RESUMO
Corneal endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of corneal edema and visual impairment, requiring corneal endothelial transplantation. The treatments are limited, however, by both logistics and a global donor shortage. As a result, corneal researchers are striving to develop tissue-engineered constructs as an alternative. Recently, the clinical results of the first patients treated using a novel corneal endothelial cell therapy were reported, and it is likely many more will follow shortly. As we move from lab to clinic, it is crucial that we establish accurate and robust methods of proving the cellular identity of these products, both in genotype and phenotype. In this review, we summarized all of the markers and techniques that have been reported during the development of corneal endothelial cell therapies over the past decade. The results show the most frequently used markers were very general, namely Na+/K+ ATPase and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). While these markers are expressed in nearly every epithelial cell, it is the hexagonal morphology that points to cells being corneal endothelium in nature. Only 11% of articles aimed at discovering novel markers, while 30% were already developing cell therapies. Finally, we discuss the potential of functional testing of cell products to demonstrate potency in parallel with identity markers. With this review, we would like to highlight that, while this is an exciting era in corneal endothelial cell therapies, there is still no accepted consensus on a unique endothelial marker panel. We must ask the question of whether or not we are getting ahead of ourselves and whether we need to refocus on basic science rather than enter clinics prematurely.
RESUMO
As doenças transmitidas por alimentos-DTA são consideradas um dos mais sérios problemas de saúde pública, sendo os sucos de frutas grandes veículos de contaminação microbiana. As principais causas de DTA podem ser através da superfície externa do fruto, a higienização inadequada de equipamentos e principalmente, a água de preparo, podendo ser portadora de diversos micro-organismos. Este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar as características microbiológicas de sucos de laranja in natura, comercializados em um campus universitário de Cuiabá ? MT, em 2014. As amostras de suco de laranja in natura foram adquiridas de três estabelecimentos comerciais, situados no campus, sendo 5 amostras de cada estabelecimento, totalizando 15 amostras analisadas. As amostras de cada estabelecimento foram coletadas em dias distintos, tendo como exigência o suco ser sem açúcar. Para coliformes totais, a maioria das amostras, 11 (73,33%) apresentaram contagem ?2400 NMP/mL, 3 (20%) tiveram contagens de 240 NMP/mL e em 1 amostra (6,66%) contagem <3 NMP/mL. As amostras analisadas para coliformes termotolerantes não apresentaram diferença em seus resultados, e todas estavam abaixo do preconizado. Em nenhuma das amostras de suco foi verificada a presença de Salmonella spp, estando em conformidade com a RDC 12 de janeiro de 2001. A pesquisa mostrou que as amostras analisadas não representam riscos significantes à saúde do consumidor, mas há a necessidade de um sistema de vigilância sanitária mais eficiente.
Foodborne illness is considered one of the most serious public health problems, and fruit juices can be vehicles of microbial contamination. The main causes may be through the outer surface of the fruit, inadequate cleaning of equipment, and especially the water used in the formulations, which can be the carrier of various microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological characteristics of orange juice in natura, marketed on a college campus in Cuiabá, MT. In 2014, samples of orange juice were purchased from three commercial establishments situated at the campus, being 5 samples of each establishment, totaling 15 samples. Samples of each facility were collected on different days, with the requirement to be sugar-free juice. For total coliforms, the majority of samples, 11 (73.33%) had a counts ? 2400 NMP / mL, 3 samples (20%) counted 240 NMP / mL and 1 sample (6.66%) presented counts <3 MPN/mL. No significant differences were observed in fecal coliforms counts with all results below the accepted value, and the presence of Salmonella spp was not found in none of the juice samples, which complies with the Brazilian Legislation. This study has shown that the samples do not pose significant risks to consumer health, but there is a need for a more efficient health monitoring system.
