RESUMO
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder. Worldwide, its prevalence is ~2% and its etiology is mostly unknown. Identifying biological factors contributing to OCD will elucidate underlying mechanisms and might contribute to improved treatment outcomes. Genomic studies of OCD are beginning to reveal long-sought risk loci, but >95% of the cases currently in analysis are of homogenous European ancestry. If not addressed, this Eurocentric bias will result in OCD genomic findings being more accurate for individuals of European ancestry than other ancestries, thereby contributing to health disparities in potential future applications of genomics. In this study protocol paper, we describe the Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO, https://www.latinostudy.org). LATINO is a new network of investigators from across Latin America, the United States, and Canada who have begun to collect DNA and clinical data from 5000 richly phenotyped OCD cases of Latin American ancestry in a culturally sensitive and ethical manner. In this project, we will utilize trans-ancestry genomic analyses to accelerate the identification of OCD risk loci, fine-map putative causal variants, and improve the performance of polygenic risk scores in diverse populations. We will also capitalize on rich clinical data to examine the genetics of treatment response, biologically plausible OCD subtypes, and symptom dimensions. Additionally, LATINO will help elucidate the diversity of the clinical presentations of OCD across cultures through various trainings developed and offered in collaboration with Latin American investigators. We believe this study will advance the important goal of global mental health discovery and equity.
RESUMO
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder. Worldwide, its prevalence is ~2% and its etiology is mostly unknown. Identifying biological factors contributing to OCD will elucidate underlying mechanisms and might contribute to improved treatment outcomes. Genomic studies of OCD are beginning to reveal long-sought risk loci, but >95% of the cases currently in analysis are of homogenous European ancestry. If not addressed, this Eurocentric bias will result in OCD genomic findings being more accurate for individuals of European ancestry than other ancestries, thereby contributing to health disparities in potential future applications of genomics. In this study protocol paper, we describe the Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO, www.latinostudy.org). LATINO is a new network of investigators from across Latin America, the United States, and Canada who have begun to collect DNA and clinical data from 5,000 richly-phenotyped OCD cases of Latin American ancestry in a culturally sensitive and ethical manner. In this project, we will utilize trans-ancestry genomic analyses to accelerate the identification of OCD risk loci, fine-map putative causal variants, and improve the performance of polygenic risk scores in diverse populations. We will also capitalize on rich clinical data to examine the genetics of treatment response, biologically plausible OCD subtypes, and symptom dimensions. Additionally, LATINO will help elucidate the diversity of the clinical presentations of OCD across cultures through various trainings developed and offered in collaboration with Latin American investigators. We believe this study will advance the important goal of global mental health discovery and equity.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: en diciembre del 2019, se reporta en el mundo un caso de neumonía causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). En Paraguay, actualmente se registraron más de 428.000 casos confirmados y más de 13.500 muertes. En ese contexto, la enseñanza ha tenido que convocarse al entorno virtual generando, en todos los niveles, modificaciones reactivas conductuales nacidas desde diversas causas: la dificultad al acceso a elementos informáticos, necesidad en diversos grados de reaprendizaje en un entorno no habitual y sobre todo la incertidumbre. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés durante la pandemia covid-19 en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: para este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal se incluyeron estudiantes de grado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, matriculados al periodo académico 2021. Se utilizó la escala de Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) short form. Cada uno de los tres ejes (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) contiene 7 ítems, divididas en subescalas de contenido similar. Las puntuaciones fueron categorizadas en cinco grupos ordenados (normal, leve, moderada, severa y muy severa). Resultados: los estudiantes de Odontología presentaron cuadros de depresión y ansiedad, con síntomas de ansiedad moderada en un 42,58%; 1,29% presentó depresión severa. Conclusión: la mayoría de los estudiantes de Odontología presentaron cuadros de depresión y ansiedad con síntomas muy comunes, como la imposibilidad de relajarse, falta de iniciativa, irritabilidad y nervios.
Abstract Introduction: in December 2019, a case of pneumonia caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in the world. Currently, Paraguay has registered more than 428,000 confirmed cases and more than 13,500 deaths. In this context, teaching has had to be transferred to the virtual environment, generating reactive behavioral modifications at all levels arising from various causes: difficulty in accessing computer elements, the need in varying degrees of relearning in an unusual environment and, above all, uncertainty. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of depression, anxiety and stress during the covid-19 pandemic in dental students. Methods: for this cross-sectional descriptive observational study, undergraduate students from the School of Dentistry of the National University of Asunción, enrolled in the academic period 2021, were included. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) short form scale was used. Each of the three axes (depression, anxiety, and stress) contains 7 items, divided into subscales of similar content. The scores were categorized into five ordered groups (normal, mild, moderate, severe, and very severe). Results: dentistry students presented symptoms of depression and anxiety with symptoms of moderate anxiety in 42.58%; 1.29% presented severe depression . Conclusion: most of the dental students presented depression and anxiety with very common symptoms such as the inability to relax, lack of initiative, irritability and nervousness.
