Aplicabilidade do exame ultrassonográfico na predição do momento do parto em cadelas: revisão de literatura / Applicability of ultrasound examination in prediction of delivery time in bitches: review

O transcorrer do parto é de grande importância para a preservação da vida materna e dos filhotes em cadelas, destacando-se a distocia como principal causa de mortalidade neonatal. De forma a identificar precocemente indícios de distocia e reduzir complicações, recomenda-se o acompanhamento gestacional e a previsão da data do parto mediante técnicas ultrassonográficas. A avaliação e mensuração das estruturas fetais podem ser realizadas a fim de determinar o estágio e idade gestacional, deduzindo a provável data de parto. A frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) é fundamental para o acompanhamento da viabilidade fetal e também auxilia na predição do momento do parto quando oscilações na FCF estão presentes. O modo Doppler é relevante na avaliação gestacional, uma vez que permite conhecer as características do fluxo arterial umbilical e avaliar suas alterações durante a gestação, aumentando a precisão de estimativa da data de parto mediante a avaliação do índice de resistividade umbilical. Por isso, o presente trabalho busca revisar e explorar as metodologias ultrassonográficas de análise gestacional, demonstrando que o exame ultrassonográfico pode ser utilizado como ferramenta na determinação precoce e precisa do momento do parto e, dessa forma, possibilita um planejamento mais acurado com o objetivo de aumentar o índice de sucesso nos partos, bem como intervir caso haja necessidade.

The course of delivery holds great importance on the preservation of maternal and offspring life in female dogs, being dystocia the main cause of neonatal mortality. In order to identify early indicators of dystocia and reduce complications in the partum, gestational follow-up and the prediction of a more precise delivery date are recommended. The evaluation and measurement of fetal structures can be performed to determine the stage and gestational age, and estimate the delivery date. Fetal heart rate (FHR) is fundamental for monitoring fetal viability in dogs, assisting in prediction of the delivery time when oscillations in the FHR are presents. Doppler mode is a relevant tool for the gestational assessment, once it measures the umbilical arterial flow and its alterations during the gestational period, also increasing the accuracy of the birth date by estimating the umbilical resistivity index. Therefore, this article seeks to review and explore ultrasound methods for gestational evaluation, demonstrating that ultrasound examination can be used as a tool for early and precise determination of delivery time and, consequently, allowing planning and prepare to a higher rate of success in deliveries, as well as intervention and assistance when necessary.

Aplicabilidade do exame ultrassonográfico na predição do momento do parto em cadelas: revisão de literatura / Applicability of ultrasound examination in prediction of delivery time in bitches: review

O transcorrer do parto é de grande importância para a preservação da vida materna e dos filhotes em cadelas, destacando-se a distocia como principal causa de mortalidade neonatal. De forma a identificar precocemente indícios de distocia e reduzir complicações, recomenda-se o acompanhamento gestacional e a previsão da data do parto mediante técnicas ultrassonográficas. A avaliação e mensuração das estruturas fetais podem ser realizadas a fim de determinar o estágio e idade gestacional, deduzindo a provável data de parto. A frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) é fundamental para o acompanhamento da viabilidade fetal e também auxilia na predição do momento do parto quando oscilações na FCF estão presentes. O modo Doppler é relevante na avaliação gestacional, uma vez que permite conhecer as características do fluxo arterial umbilical e avaliar suas alterações durante a gestação, aumentando a precisão de estimativa da data de parto mediante a avaliação do índice de resistividade umbilical. Por isso, o presente trabalho busca revisar e explorar as metodologias ultrassonográficas de análise gestacional, demonstrando que o exame ultrassonográfico pode ser utilizado como ferramenta na determinação precoce e precisa do momento do parto e, dessa forma, possibilita um planejamento mais acurado com o objetivo de aumentar o índice de sucesso nos partos, bem como intervir caso haja necessidade.(AU)

