RESUMO
Digital tomosynthesis is a radiographic technique that generates a number of coronal raw images of a patient from a single pass of the x-ray tube. Tomosynthesis provides some of the tomographic benefits of computed tomography (CT), but at a much lower dose of radiation and cost when compared to CT. This review illustrates the range of practical applications of digital tomosynthesis of the chest.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doses de Radiação , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Traumatic injuries to the scrotum are uncommon but, when they do occur, frequently lead to serious complications. Early complications include testicular infarction, necrosis and abscess formation; in the longer-term trauma may result in testicular atrophy and subfertility. Early surgical intervention in patients with testicular rupture can significantly improve the clinical outcome and reduce the need for delayed orchidectomy. However, clinical examination of the scrotum following trauma is difficult and frequently inaccurate; this may result in incorrect triage of patients for surgical exploration. Scrotal ultrasound can reliably assess scrotal injuries and diagnose testicular rupture with a high level of accuracy. Additionally, ultrasound can provide important information regarding testicular perfusion, which can further inform decisions on surgical management. This article reviews the sonographic findings that may be encountered in patients with scrotal trauma, with an emphasis on blunt trauma. It describes the pivotal role that ultrasound can play in the accurate triage of these patients to surgical or conservative management.
