[Cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth: Current aspects of diagnosis].

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth is a relevant problem, for 60­80% of patients first seek medical treatment only when they have late stages of the disease. The review analyzes the data available in the Russian and foreign literature on mainstay techniques for radiodiagnosing cancer of the mouth and floor of the mouth. It highlights the capabilities of computed tomography in diagnosing this pathology, in assessing deepseated anatomic structures of the mouth and floor of the mouth, and in detecting metastatic neck lymph nodes.

[X-ray diagnosis of chronic traumatic lesions of the diaphragm]. / Rentgenodiagnostika khronicheskikh travmaticheskikh povrezhdenii diafragmy.

The authors analyze the clinical and x-ray findings in 24 patients with chronic traumatic injuries of the diaphragm. The clinical findings did not hint at a chronic traumatic injury of the diaphragm. The x-ray method was the principal in the diagnosis of the condition. A correct methodologic approach to the examination of a patient helped detect a chronic injury to the diaphragm virtually in all the cases and the type of the injury could be recognized by routine x-ray methods. Indications for the use of invasive methods of examinations were defined: pneumoperitoneum and bronchography. Computer-aided tomography failed to simplify the diagnosis of the condition in question, and in 10% of cases it was hardly informative. A scheme for staged x-ray examination of the patients has been developed with due consideration for the possible roentgeno-semiotic variants.

[Enhanced economies of study in thyroid diseases]. / Povyshenie ékonomichnosti issledovaniia pri zabolevaniiakh shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Scientifically substantiated figures of material costs spent on the main types of radiotherapy of thyroid tumors were calculated on the basis of data of the clinical diagnostic departments of the First I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Institute. Cost calculation was based on the principle of the use of means in the nonindustrial field of economy. The cost of each investigation was calculated as full expenses (main funds and current costs) allocated for a particular type of investigation in any arbitrary period of time, divided into the number of investigations performed over this period. Standardization of investigations taking account of the elaborated tactical schemes makes it possible to decrease notably (almost by 20%) material costs on the investigation of thyroid patients.

[Characteristics of the clinical picture, hormonal status and humoral immunity in older patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. / Osobennosti kliniki, gormonal'nogo statusa i gumoral'nogo immuniteta u bol'nykh s diffuznym toksicheskim zobom pozhilogo vozrasta.

Radioimmunoassays, immunological and radioreceptor methods were used for a study of the levels of T3, T4, TSH, thyroglobulin, antibodies to thyroglobulin and microsomal antigen, immunoglobulins suppressing thyrotropin binding in 92 patients with diffuse toxic goiter aged over 50. There was discrepancy between the prevalence of severe types of disease in this group of patients and an insignificant rise of T3 and T4 levels. Changes in the immune status pointed to an increase in immunodeficiency which became progressive with aging of the organism, and increasing sensitivity to damaging agents.

[Status of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. / Sostoainie gipotalamo-gipofizarnoi sistemy u bol'nykh s diffuznym toksicheskim zobom.

Disorder of function of the hypothalamus-thyroid system in patients with diffuse toxic goiter is accompanied by change of the hormonal activity of the hypothalamohypophyseal-adrenocortical and hypothalamohypophyseal-ovarian systems. It is particularly marked in persons with heredity aggravated by thyroid diseases or/and diabetes mellitus.

[Use of levamisole in the complex treatment of patients with thyrotoxicosis]. / Primenenie levamizola v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh tireotoksikozom.

The immune status was studied in patients with a familial nature of thyrotoxicosis and without complicated heredity. Disorders in the immune homeostasis, mostly expressed in thyrotoxicosis of familial nature, were revealed. Proceeding from the above the authors proposed a method of multimodality therapy of thyrotoxicosis with antithyroid drugs and immunomodulator levamisole causing a fast disappearance of the clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis, a decrease in thyroid activity and density and the reduction of the number of surgical interventions. The effect may be probably due to the normalization of the immune status.

[Characteristics of the clinical aspects, and hormonal and immunological status of thyrotoxicosis patients with a hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases]. / Nekotorye osobennosti kliniki, gormonal'nogo i immunologicheskogo statusa u bol'nykh tireotoksikozom s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iu k éndokrinnym zabolevaniiam.

The levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), TTH, STH, free triiodothyronine index T3F/T3/T4, as well as the titers of antibodies to microsome-membranous antigen and thyroglobulin, were studied in thyrotoxic patients with hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases (thyrotoxicosis, goiter, diabetes mellitus) and in subjects without such heredity. Peculiarities of the disease development and endocrinopathy distribution among their relatives were investigated. More pronounced disorders in thyroid hormone metabolism and humoral immunity state were seen in thyrotoxic patients with hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases. In comparison with those of the subjects without this heredity. The risk of diabetes mellitus development was detected in thyrotoxic patients predisposed to diabetes mellitus. Clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis (the disease severity, goiter of the IVth sage, exophthalmos) were also more evident in subjects predisposed to endocrine diseases.

[Electroroentgenoscanning in the diagnosis of expanding mediastinal growths]. / Elektrorentgenoskanirovanie v diagnostike ob'emnykh obrazovanii sredosteniia.

Thirty eight patients with the upper mediastinal tumours were examined by electroroentgenoscanning; 35 of these were operated on later and the diagnosis was confirmed. Comparison of the thyroid gland scannogram with the chest roentgenogram aided recognition of the nature of the detected formation. In cases of nonfunctional stromas the results of this method should be considered only in combination with other data.