RESUMO
Perineural tumor spread (PNS) is a well-recognized entity in head and neck cancers and represents a mode of metastasis along nerves. The trigeminal and facial nerves are most affected by PNS, and their connections are reviewed. MRI is the most sensitive modality for detecting PNS, and their anatomy and interconnections are reviewed. MRI is the most sensitive modality for detecting PNS, and imaging features of PNS and important imaging checkpoints are reviewed. Optimal imaging protocol and techniques are summarized as well as other entities that can mimic PNS.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Humanos , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Base do Crânio/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of cardiac ischemia and a leading cause of death globally. There are multiple imaging modalities which can assess cardiac ischemia, in particular coronary CT calcium score, coronary CT angiography, and cardiac MRI. Each of these modalities offers insight into the overall patient picture. However, coronary CT and cardiac MRI are not free from limitations. This article will review the roles of CT and MRI in cardiac imaging, mimics, technical limitations, and potential pitfalls that may be encountered.
