Bell's Palsy, an Adverse Event Following COVID Vaccines.

Introduction: Bell's palsy is one of the most concerning complications of the COVID vaccine that has impacted vaccine acceptance among the general population. These vaccines were introduced to provide immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and have been found to be quite effective. Little did we know that Bell's palsy could be one of its serious complications. Materials and Methods: We used various search engines to gather data in the form of a case series and case reports related to patients who were affected by the vaccine and had developed Bell's palsy. Results: A total of eleven case reports and 4 case series were included in the analysis. The vaccines mentioned in the case reports were Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, AstraZeneca, and Janssen, while the case series included Pfizer and Sinovac. The majority of patients were female and aged between 31-40 years. Right-sided laterality was observed in 45.45% of patients, left-sided laterality in 45.45% of patients, and bilateral laterality in 9.1% of patients. Three patients had a history of Bell's palsy or stroke. After treatment, three patients showed partial improvement, six patients fully recovered, and the status of two patients was unknown. Conclusions: Bell's palsy is a rare complication that can occur after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This review aims to increase awareness about this rare adverse event of the vaccine so that it can be properly addressed and managed. Additionally, it will serve as a foundation for future research on the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Neonatal Hearing Screening Programme And Challenges Faced By The Developing Country: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience.

OBJECTIVE: To screen new-borns to diagnose any hearing impairment early. METHODS: The prospective, cross-sectionalstudy was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from November 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021, and new- borns of either gender aged >12h born via spontaneous vaginal delivery, induced labour, and Caesarean section. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect detailed case history, including gestational age, duration of labour, and other prenatal, natal, and postnatal risk factors. Otoacoustic emission test was performed, and infants referred twice were scheduled for complete diagnostic evaluation and brainstem evoked response audiometry. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 267 neonates, 249(93.3%) passed the first screening. Of the remaining 18(6.7%) neonates, 8(44.4%) passed the second screening, while 10(55.5%) were asked to come for a follow-up after three weeks. Of them, 3(30%) returned for check-up, while 7(70%) did not show up. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal risk factors associated with hearing loss need to be identified, and a comprehensive hearing screening programme is required for neonates.

Long term outcome of chondromesenchymal hamartoma of sinonasal cavity: a rare entity.

Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma in the sinonasal cavity is an unusual entity mostly found in young infants and children. We present the case of a nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma in a young female. NCMH has a favourable outcome that shows neither recurrence nor any malignant behaviour.

Thyroid gland neoplasms; histopathological pitfalls as a consequence of FNAC: A tertiary care hospital experience.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the useful procedures for the investigation of thyroid swellings. FNAC is a minimally invasive procedure, is cost effective, and a gold standard for diagnosing thyroid lesions. Haemorrhage, thrombosis, and infarction are known common complications of FNAC. Post FNAC infarction in thyroid gland has been known as a rare phenomenon. Here, we report the case of a young female who underwent FNAC that showed Hurthle cell neoplasm (Bethesda 3). Four weeks later, she underwent right thyroid lobectomy and the final histology showed extensive necrosis and haemorrhage which is a diagnostic dilemma and hampered our diagnosis.

Bilateral simultaneous primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A rare presentation.

Introduction: and Importance: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSSC) is one of the most common malignancies of the oral cavity and is one of the ten most prevalent tumours in the world. Control of this tumor is difficult and challenging as its propensity to spread is embedded in the cancer field of epithelial cells which alter these cells and induce a malignant potential within them. Simultaneous bilateral primary tumours are a rare presentation in the oral cavity which highlights the significance of early diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation: Here we present a case of 50-year-old gentleman known case of diabetes, hypertension and chronic history of beetle nut chewing who developed a simultaneously growing bilateral primary OSSC in the buccal mucosa. CT scan revealed a heterogeneous enhancing thickening in the bilateral buccogingival mucosa. A wide local excision of bilateral buccal mucosa with bilateral marginal mandibulectomy with neck dissection was planned. Clinical discussion: The majority of the case report emphasises the relevance of simultaneously developing bilateral primary oral cavity tumours in a patient who had a history of consuming beetle nuts. The independent incidence of bilateral primary OSSC in individuals without a history of tobacco, beetle nut, or alcohol use has also been documented in a small body of research. Due to the considerable clinical variety in its presentation, it is necessary to include bilateral primary OSSC when making a differential diagnosis of OSSC. Conclusion: Multiple bilateral primary tumours of the oral cavity are typically on the rise. The prognosis and survival of these individuals are considerably improved by close surveillance and early, expectant management of these cancers. This case study emphasises the value of thorough screening techniques used at an early stage to find these lesions and treat them appropriately.