP4 y 30 fueron seronegativos. Resultados. Un 70% de los sujetos cumplio los criterios para la NMO, y un 30%, para los trastornos del espectro de NMO. Los pacientes seropositivos presentaron mayor discapacidad en las puntuaciones de la escala de la Asociacion Americana de Lesion de la Medula Espinal (ASIA) y la escala ampliada del estado de discapacidad (p = 0,034 y 0,004, respectivamente) comparados con los seronegativos durante el seguimiento; en este mismo grupo hubo mayor afectacion visual (p = 0,02), mayor numero de recaidas (p = 0,008) y mayor numero de segmentos medulares afectados (p = 0,003). Conclusion. Este estudio proporciona una vision general de las caracteristicas clinicas y paraclinicas de los pacientes con NMO segun el seroestado del anticuerpo AQP4. Los pacientes seropositivos al anticuerpo AQP4 presentan mayor afectacion clinica e imaginologica.