The course of delivery holds great importance on the preservation of maternal and offspring life in female dogs, being dystocia the main cause of neonatal mortality. In order to identify early indicators of dystocia and reduce complications in the partum, gestational follow-up and the prediction of a more precise delivery date are recommended. The evaluation and measurement of fetal structures can be performed to determine the stage and gestational age, and estimate the delivery date. Fetal heart rate (FHR) is fundamental for monitoring fetal viability in dogs, assisting in prediction of the delivery time when oscillations in the FHR are presents. Doppler mode is a relevant tool for the gestational assessment, once it measures the umbilical arterial flow and its alterations during the gestational period, also increasing the accuracy of the birth date by estimating the umbilical resistivity index. Therefore, this article seeks to review and explore ultrasound methods for gestational evaluation, demonstrating that ultrasound examination can be used as a tool for early and precise determination of delivery time and, consequently, allowing planning and prepare to a higher rate of success in deliveries, as well as intervention and assistance when necessary.(AU)

Correção de complicação do uso de sonda nasoesofágica em gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus guttulus) / Correction of a complication of the use of a nasoesophageal feeding tube in a Southern Tiger Cat (Leopardus guttulus)

Background: The southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus) is a vulnerable wild felid whose occurrence is restricted to theAtlantic Forest biome of Brazilian South and Southwest regions. Various strategies must be used to improve the conservation of species of felids, including preservation of forests and greater therapeutic support for animals in poor healthcondition. Enteral nutrition through a nasoesophageal tube is an option for patients in poor or critical condition; however,this procedure carries the risk of accidental ingestion of the tube. The objective of this work is to describe a conservativeapproach for the management of ingestion of a linear foreign body in a Leopardus guttulus patient.Case: A young female southern tiger cat was taken for veterinary treatment. The patient had an estimated age of nine weeks,0.846 kg of body weight, and exhibited cachexia, hypothermia, severe dehydration, and apathy. During the examination,blood samples were taken, and initial treatment commenced with fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, and anti-inflammatorytherapy along with administration of analgesics and a gastric protector. Since the patient did not want to eat, it received anasoesophageal feeding tube under mild sedation. The patient was positioned in sternal recumbency, its head was tiltedup, and a no. 6 nasoesophageal tube was ventromedially inserted through the right nostril. The tube was later confirmedto be correctly positioned at the ninth intercostal space by a radiographic study. The feeding tube allowed administrationof drugs and microenteral nutrition with a hypercaloric diet; this minimized handling of the patient, which preserved itswild behavior. After the seventh day of treatment, a piece of the tube was found lying at the bottom of the cage. Sinceingestion of the remainder of the tube by the patient was suspected, it was taken to the diagnostic imaging division. At theultrasonographic exam, the stomach exhibited hypermotility and...(AU)

Correção de complicação do uso de sonda nasoesofágica em gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus guttulus) / Correction of a complication of the use of a nasoesophageal feeding tube in a Southern Tiger Cat (Leopardus guttulus)

Background: The southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus) is a vulnerable wild felid whose occurrence is restricted to theAtlantic Forest biome of Brazilian South and Southwest regions. Various strategies must be used to improve the conservation of species of felids, including preservation of forests and greater therapeutic support for animals in poor healthcondition. Enteral nutrition through a nasoesophageal tube is an option for patients in poor or critical condition; however,this procedure carries the risk of accidental ingestion of the tube. The objective of this work is to describe a conservativeapproach for the management of ingestion of a linear foreign body in a Leopardus guttulus patient.Case: A young female southern tiger cat was taken for veterinary treatment. The patient had an estimated age of nine weeks,0.846 kg of body weight, and exhibited cachexia, hypothermia, severe dehydration, and apathy. During the examination,blood samples were taken, and initial treatment commenced with fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, and anti-inflammatorytherapy along with administration of analgesics and a gastric protector. Since the patient did not want to eat, it received anasoesophageal feeding tube under mild sedation. The patient was positioned in sternal recumbency, its head was tiltedup, and a no. 6 nasoesophageal tube was ventromedially inserted through the right nostril. The tube was later confirmedto be correctly positioned at the ninth intercostal space by a radiographic study. The feeding tube allowed administrationof drugs and microenteral nutrition with a hypercaloric diet; this minimized handling of the patient, which preserved itswild behavior. After the seventh day of treatment, a piece of the tube was found lying at the bottom of the cage. Sinceingestion of the remainder of the tube by the patient was suspected, it was taken to the diagnostic imaging division. At theultrasonographic exam, the stomach exhibited hypermotility and...